1、1专题十三 社会文化类阅读+完形填空+语篇填空.阅读理解A(2018 安徽合肥二模)In todays society,language plays a key role in defining gender(性别) by vocabulary,and also their non-verbal(非语言的) vocabulary.Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women.Many different studies show th
2、at men tend to talk much more than women.It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men;this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are,and also have the ability to speak more clearly,precisely,and more quickly than men.In one study it was found th
3、at women spoke for an average of three minutes describing a painting,as opposed to the thirteen-minute average it took men to describe it.Men and women also tend to have a very different non-verbal way of communicating,which can also make it very hard for one another to understand what the opposite
4、sex is trying to say.Mens body language is much more reserved when talking to women.Men tend not to make as much eye contact and they generally stay farther away from women when talking to them.Men avoid other peoples body space while talking,and they also tend to sit back when talking.All of these
5、have given off the impression of disinterest or boredom.Women are by far better listeners and much more enjoyable to talk with and they tend to raise more topics for conversation.Women also make it clearer whether or not the conversation is going somewhere or just stuck in neutral.After learning abo
6、ut our styles of communicating with each other,I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating,what fun 2would it be if we all spoke the same“language”?The little games men and women play with each other while conversing would be lost.The question everyone asks himself or hers
7、elf after talking with someone of the opposite sex,“I wonder if theres something there?” would no longer exist.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,讲述的是“相反的性别,不同的语言”。1.What does the underlined word“this”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.The differences between mens and womens languages.B.The different speed of mens and womens sp
8、eech.C.The ability of mens and womens spoken language.D.The non-verbal vocabulary of men and women.答案 B解析 词义指代题。根据第二段第一、二句“Many different studies show that men tend to talk much more than women.It has also been proven that women tend to speak faster than men.”可知许多不同的研究表明,男人比女人更爱说话。事实证明,女性说话速度比男性快。再根
9、据第二段下文“.this is due to the fact that women tend to be interrupted more often than men are,and also have the ability to speak more clearly,precisely,and more quickly than men.”可知这是由于女性比男性更容易被打断,而且她们比男性更清楚、更准确、更迅速地说话。由此推知,此处 this 指的是男人和女人说话的速度不同。故选 B 项。2.In what way do men and women differ according t
10、o the third paragraph?A.Speed of understanding.B.Understanding of speech roles.C.Politeness of communication.D.Application of body language.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Men and women also tend to have a very different non-verbal way of communicating.”可知男人和女人也有一种非常不同的非语言交流方式,故选 D 项。3.What is the authors att
11、itude to the differences between mens and womens communication?A.Cautious. B.Favorable.C.Ambiguous. D.Skeptical.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“After learning about our styles of communicating with each other,I have decided that although men have not quite mastered communicating,what fun would it be if we all
12、 spoke the same language?”可知,作者对男女之间的沟通差异是赞同的。故选 B 项。4.What is the best title for the text?3A.Women,born excellent talkersB.Mens and womens social rolesC.Vocabulary and communicationD.Opposite gender,different language答案 D解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In todays society,language plays a key role in defining gender(
