1、1第 12 讲 读写类作文解题指导1.审题，明确题目要求。通过审题明确文章主题、写作内容、主要时态和主体人称等问题。其中主体人称，就是要确定以第几人称进行写作。 2.阅读，抓住内容要点。阅读短文，找出文章的内容要点。(1)议论文：找出论点、论据和结论。其关键是找出主题句或结论句。若文中有一分为二的观点，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。(2)记叙文：找出时间(when)，地点(where)，什么人(who)，做了什么事(what)，结果怎么样(how)等五要素。其中，最重要的要点是某人(who)做了何事(what)。若是夹叙夹议类的文章，还要加上作者的看法、观点、经验或感悟。(3)说明
2、文和新闻报道：通常会有中心句(多在首段)，写作时要注意要找出中心句，抓住关键词。对现象分析型说明文，要找出“现象” “造成这种现象的原因” “解决这种现象或问题的措施或建议” 。(4)发言稿：通常会很明确地表明观点或态度，写概要时要从发言者的言语中明确作者的态度，把握作者的写作目的。或先概括每段大意，进而归纳全文主旨。3.概括，转述作者的观点。在找出文章的内容要点后，就要用自己的话转述原文内容要点。要注意在用词或句式上做到同义替换，避免抄袭之嫌。 4.过渡，引出自己的观点。写了摘要后，用句过渡的话，再引出自己的观点(赞成或反对)或引出类似的故事。 5.例证，论证自己的观点。议论文在提出自己的观
3、点后，就用具体的事例来论证自己的观点。 记叙文编写与2阅读文章主题相同但情节不同的故事(亲身经历或虚构)。 6.结论，注意前后呼应。 7.润色，使其锦上添花。一查人称是否符合要求；二查语法方面的问题，包括用词、时态等方面的错误等，确保“语言规范” ；三查逻辑关系，看前后观点是否一致；四查是否使用一些较为高级的句型，如非谓语动词结构、with 复合结构、定语从句、倒装句型等。实战演练(一)(2018江苏)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。写作内容1.用约 30 个词概括上述利用排名(ratings)进行消费的现象；2.谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用 23 个理由或论据
4、支撑你的看法。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文 1As a major channel of consumption information，the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.Interestingly，the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.
5、I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.Firstly，the 3higher rating means the higher quality of the product，or better service.Based on the ratings，I bought my beloved backpack，saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.Secondly，ratings can save time to make decisions in shoppi
6、ng.For example，there are huge numbers of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.In that case，it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.The advantages and disadvan
7、tages of ratings are often closely related.It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.参考范文 2Nowadays，most commodities or services are rated through certain channels.These ratings，easy to access，are playing an increasingly important role in customers purchase decision.However，resul
8、ts are sometimes unsatisfactory.There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers，but they are often misleading and unreliable.As we all know，most of the ratings are based on others judgment on the product or service concerned.Every judgment comes from a specific need or a u
9、nique psychological state.Apparently，blindly following others advice will affect our own judgment.Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers.It has become a common practice for some to pay for good ratings on their
10、products or services so as to increase their sales.Therefore，we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.(二)请阅读下面短文，并按要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。A national vision report said around 500 million Chinesenearly half the population above five years oldsuffered visual impairment(损伤)
11、，450 million were nearsighted，and rates were rising.Another survey showed that about 45 per cent of the students free time was occupied with homework and video games.Reading for long periods and staring at computer screens without rest are generally thought to harm the eyes.“I began to wear glasses
12、when I was 11 years old.I spend almost all my 4time taking lessons，doing homework and playing online games.And last Friday my parents went to visit my grandmother and didnt come back home that night，so I played games until dawn， ” said Cheng Qi，a junior school student.As a response to rising levels
13、of nearsightedness among children，the Chinese government recently has announced plans to control video gaming.Regulators are directed to limit the number of new online games，restrict playing time and develop an agerestriction system in the industry，according to a statement posted on the Ministry of
14、Education website late on Thursday.写作内容1.用约 30 个单词概括上述材料的主要内容；2.用约 120 个单词谈谈你对“青少年近视”的看法，内容包括：(1)造成青少年近视的原因(至少两条)；(2)简要说明青少年应该如何保护眼睛。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文The increasingly serious problem that more and more teenagers are becoming nearsighted has
15、 aroused the authorities attention and made them adopt effective measures to protect them against being visually impaired.I think the reasons behind teenagers nearsightedness are various.Teenagers are under a heavy study load，which forces them to overuse their eyes and have little time to take outdo
16、or activities and exercise.Besides，the spread of mobile phones and other electronic devices plays an important role.Most teenagers spend too much time playing video games，and their staring at the screen for hours poses a great threat to their vision.Therefore，its urgent for us teenagers to protect o
