1、第一编,专题四 语法填空和短文改错,第1讲 语法必备,第3讲 短文改错,分析三年考情,备考不走弯路,题 型 透 析,明晰命题原则,优化备考策略 短文改错不是阅读,刷题不是良方。踏实复习语法知识,牢记基础词汇的用法和固定搭配,关注介词、冠词等小词。在基础知识不牢的情况下,避免做题过多,以免强化了错误的知识; 记思路和记知识同等重要。短文改错的命题特点、设题方式、改错原则、考点分布要熟记心中。对考生来说,难的是看不出错误在哪里,而不是看出错误来了改不对; 变的是短文,不变的是考点。短文改错的考点是固定的,只是在不同的短文中以不同的形式考查,熟记考点,积累高频出错点,定期回顾复习; 培养朗读习惯,增
2、强语感。熟读优秀习作,背诵其中的佳句、短语或者搭配,培养语感。,真 题 体 验,文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的爷爷奶奶生活的巨大变化。 解析:在countryside前面加the 词法错误。go to the countryside表示“去乡下”,是固定搭配。 解析:findfound 句法错误。文章讲述的是过去发生的事,故用一般过去时。 解析:anotherother 词法错误。another意为“另一个”,修饰可数名词单数;此处表示“其他的”动物,应用other。, 解析:herethere 词法错误。去乡下看望爷爷奶奶,应该是“远指”而非“近指”,故用there。 解析
3、:chickenchickens 词法错误。dozens of许多,修饰可数名词复数。 解析:whichwhere/在which前面加in 句法错误。pond是表示地点的名词,后面的定语从句主、谓、宾成分齐全,故用where或“介词which”引导定语从句;表达“在池塘里”用介词in。 解析:sellselling 词法错误。by是介词,后接动词时要用其动名词形式。,2 (2018全国)When I was little,Fridays night was our family game night. After supper,we would play card games of all s
4、ort in the sitting room. As the kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watching them,my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didnt realize how right my p
5、arents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.,文章大意:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候父母不愿意让他看动画片,而是鼓励他参与玩纸牌游戏的故事。 解析:FridaysFriday 词法错误。Friday morning/afternoon/night星期五的上午/下午/晚上。 解析:sortsorts 词法错误。of all sorts各种各样的。 解析:the
6、a 词法错误。此处表示泛指而非特指。 解析:watchingwatch 句法错误。ask to do sth. 要求做某事。 解析:去掉to 句法错误。would (not)表示“意愿”时后面直接跟动词原形,不需要加to。 解析:usme 词法错误。根据行文逻辑可知,此处说的是“我”的事情,所以用对应的宾格代词me作介词to的宾语。,从词法、句法和语篇角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的能力,所考查的内容覆盖面广、分布合理。,名 师 点 津,考查形式 短文改错10处错误中,考查错词、多词、漏词三种形式的错误。,技 法 例 析,解答短文改错时要遵循四个原则:改动以最少为原则;虚词以添加或删除为
7、原则;实词以改变词形为原则;不改动句意为原则。 1注意冠词考查类型,牢记冠词出错点。错误类型涉及多词、缺词和错词三种。出错点在a(n)与the的误用、a与an的误用、单数可数名词前冠词的缺失及误加冠词等方面。要牢记冠词用法,准确判断元音及辅音音素。,I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. 剖析:在第二个in后加the。in the kitchen与前文的in the sitting room相对应。 . he quickly walked into the shop. A woman saw him cr
8、ying and told him to wait outside a shop. 剖析:athe。此处特指上文提到的商店。应将a改为the。,典 例,2考虑名词单复数,注意可数与不可数。若出现名词,主要考虑名词的可数与不可数问题、单复数问题。错误类型为错词型。,(2017全国卷)They often get some useful informations from the Internet. 剖析:informationsinformation。information是不可数名词,意为“信息”,没有复数形式。,典 例,Mom has a fulltime job,but she has t
9、o do most of the houseworks. 剖析:houseworkshousework。housework“家务活”为不可数名词。 . little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. his parents were missing. 剖析:parentparents。由后文的his parents were missing可知,应将parent改为复数形式。,3遵循一致性原则,注意代词形式的误用。主要考查形容词性物主代词指代的错误,不定代词之间的误用、反身代词之间的误用。代词主格与宾格的误用、代词单数与复数的误用、
10、反身代词与宾格代词的误用等也会涉及。遵循一致性的原则,便可以很容易找到错误。错误类型以错词为主。,If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. 剖析:yourour。前面主语为we,故此处表示“开拓我们的视野”。 When he came back,I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. 剖析:herhis。手里拿着一束花的是父亲。,典 例,4分析句子成分,注意形容词与副词的误用。出题者往往从考生的汉语思维入