13、性别) by vocabulary,and also their non-verbal(非语言的) vocabulary.Each one of these different types of ways of communicating is obviously different between men and women.”和最后一段最后一句“The question everyone asks himself or herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex,I wonder if theres something th
14、ere? would no longer exist.”可知,本文的主题是“相反的性别,不同的语言”。故选 D 项。B(2018 安徽安庆二模)On Friday,Germany s telecom regulator(电信业管理者),the Federal Network Agency,announced that a number of childrens smartwatches,designed for ages 5 to 12,can allow someone to remotely tap into the watchs microphone and secretly spy f
15、rom remote places.The regulator isnt just worried about the potential of people spying on childrenits worried the devices(设备) can be used to spy on anyone.And in Germany,its illegal to record private conversations without permission.According to our investigations,parents were using the watches,for
16、example,to listen in on their children during class,said Federal Network Agency President Jochen Homann in a statement.Smartwatches that make phone calls,like the Apple Watch,are legal in Germany.The problem with many of the childrens smartwatches,however,is that the devices have a classic spying fu
17、nction,similar to a baby monitor,which can be easily activated(激活) just by using an app.The German regulator is so serious about destroying these devices.Its asking citizens to document the watches destruction and file evidence online.Once the watches are destroyed,the regulator will provide a “cert
18、ificate of destruction,” confirming the deed was done.This isnt the first time the Federal Network Agency told German citizens to destroy a consumer device.The regulator once prohibited the doll “My Friend Cayla”,which was fitted with radio transforming technology that could allow children to be spi
19、ed on.Remind tech producers:The German government wont just ban devices that can spy on anyone.Theyll demand the devices be destroyed with hammers (or whatever means of destruction one prefers)even if theyre dolls.4【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。德国政府要求家长“毁掉”孩子的智能手表。就在中国父母们还在为孩子选择哪种智能手表而纠结时,德国政府已经全面封杀儿童智能手表,并要求国人毁掉
20、已有的智能手表。在德国联邦网络局看来,儿童智能手表和智能娃娃都是“间谍设备”。5.Why is the Federal Network Agency concerned about childrens smartwatches?A.They are too expensive to afford.B.They cant be used in remote places.C.They are harmful to childrens health.D.They can be used to watch anyone in secret.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“On Frida
21、y,Germany s telecom regulator(电信业管理者),the Federal Network Agency,announced that a number of childrens smartwatches,designed for ages 5 to 12,can allow someone to remotely tap into the watchs microphone and secretly spy from remote places.”可知,它们可以被用来秘密监视任何人。故答案为 D 项。6.How can a smartwatchs spying fun
22、ction be performed?A.By using an app. B.By using a baby monitor.C.By fixing a device. D.By downloading software.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“which can be easily activated(激活) just by using an app.”可知,智能手表的监视功能可以通过应用程序来实现。故选 A 项。7.What will citizens get after destroying the watches?A.A document. B.A doll.C.A
23、certificate. D.A prize.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Once the watches are destroyed,the regulator will provide a certificate of destruction.”可知,在毁坏了这些手表之后,人们会得到一个证书。可知答案为 C 项。8.What can we infer about the German governments attitude to childrens smartwatches?A.Doubtful. B.Supportive.C.Acceptable. D.Unbearable
24、.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段“The German government wont just ban devices that can spy on anyone.Theyll demand the devices be destroyed with hammers(or whatever means of destruction one prefers)even if theyre dolls.”德国政府不仅会禁用那些给监视监听打开方便之门的设备,他们还会要求人们用锤子(或随便其他什么破坏工具)砸烂这些设备就算是玩具娃娃也不会放过。由此可知,德国政府对智能手表的态度是不能容忍的。
25、故选 D 项。5C(2018 安徽江淮十校第二次联考)The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents.All shes ever wanted to do is to become an elementary school teacher.However,Hipp has racked up(累计) $100,000(about 0.67 million yuan) in student l