17、ur eyes.First of all，we should keep our eyes relaxed during or after the study activities like finishing our homework or reading books for some time.Besides，we should insist on doing eye exercises every day.Furthermore，we should spend less and less time on video games.Only by doing so can we have go
18、od vision.5(三)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。He Really Loved His JobZhang Chao joined the PLA Navy in 2004 after graduating from a middle school in Yueyang，Hunan Province.He trained as a fighter jet pilot for five years and in 2009 he joined a naval aviation squadron(海军航空兵)，because flying a J15 abov
19、e the carrier was Zhang Chaos biggest wish.In March last year，Zhang passed the strict selection procedures and became a pilot in the carrierbased(舰载的)aviation force.Unfortunately，however，when landing after a routine training on his J15 on the afternoon of April 27，he gave his life because of a sudde
20、n malfunction(故障) in the flightcontrol system.As is known to all，it is full of risks to be a fighter jet pilot，especially to be a pilot in the carrierbased aviation force.But Zhang Chao was brave enough to face the challenge.He once said China must develop an aircraft carrier force to safeguard the
21、nation and our interests overseas，and that he longed to serve on a carrier，no matter how risky that would be.As his wife put it，he really loved his job.写作内容1.用约 30 个单词写出上文概要；2.用约 120 个单词阐述：(1)你对张超的英勇事迹的认识；(2)张超的英勇事迹对你的影响。写作要求1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文Zh
22、ang Chao，an excellent J15 fighter pilot，died from a sudden malfunction when he was landing.His love of his work in spite of its risks will inspire us forever.Zhang Chao has set us a good example.The great danger and a lot of risks of flying a jet did not prevent him from performing his duties.So，the
23、re is no 6reason for us not to work hard.“He really loved his job” demonstrates not only his devotion to his duties and his courage to overcome all kinds of difficulties，but his loyalty to our country as well.Zhang Chaos heroic deeds impress us deeply.As a student，we should do as he did.That is to s
24、ay，we must dedicate ourselves to our studies，and do our best to acquire necessary knowledge and skills.Only by doing so，will we be able to serve our country well in the future.(四)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。To win a national award for handwriting，especially in this digital age，is an achievement i
25、n itself.But what makes Anaya Ellick extra special is that the sevenyearold made the achievement despite having no hands.Even more amazing？The firstgrader from Chesapeake，Virginia，does not use prosthetics(假肢).The young girl who competed in the category for students with special needs had to beat 50
26、competitors to win the award.Contest director Kathleen Wright said the judges，many of whom are occupational doctors，were“just amazed” by the quality of Anayas printing.Wright says， “Her writing sample was comparable to someone who had hands.”Anayas proud parents，Bianca Middleton and Gary Ellick say
27、the young girls determination and desire to be independent became obvious when she was just a baby.Unable to hold on to her pacifier(安抚奶嘴)with her hands，she figured out how to do it by cupping her arms.As a young child，she learned to eat with a fork and build with blocks.At 5，she managed to hold a c
28、rayon or marker between her hands and draw.Though Anaya was fitted with prosthetic arms for a short time，the young girl decided she was better off with her natural ones and threw them away.写作内容1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；2.用约 120 个单词发表你的观点，内容包括：(1)上述信息对你的启示(至少两点)；(2)根据这些启示你会如何对待人生中的挫折(至少两点)。写作要求1.写作过程中不能
29、直接引用原文语句；72.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。评分标准内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。参考范文A sevenyearold girl named Anaya Ellick，who was born without hands，beat fifty competitors to win a national award for handwriting，which makes her parents proud and inspires many people.This story sets me thinking profoundly.Life can pla
30、ce a stumbling block in our way and definitely，it is always easier to give up than to hold on.However，like Anaya，constant effort yields sure success.If you pursue your goals with the courage of never giving up，you will succeed in whatever endeavor you take on.As high school students，we are bound to encounter the twists and turns of life.But when we think of those people who suffer more than us，we should be more optimistic and draw lessons from the bumps and turns along the way.Bear it in mind that we should keep going forward，even in the toughest time.