11、手,即只考虑句意而忽视形容词与副词的作用。主要表现为:形容词与副词的误用,形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级之间的误用。在分析句子时尤其要注意修饰性的词语在句中的作用,判断其词性,从而找出错误。错误类型为错词型。,Instead,he hopes that his business will grow steady. 剖析:steadysteadily。动词grow应该用副词修饰,steady是形容词,其副词形式为steadily。 The dishes that I cooked were Mons favoritest. 剖析:favoritestfavorite。favorite是形容词
12、,这里相当于名词,意为“最喜欢的事物”。favorite本身含有最高级意义,没有最高级形式,因此要把favoritest改为favorite。 . global warming has already become a very seriously problem. 剖析:seriouslyserious。由a和problem可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词,故应将seriously改为serious。,典 例,5注意介词错误类型,考虑介词搭配。短文改错对介词的考查类型涉及多词、缺词和错词三类。主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时多加介词和在不及物动词后少加介词,介词的固定搭配以及介词的基本用法。判断时要
13、着重观察动词后的介词以及介词的搭配是否正确。,Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted. 剖析:onwith。表示“随着”通常用介词with,with the development of“随着的发展”,应将on改为with。 Tony saw a toy on a shop window. 剖析:onin。玩具应该是在橱窗里面,故应将on改为in。,典 例,6分析逻辑关系,把握全文时态基调。改错时要重点分析谓语动词的时态、语态。主要设错形式为现在时态与过去时态
14、的误用,主动语态与被动语态的误用。做题时要把握全文时态基调并注意平行结构及主语与谓语之间的逻辑关系,同时要注意主谓一致。错误类型为错词型,有时候也有多词情况,例如错用被动语态时been的多余。,I thought that it is a good idea. 剖析:thoughtthink。文章通篇时态为一般现在时,因此要将thought改为think。 They always tell me what to do and how to do it. 剖析:telltold。本文讲述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时。tell的过去式是told。 Lots of studies have bee
15、n shown that global warming has already become. 剖析:去掉been。此处表示“研究表明”,应用主动语态。故应将been去掉。,典 例,A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop. 剖析:tellingtold。这位妇女看见他哭然后告诉他在商店外面等待。故把telling改为told,told和动词saw是并列关系。 My dream school look like a big garden. 剖析:looklooks。本题考查主语和谓语在数上的一致性。本句的主语
16、school是可数名词单数,谓语动词应用单数,故应将look改为looks。,7判断谓语还是非谓语,考虑非谓语动词形式的误用。主要考查动词ing和不定式的误用、现在分词和过去分词的误用、动词不定式是否省略to等问题。错误类型涉及多词、缺词和错词三种。短文改错中常常把谓语动词误用作非谓语动词,或把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词,因此在解题时要多分析一个句子中会有多个谓语的情况,是否其中一个应为非谓语形式。,Mom was grateful and moving. 剖析:movingmoved。moving“令人感动的”,moved“感动的”,妈妈因为我和爸爸的表现很感激、很感动。 I showed t
17、hem I was independent by wear strange clothes. 剖析:wearwearing。介词by后面用动词ing形式,表示方式。 After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found that his parents were missing. 剖析:lookslooking。after后面的部分没有主语,而且looks的时态和全文不符,因此这里不能加主语,要把looks改为非谓语动词looking。,典 例,8判断从句类型,注意连词之间的误用。短文改错对于连词的考查主要在于句子之间的
18、关系、并列句的逻辑关系以及复合句中连词的作用。主要为“and,so,or与but”“that与what”等连词之间的误用。错误类型涉及多词、缺词和错词三种。,Mom has a fulltime job,so she has to do most of the housework. 剖析:sobut。本句为并列句,前后分句“妈妈有全职工作”与“大部分的家务活还要妈妈干”两者之间为转折关系,故把so改为but。 The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite. 剖析:whatthat/which或删除what。分析句子结构可知,引导词在句中引导定语从句,先行词为dishes,指物,且在句中作宾语,故把what改为that/which或者删除what。,典 例,After looking at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing. 剖析:wherethat或去掉where。found后面是宾语从句,根据意思可知,这里指“他父母不见了”这个事实,故把where改为that,that可省略。,