26、oan debt and isnt able to earn enough through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server to live anywhere other than home. To some degree,multigenerational households have always been a part of American life.However,the number of adults who have been moving back in with their pa
27、rents or never leaving home in the first place has been growing steadily.The Pew Research Center recently reported that 2016 was a milestone in the evolving living arrangements of young adults in the US.Until 2016,the most common living arrangement for young adults was to be living in their own prop
28、erty as part of a couple.UBS Financial Services,a Swiss global financial services company,released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesnt want them to leave.The report shows that 74 percent of millennials(千
29、禧一代) get some kind of financial support from their parents after college.Millennials see their parents as peers,friends and mentors(导师).In return,their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood,helping fund everything for them.Stuart Hoffman,chief economist for the PNC Financial
30、Group in the US,said “Although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved,that doesnt necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest,”he said.“They may like living at home and being able to save money.”He added,“While it has held back household formation and purchases on thin
31、gs,they are probably traveling more and eating out more.I dont know if it represents a change in moral values.Its much more common for adult children to live in their parents homes because its becoming part of the culture.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在西方的传统观念中,成年即意味着要离开父母,独立生活。然而现在,越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母同住。9.Whats th
32、e purpose of Caitlin Hipps story?A.To prove the authors view.B.To introduce her situation.C.To present the topic.D.To make readers rethink about the problem.答案 C解析 推理判断题。在西方的传统观念中,成年即意味着要离开父母,独立生活。然而现在,越来越多的西方年轻人更倾向于与父母同住。作者在第一段讲述 Caitlin Hipp 的故事,就是为了引出6本文话题,“在某种程度上,几代同堂一直都是美国人生活的一部分。然而,搬回来和父母同住、或从
33、一开始就没离开过家的成年人数量正稳步上升。”故选 C 项。10.What does the underlined part (Paragraph 1) probably refer to?A.Live with parents. B.Live independently.C.Stay at home. D.Leave home.答案 B解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“However,Hipp has racked up(累计) $100,000 (about 0.67 million yuan) in student loan debt and isnt able to earn eno
34、ugh through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server.”Hipp 身负 10 万美元(约 67 万元人民币)的学生贷款债务。她目前的工作是兼职滑冰教练和餐厅服务员,所以她挣的工资根本无法让她离家独立生活。可知画线部分 live anywhere other than home 的意思是“离开父母独自生活”,故选 B 项。11.According to Hoffman,which of the following is true?A.It isnt necessary for millennials
35、 to leave the nest.B.They can spend less money on their daily life.C.Moral values are changing gradually.D.Young adults are living in a different lifestyle.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“They may like living at home and being able to save money.”和最后一段内容可知,按照 Hoffman 所说,年轻人正过着一种不同的生活方式。故选 D 项。12.Whats the
36、main idea of the passage?A.Why is the number of the millennial growing steadily?B.Why has the percentage of adults living with their parents been on the rise?C.Why are parents willing to help fund for young adults?D.Why do more adults treat their parents as peers,friends and guides?答案 B解析 主旨大意题。在某种程
37、度上,几代同堂一直都是美国人生活的一部分。然而,搬回来和父母同住或从一开始就没离开过家的成年人数量正稳步上升。所以本文主题应该是 B 项“Why has the percentage of adults living with their parents been on the rise?”为什么与父母生活在一起的成年人的比例在上升?.完形填空(2018 黑龙江齐齐哈尔三模)When I was a young man I had much ego(自负).I thought I 1 everything.I looked forward to fame and success.I can e
