1、专题十三 主谓一致,主谓一致是指谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致,遵循三个原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。 一、语法一致原则 主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也用复数形式。 1.当and或both.and.连接两个或三个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。 2.不定代词either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,so
2、mething,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?,3.由each,each.and each.,every,every.and every.作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl was given a new uniform. 给了每一个男孩和每一个女孩一件新校服。 4.主语后接有with,along with,together with,as well
3、as,including,besides,like,except,but等词或短语时,谓语动词的数由主语的单、复数形式决定。 Mr.Green with his wife and two daughters is coming to Beijing.格林先生将和他的夫人及两个女儿一块儿来北京。 5.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+限定词+名词复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 A number of trees were cut down.许多树木被砍倒了。 The number of the students in our c
4、lass is 32. 我们班的学生人数为32。,6.“a lot of(lots of,plenty of,a pile of,piles of,most of)+名词”和“分数或百分数+名词”等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于名词,如果是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。 Lots of people have been there.很多人去过那儿。 7.由“a pair(a kind.)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;“pairs(kinds.)+of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 A pair of sunglass
5、es is lying on the table. 一副太阳镜放在桌子上。 Fifty pairs of shoes are made each day. 每天能制作50双鞋。,8.某些只有复数形式的名词(如clothes,trousers,shorts,pants,shoes,gloves.)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 My glasses were worn out.我的眼镜坏了。 9.动词不定式或动词-ing形式作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is learning.读书就是学习。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。,二、意义一致原则 意义一致又叫概
6、念一致,即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看主语所表达的概念。 1.由and连接的两个名词作主语,如果是指同一概念,则谓语动词用单数形式。 The teacher and writer is coming to give us a talk next week.那位老师兼作家下周要给我们做报告。 2.表示金钱、价格、时间、距离、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式。 Three years is a long time.三年是一段很长的时间。,3.集体名词(如family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government.)如果强调整
7、体概念,则谓语动词用单数形式,如果强调集体中的成员,则谓语动词用复数形式。 My family are going on vacation next month. 我们一家人下个月要去度假。 My family is a small one with three people. 我家是一个有三口人的小家庭。 4.people,police,cattle等集合名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are helping a girl find her parents. 警察正在帮助女孩找她的父母。 5.one and a half的后面要接复数名词,作主语时谓语动词要用单数形
8、式。 One and a half cakes is a good meal for the monkey. 一个半蛋糕对猴子来说是一顿美餐。,三、就近一致原则 有时谓语动词的形式与靠近它的主语一致,这种原则叫就近一致原则。 1.由either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but(also).,not.but.或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语保持一致。 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle. 不但我父母而且我都盼望看到我叔叔。 2.there be.和here be.这两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数上保持一致。 There is a table with three legs in Toms room. 在汤姆的房间有一张三条腿的桌子。,
