1、1第七讲 虚拟语气李仕才第一课时 知识过关课注意 虚拟条件句与主句的谓语动词与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去时(be 用 were)；与将来可能的事实相反时还可用 were to/should动词原形，主句用 would/should/could/might动词原形；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，主句用 would/should/could/might have过去分词。读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线及黑体部分。思考：什么情况下用虚拟语气；虽同是虚拟语气，但什么情况下用过去式表示，什么情况下用(should动词原形)表示。My deskmate, Mary, tr
2、eats me as_if_she_were1 my sister. She is nice but fat. If_she_were not so fat，she_would_look 2 like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised_that_she_(should)_eat3 more vegetables and fruits. He also made a_suggestion_that_she_(should)_work_out4 regularly. Besides, 2he insisted_that_she_(should)_
3、walk5 to school. If_she_had_followed_the_doctors_advice,_she_would_not_be_so_fat_now6. In other words, if_the_doctor_had_persuaded her to do so, she would_not_have_become7 overweight.This morning, Marys mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldnt help sh
4、outing, “If_only_I_were8 a little thinner!_How_I_wish_I_hadnt_eaten9 so much junk food before！” Were_I_Mary,_I would_make10 a weight loss plan. If_I_became_overweight_in_the_future，I_would_do 11 sports every day. Now it_is_high_time_she_changed12 her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she would
5、nt_be13 able to lose weight. I would_rather_she_went14 swimming with me, but she insists_that_water_sports_are15 not suitable for her. So it_is_necessary_that_she_(should)_walk16 to school.1.在 as if/as though，even if/even though 引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。2.表示与现在事实相反
6、的假设，if 从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，(be 一般用 were)，主句的谓语用 would/should/could/might动词原形。35.在insist，suggest，advise，order，command，propose，demand，require，request 等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should动词原形” ，其中的 should 可以省略。在suggestion，advice，order，command，demand，requirement，request 等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should动词原形” ，其中的 should 可以省略。6
7、.错综条件句：有时 if 从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。7.表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即“had过去分词” ，主句用“would/should/could/mighthave过去分词” 。89.在表示愿望的动词 wish 后的宾语从句和 If only(但愿)引出的句子中，需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或 if only 后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事3实相反，从句或 if only 后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。10.如果 if 从句
8、中含有 were，had 或 should，可将 if 省略，然后将 were，had 或 should提前至主语前，即从句可用半倒装。11.表示与将来事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用一般过去时，或用“were to/should动词原形” ，主句用“would/should/could/might动词原形” 。12.在 It is (high) time that 后的从句中，谓语动词用“should(不能省略)动词原形”或一般过去时都可以。13.含蓄条件从句：用连词 otherwise，or，but 或用介词 but for，without 等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词
9、用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词 but for，without 表示的虚拟语气，可和 if 引导的假设条件状语从句替换。14.would (had) rather，would sooner 用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。15.动词 insist 表“坚持认为，坚持说，坚持某种说法” ；suggest 表“暗示，表明”时，后面从句不用虚拟语气。16.在 it is necessary (important，natural，strange，surprising) that
10、引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形” 。.单句填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.If I were(be) you, I would do it in a different way.2.If you had followed my advice just now, you would_be(be) fine now.3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would_have_scored(score) a goal.4.If I had(have) a million
11、 dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas.5.The doctor ordered that she (should)_stay(stay) in bed for a few days.6.It is very important that you (should)_master(master) the skills of computer.7.English teachers give advice that we (should)_make(ma
12、ke) good use of every 4chance to speak English.8.It is high time that we took/should_take(take) some measures to protect the wild animals.9.How I wish every family had(have) a large house with a beautiful garden!10.Janes pale face suggested that she was(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she (s
13、hould)_have(have) a medical examination.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。)1.How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.arewere2.Had he worked hard years ago, he would become very rich.在 become 前加 have3.If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater neve
14、r tries to skate in two directions at once.willwould4.But the fact that China is also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now.在 But 后加 for5.It might have been done better if you have been more careful.第二个 havehad6.I actually believe that we would be in Xian now if you
15、 hadnt caught drunk while driving last month.在 caught 前加 been7.It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education.establishestablished 或在 establish 前加 should8.Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman.iswere9.Tibet is so mysteriously described by some
16、 people that I think if only I can go there.cancould10.Id rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow.goeswent.语篇填空(阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。)Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1._ (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hardworking while Peter