38、ven remember once in college 2 telling one of my friends,“If only everyone listened to me,then they would all be happy.” I 3 left school,ready to take on the world.Little did I know the world was about to take on me. 7In the 4 following college,instead of success,I found struggles.I had 5 in finding
39、 work.My jobs were either temporary or were 6 badly.When my wife and I had children,we were 7 to learn that both of our sons had Autism (自闭症) and would need to be 8 for the rest of their lives.I had no 9 why this had happened to us. In time,however,I began to 10 .My ego was decreasing fast.Instead o
40、f success,I found my 11 in moments of love.Playing and 12 with my sons brought me so much happiness.My boys 13 me more about peace,patience,joy and love than I could have ever learned on my own.I began to share the 14 I learned through my writings and my life.I finally realized that my 15 in this wo
41、rld had nothing to do with fame or success. 16 ,it had everything to do with allowing love and light into my life and 17 it with everyone I could. You may not be happy 100% of the time. 18 can be in this world.Yet,you will find a joy no earthly(世俗的) 19 could ever give.Put all of your moments,days,an
42、d years to good use then. 20 them with love. 【语篇解读】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者年轻时很自负,认为自己一定会成功成名。不料毕业后不仅没有成功反而生活很困难,尤其是当听到两个儿子都有自闭症时,极度震惊。然而随着时间的推移,作者发生了变化。在与儿子的相处中找到了快乐和爱,找到了超越世俗的成功,就是好好利用你所有的时间,用爱激活它们。1.A.knew B.deservedC.possessed D.confirmed答案 A解析 考查动词。know“知道”;deserve“值得,应得”;possess“拥有”;confirm“确认,证实”。根据第一句“Wh
43、en I was a young man I had much ego(自负)”可知,“我”年轻时很自负,所以“我”认为自己什么都知道(know)。分析选项可知 A 项符合题意。2.A.calmly B.honestlyC.proudly D.eagerly答案 C解析 考查副词辨析。calmly“冷静地”;honestly“诚实地”;proudly“骄傲地,自豪地”;eagerly“热切地”。根据前文可知,“我”很自负,认为自己什么都懂,所以才会骄傲地(proudly)告诉“我”的朋友。故选 C 项。3.A.frequently B.finallyC.suddenly D.smoothly答
44、案 B解析 考查副词辨析。frequently“频繁地,屡次地”;finally“最后,终于”;suddenly“突然地”;smoothly“顺利地”。“我”最终大学毕业了,找工作。因此选 B 项。4.A.years B.monthsC.weeks D.days8答案 A解析 考查名词辨析。根据上下文可知,在大学毕业后的几年里(years),“我”没有取得成功,反而是生活得很艰难。故选 A 项。5.A.fun B.regretC.power D.trouble答案 D解析 考查固定搭配。fun“有趣”;regret“遗憾,后悔”;power“动力,能力”;trouble“麻烦,困难”。根据“i
45、nstead of success,I found struggles”。struggle“难事”,可推断出“我”找工作很困难。故选 D 项。6.A.done B.paidC.prepared D.judged答案 B解析 考查动词辨析。do“做”;pay“有报酬,领取报酬,领钱,付费”;prepare“准备”;judge“判断”。根据“My jobs were either temporary.”可知,“我”的工作要么是临时的,要么是报酬差的。分析选项只有 B 项(被付报酬)符合题意,故选 B 项。7.A.exhausted B.annoyedC.shocked D.embarrassed答
46、案 C解析 考查形容词辨析。exhausted“筋疲力尽的”;annoyed“恼怒的”;shocked“震惊的”;embarrassed“为难的,尴尬的”。根据“.learn that both of our sons had Autism(自闭症)”可知,知道两个儿子都是自闭症,一定是很震惊的(shocked)。故选 C 项。8.A.taken charge of B.paid attention toC.put up with D.taken care of答案 D解析 考查动词短语辨析。take charge of“负责”;pay attention to“注意”;put up with
47、“提出”;take care of“照顾”。根据上文可知,两个孩子都有自闭症,所以作者夫妇要照顾(take care of)他们余生,故选 D 项。9.A.belief B.hopeC.opinion D.idea答案 D解析 考查固定搭配。have no idea 为固定搭配,意为“不知道”。此句意为“我不知道为什么这事会发生在我们身上。”故选 D 项。10.A.agree B.changeC.struggle D.improve答案 B解析 考查动词辨析。agree“同意,赞成”;change“改变,变化”;struggle“努力,挣扎”;improve“提高,改善”。根据文章可知,以前“
48、我”是一个自负的人,但随着时间的推移,“我”不再自负。故可知“我”开始改变(change)了。故选 B 项。911.A.challenge B.joyC.luck D.goal答案 B解析 考查动词辨析。challenge“挑战”;joy“快乐”;luck“幸运,运气”;goal“目标”。“我”在爱的瞬间找到了快乐,故选 B 项。12.A.laughing B.toyingC.swimming D.working答案 A解析 考查动词辨析。根据后面的“和孩子一起玩带给我那么多的快乐”可知,带来快乐的还有和孩子们一起笑(laughing),故选 A 项。13.A.fetched B.brough
49、tC.prepared D.taught答案 D解析 考查动词辨析。fetch“取来”;bring“带来”;prepare“准备”;teach“教”。孩子们教给“我”的更多的是和平、耐心、欢乐和爱,这是“我”自己无法学会的。分析选项可知 D 项符合题意。14.A.theories B.contentsC.lessons D.truths答案 C解析 考查名词辨析。theory“理论”;content“内容”;lesson“课程,经验教训”;truth“事实”。根据前文说孩子们教会“我”许多东西,这是“我”自已无法学到的经验教训,可推断出通过写作“我”开始分享“我”学到的经验教训(lessons),故选 C 项。15.A.demand B.careerC.purpose D.world答案 C解析 考查名词辨析。demand“要求”;career“事业”;purpose“目的”;world“世界”。“我”终于意识到“我”在这个世界上的目的与名声和成功无关。故选 C 项。16.A.Therefore B.AgainC.Also D.Instead答案 D解析 考查副词辨析。therefore“因此”;again“再,又”;also“也,和”;
