1、专题十五 生态环保类,-2-,(2018全国D) We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new,but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devi
2、ces consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.,-3-,To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its
3、minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers,basic mobile phones,and box-set TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 play
4、ers,smart phones,and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002,before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.,-4-,As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.“The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one day,you have a TV in every room of
5、the house,”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst d
6、evices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions(排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.,-5-,So whats the solution(解决方案)?The teams data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new
7、 electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for world processing and TV viewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.,-6-,32.What does the author think of new devices? A.They are e
8、nvironment-friendly. B.They are no better than the old. C.They cost more to use at home. D.They go out of style quickly. 33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research? A.To reduce the cost of minerals. B.To test the life cycle of a product. C.To update consumers on new technology. D.To find out elec
9、tricity consumption of the devices. 34.Which of the following uses the least energy? A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D.The desktop computer.,-7-,35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices? A.Stop using them. B.Take them apart. C.Upgrade them. D.Recycle them.,-
10、8-,【文章结构】,-9-,【难点分析】 The teams data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for world processing and TV viewing. 这个团队的数据仅仅是到2007年,但是研究人员也在探讨,如果消费者用像兼有文字处理和电视观看功
11、能的直板电脑一样的多功能电子产品替换旧产品的话,将会发生什么样的情况? 分析:what would happen if consumers replaced.是虚拟语气,使得作者的表述语气委婉。,-10-,【语篇导读】本文是议论文。当我们购买了新的电子设备时,我们仍然使用旧的电子设备。其实,旧电子设备耗费的能源比新设备要多,从而损害我们的环境、浪费我们的金钱。 32.A 推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more ene
12、rgy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知,过时的设备要比新设备消耗更多的能源,因此可推测出新设备对环境有好处。 33.D 细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句“To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt.tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life”可知,Babbitt和她的同事做这项研究是为了发现这些设备所消耗的能量,所以选D项。,-11-,34.B 细节理
13、解题。根据文章的最后一句“They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%”可知,B项使用的能量最少。 35.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology.”以及第三段中的“As we accumulated more devices,however,we d
14、idnt throw out our old ones”可知,文章建议人们不要再使用旧的电子设备。,-12-,A (2018北京朝阳二模) Dear Koko, Ive learned about you from my amazing teacher.I think its fun that you can communicate with us humans by using the sign language.Ive spent a lot of time watching you in different videos and love you from the bottom of m
15、y heart.,-13-,Its heartbreaking to learn about all of the cruel things done to gorillas (大猩猩).In Africa,for example,the killers use guns to kill your fellows for meat.They dont understand the influence their actions are having on gorillas.Another thing is the loss of gorillas natural home,which is c
16、aused by the improved infrastructure such as building roads and airports.When we cut down trees,you become homeless.We take away your shelter and sources of food,leaving you with very little chance of survival.,-14-,Some of my classmates are writing to the relevant departments about these serious pr
17、oblems.Hopefully these letters will make a difference during your lifetime.Over the past three months,my class has been researching on gorillas,and Ive learned so many things.For example,Ive learned that you have a lot of feelings similar to mine and you are always so careful with everything you do.
18、I think that you are really worth saving. Weve come up with many ideas to help you and your fellows.One of the best ideas is to communicate with the President of the World Bank and have him give more financial support to the organizations for gorillas.Another idea is to make public laws on the kille
19、rs.I also think we need to keep educating people about gorillas.,-15-,I love writing to you and hope you can understand how important youve become to our class.Would it be too much to ask for a return letter?,【语篇解读】本文是写给大猩猩的一封信,信中讲述了大猩猩当前的悲惨遭遇及人类采取的保护措施。,-16-,1.According to the passage,Koko is proba
20、bly . A.a killer of gorillas B.a member of the gorilla family C.an expert on gorillas D.a governor in charge of gorillas,答案,解析,-17-,2.What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph? A.The problems gorillas face at present. B.The danger gorillas cause for humans. C.The unique characteristic gori
21、llas have. D.The natural environment gorillas live in.,答案,解析,-18-,3.Which of the following is the authors suggestion according to this passage? A.Gorillas should be protected in nature reserves. B.Killers for gorillas should be legally responsible. C.Organizations should be set up to protect gorilla
22、s. D.People should make donations to gorilla protection.,答案,解析,-19-,B (2018河北石家庄二模) Though the harmful effects of plastic on wildlife and human health are well-documented,this material is hard to avoid.Nearly everything we touch,from grocery bags to drink bottles,to food packaging,contains plastic.N
23、ow,Amsterdams Ekoplaza supermarket is making it a little easier for consumers to reduce consumption of single-use plastic bags and containers,which are blocking our landfills at alarming rates,with a special plastic-free aisle(通道).Believed to be the worlds first,the aisle has 700 products on sale in
24、cluding rice,beans,yogurt,chocolate milk,cereal,snacks and meat.,-20-,While items still require packaging,everything is housed inside reusable or recyclable containers made of glass,metal or cardboard.The unique idea was given to the grocery-chain officials by UK-based environmental group A Plastic
25、Planet,which takes the lead to advocate for at least one plastic-free aisle in supermarkets around the globe.The non-profit has even created a signature “plastic-free” mark to help consumers identify eco-friendly packaging.“This is a consumer-led campaign,” said a group co-founder Sian Sutherland.“W
26、ere a grassroots organization.So obviously were working with industry and the government,but most importantly,we represent the public.”,-21-,Ekoplaza,which plans to roll out the plastic-free aisles across its 74 stores by the end of the year,is not the only company trying to reduce plastic waste.In
27、Berlin,the Original Unverpackt grocery store has been trying to change customer habits since 2014 by selling everything,from grains to produce and even soaps without plastic packaging.The supermarket,which requires customers to bring their own reusable containers,even sells chewable toothpaste that
28、needs no tubes. Though it is encouraging to see companies trying to make a difference,for real change to happen,consumers have to avoid products encased in plastics,even if it means giving up their favorite food or drink.As Sutherland put it,“Plastic food and drink packaging remains useful and yet a
29、 destructive presence on the earth for centuries afterwards.”,-22-,【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了阿姆斯特丹的Ekoplaza超市及世界其他的一些有名超市致力于为顾客提供无塑料通道,鼓励顾客使用可再循环利用的购物袋,以减少塑料的白色污染。,-23-,4.What does Ekoplaza want to do by setting up a plastic-free aisle? A.Cut down managing cost. B.Reduce plastic-packaging. C.Make shopping
30、 much easier. D.Increase the amount of sales.,答案,解析,-24-,5.Which of the following can make a real difference? A.Consumers. B.Supermarkets. C.Organizations. D.Companies.,答案,解析,-25-,6.What does Sutherland think of plastic packaging in the future? A.It will be of no use to consumers. B.It will exist fo
31、r a long time. C.It will disappear in this century. D.It will replace other containers.,答案,解析,-26-,7.What might be the title of the passage? A.Plastics are Harmful to the Environment B.Non-profits can Help the Supermarkets C.Consumers should Change Shopping Habits D.Supermarkets Take Action for a Cleaner Planet,答案,解析,