17、 is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2._ ( be ) hard working. Peter could do better，3._ he doesnt want to work hard.People believe if Peter 4._ (work) as hard as Tom，he 5would do as well as his brother in his study.At home, their parents make a suggestion tha
18、t they 5._ (do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6._ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7._ (be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end.One day, when doing his homework, Tom fou
19、nd he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercisebook aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercisebook, he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day.When the teacher told the truth to the twins mother, s
20、he kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8._ ( be ) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9._ (be) as diligent as your brother! Now its time that I 10._ (give) you a good lesson. And I insist that you 11._ (not play) any computer games for a whole month too. Remember
21、to do as I ask you to，12._，you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year！”“Oh, no! Mom.13._ computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14._ (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.”Peter was upset.“If you 15._ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldnt be
22、 punished now.” said the mother.【语篇导读】 汤姆和彼特虽然长得很像且都很聪明，但学习上却一勤一懒，各不相同，甚至有一次彼特还因偷懒，投机取巧，闹出了笑话。1.were as if 引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语用一般过去时，be 一般用 were。2.is suggests 表示“表明，说明” ，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。3.but “本来可以做得更好”与“不愿努力学”是转折关系，故用连词 but。4.worked if 表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语动词用一般过去时。5.(should) do 在表示“建议”的 suggesti
23、on 后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should) 6do。6.(should) finish 在 insist 表示“坚决要求”时，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)动词原形” 。7.is 该句的 insists 表示“坚持认为” ，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。8.was suggested 表示“表明，说明” ，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。9.were 在表示愿望的 wish 后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。10.gave 或 should give 在 Its time that 句型的 that 从句中，谓语动词用一般过去时或“shoul
24、d动词原形” 。11.(should) not play 句中 insist 表示“坚决要求” ，其宾语从句的谓语用“(should)动词原形” 。12.or/otherwise 由后面句中的谓语 would be 可知，前面用 or 或 otherwise(否则)来表示虚拟条件。13.Without 由后面的 would die 可知，填 without 表示虚拟条件。14.asked 在 would rather 后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。15.had finished 表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。第二课时 写作增分课 虚拟语气在写作中的增分点一、
25、使用“虚拟语气”表达“愿望”1.我多么希望我能更聪明一些，精力更充沛一些。(how I wish, more intelligent, more energetic)How_I_wish_I_were_more_intelligent_and_more_energetic.2.要是我上初中时没把时间浪费在看小说上该多好啊。(if only, waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school)If_only_I_hadnt_wasted_the_time_in_reading_novels_when_I_was_in_junior_h
26、igh_school.3.是该你尽最大努力来赶上别人的时候了。(its high time that, catch up with others)Its_high_time_that_you_tried/should_try_your_best_to_catch_up_with_others.74.我想你明天还是不来的好。(I would rather)I_would_rather_you_didnt_come_tomorrow.5.他在课堂上如此昏昏欲睡，好像他几天都没睡过觉一样。(sleepy, in class, as if)He_was_so_sleepy_in_class_as_if
27、_he_hadnt_slept_a_wink_for_several_days.6.我感到如此恶心。我希望母亲没有逼我吃那么多。(sick, wish, force)I_feel_so_sick.I_wish_Mum_hadnt_forced_me_to_eat_so_much.二、在写作中巧妙运用虚拟条件句1.如果当时我身上钱足够的话，我就把那本书买下来了。(have enough money with me)If_I_had_enough_money_with_me_at_that_time,_I_would_have_bought_the_book.2.如果明天下雨，野餐将会取消。(pu
28、t off, until next week；条件句用三种方法翻译)If_it_rained/should_rain/were_to_rain_tomorrow,_the_picnic_would_be_cancelled.3.如果你过去学英语方法正确的话，你的英语现在就不会这么糟。(learn English in the right way, so bad)If_you_had_learned_English_in_the_right_way,_it_wouldnt_be_so_bad_now./Had_you_learned_English_in_the_right_way，it_wou
29、ldnt_be_so_bad_now.4.如果计划有变化，我会立即通知你。(should there be, change, the plan, inform, immediately)Should_there_be_any_change_about_the_plan,_I_would_inform_you_immediately.5.要是你再早一点儿来的话，你就不会受到惩罚了。(had you, punish)Had_you_come_earlier,_you_wouldnt_have_been_punished./If_you_had_come_earlier，you_wouldnt_ha
30、ve_been_punished.三、学会熟练使用含蓄条件句1.在竞赛中他本可以得金牌，但他却在比赛开始时就摔倒了。(win a gold medal, but, fall over)He_could_have_won_a_gold_medal,_but_he_fell_over_immediately_the_r8ace_began.2.如果没有电，生活对于许多人来说将是痛苦的。(without, miserable)Without_electricity,_life_would_be_miserable_for_many_people.3.路上堵车了，要不然我早就到了。(be caught
31、 in, otherwise, be here earlier)I_was_caught_in_the_traffic_jam;_otherwise_I_would_have_come_here_earlier.4.要不是你的帮助，我在作文竞赛中就得不了一等奖。(but for, the first prize, the English Writing Competition)But_for_your_help,_I_wouldnt_have_won_the_first_prize_in_the_English_Writing_Competition.四、用“(should)动词原形”来表达“
32、想让某人做某事”1.他坚持说他从来没有见过那支钢笔，并坚持要她道歉。(insist, make an apology)He_insisted_that_he_had_never_seen_the_pen_and_insisted_she_make_an_apology.2.医生脸上吃惊的表情表明我母亲的病很严重，医生建议她马上动手术。(the surprised look, suggest, illness, serious, be operated on)The_surprised_look_on_the_doctors_face_suggested_that_my_mothers_illness_was_serious_and_he_suggested_she_be_operated_on_at_once.3.要求每个学生在听报告时要记笔记。(request, take notes, while)It_is_requested_that_every_student_take_notes_while_listening_to_the_report.4.我们催促政府马上采取行动。(urge, the government, take measures)We_urge_that_the_government_take_measures_at_once.
