1、12019 中考英语阅读理解：归纳主旨题（记叙文）1 段 3，段 4 中提到: If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door.段 5，段 6 提到 When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right.配合三张图片，可知谈论的都是公共场合的行为规则。故选 A。4.北京中考试题 C 篇（中）说明文全文主旨What do you do if youre stranded (处于困境的) on a lonely island? Surely
2、you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world. Your best chance of doing this is to draw the attention of a passing plane. Body signals (信号)Pilots from different countries understand body signals if they have the correct training. When you wave your arm up and down in a straight line
3、, it means “yes”. When you point downwards and swing your arm from side to side, it means “no”. If you want the pilot to know that its safe to land, push your hands out in front of you and bend (弯曲) your knees. If you want to say that its not safe to land, put your arms in the air and move them to o
4、ne side.Smoke signals The smoke from a fire can be seen from far away, so its a good way to 5draw attention. If the weather is dry, it isnt hard to start a fire. Remember, however, that fires can be very dangerous if they get out of control. Never light a fire unless youre sure that it cant spread.
5、If the ground is dark, light smoke can be seen more easily. Green grass and leaves produce light smoke.Ground-to-air signals Its a good idea to build some signals, too. Use large pieces of wood to make the symbols (标记). If you cant find any wood, use earth. Some useful symbols are:F “I need food and
6、 water.”II “I need medicine.”I “I am badly hurt.”X “I am unable to move from here.”Pilots repliesIf the pilot lowers the planes wings from side to side, this means “message received and understood”. (At night, the pilot flashes the planes green lights.) If the pilot flies the plane in a clockwise ci
7、rcle, this means “message received but not understood”. (At night, the pilot flashes the planes red lights.)However, there is no signal which means “message not received”. Why not?56. What is the passage mainly about?A. The explanation of building signals on an island.B. The importance of making sig
8、nals on an island.C. Ways of sending out signals on a lonely island.D. Ways of receiving signals from a lonely island.答案：C答题依据：段落 1 What do you do if youre stranded (处于困境的) on a lonely island? Surely you need to find a way to get in touch with the outside world.和各段小标题。故选答案 C。65.北京中考 C 篇（中）说明文全文主旨Man
9、y textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day. In fact, sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language. In a way, it isthe language of science. You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read
10、an interesting story; you should not expect to read it easily and all at once. Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together. Do not be discourages if the whole pas
11、sage dont make sense to you at first. You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it.These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult: 1. Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesnt make sense to you. 2. When a sentence doesnt make sense, g
12、o back and read it again more slowly. 3. Look for any word you dont know in the sentence. Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索). If necessary, look them up in the dictionary. 4. Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are
13、 working on. Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said. 5. Finally, read the sentence again. Try to put it into simpler words. 6. Read through the passage once. Try to understand all the hard parts well. Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed. This h
14、elps you to put all ides together.The stops sound a lot harder than they are. It is really just the normal 7way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read. After you have done the best you can this way, you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher, if you have one.56
15、. The massage is mainly about _.A. steps of studying scienceB. difficulties in reading scienceC. ways of reading science passagesD. researches on science and English 答案：C答案依据：段 1 中 You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story说明了科学性文章
16、和其他文章的区别以及阅读的难度。段 2 过渡句也是主旨句 These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult。后面给出了 6 个步骤。故选答案 C。A 的意思为“研究科学的步骤”，C 的意思为“阅读科普文章的方法”，A 用“科学”替代了“科普文章”，偷换了概念。6.北京中考试题 D 篇（中）议论文文章主旨最佳标题In the West, some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the ye
17、ar the person was bor. From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences ones personality. In the past century, a new belief ahs arisen: the idea that personality is related to ones ABO blood type. People with blood type A, for example, are considered more likely to be serious, hard-work
18、ing, and quiet, while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing, yet often unable to finish what they start. Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true.8The blood-type personality theory(理论) started in Japan in 1927 when Furukawa Takehi no
19、ticed personality similarities and differences among his workers. This idea soon went out of fashion, but was brought back by a Japanese television host named Toshitaka Nomi in the 1970s. The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries. Some young Koreans hav
20、e taken to the theory. A recent study showed 76 percent of Koreans aged between13 and 64 believing in the blood-type personality connection. Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.There is also the possibility
21、 that people are influenced to change their personality to match the expected stereotypes（思维定式）A survey of studies made in Japan over a10-year period found that while in the 1970s there was no relationship between blood type and personality, later studies in the 1980s found that the relationship inc
22、reased a littleResearchers concluded that as the belief in the stereotypes increases, people may be changing their personality to follow the blood-type theory Is the belief true? The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition(迷信). Most studies have failed to find any
23、strong connection between blood and personality. Generally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.60. What is the best title for the passage?A. Is the blood-type theory poplar?B. Is the personality changeable?C. Is it in your blood?D. Is
24、it in you mind?答案：C答题依据：段 1 提出了问题 Though this belief continues to be strong, some people question whether it is true. 段 2 介绍了这种血型和性格关联在亚洲的流行，但最后一句 Though most Asians might believe in the blood-type theory, for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously.再次说明这种关联的伪科学性；9段 3 Gene
25、rally, scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory.再次重申观点。因此文章探讨了 blood和 personality 的关联是否科学。故而选择 C。7.北京中考试题 D 篇 （中）说明文全文主旨最佳标题My summer hols wr CWOT. B4, we usd 2 go 2 NY 2C my bro, his GF its great. Schoolteachers and parents say this new for
26、m of writing is harming (破坏) the English language. Increasing spelling and grammatical mistakes can be seen in students writing. They fear the language could become corrupted (面目全非的).Everyone should just relax, say linguists (语言学家). They believe Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. David Crysta
27、l, from the University of Wales, argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again. Geoffrey Nunberg, from Stanford University, agrees. “People get better at writing by writing,” he says. “Kids who are now doing text messagi
28、ng, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.”Linguist James Milroy says, for centuries, it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language. And you can bet your bottom dollar 10that when todays teenagers become tom
29、orrows parents, they too will think this way. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”; they simply change to meet the new needs.However, Netspeakers do agree that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. Cynthia McVey says, “I can under
30、stand Netspeak worries teachers and its important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.”Perhaps we should give teenagers a little more trust anyway. Erin, age 12, says, “I wouldnt use text language i
31、n my homework. Texting is just for fun.”60. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Netspeak: A Widely-Used Language on InternetB. Is Netspeak Harming the English Language?C. Is Netspeak Helpful in Language Learning?D. Netspeak: Advantages and Disadvantages答案：B答题依据： 段 3 提出家长和老师的担忧。Schoolteache
32、rs and parents say this new form of writing is harming (破坏) the English language. 段 3， 4 提出语言学家的看法。Netspeak is in fact more of a good thing. Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”; they simply change to meet the new needs. 段 5 提出有必要教会学生标准英语的读写。However, Netspeakers do agree
33、 that it is important to teach young people how to speak and write Standard English. 故答案为 B。8.北京中考试题 C 篇（中）说明文全文主旨最佳标题The right name is important in the business world. All you have to do is 11think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and youll agree that the name and the product
34、 are connected in the everyones mind.In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law. This is so that other companies cannot make a product and, in fact, be buying something different. Businesses register a company or a product name with the government. In fact, more than 1,0
35、00 product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good example of this is. In the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations （联系）.The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples
36、of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.When a U. S company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China, it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do
37、 two things. One was to present its image（形象）in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand nameCoke. It took some efforts before finding the right word which sounds similar and translates as “happiness in the mouth”. Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand name
38、s of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers. There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names. These companies can charge （要价
39、）up to $100,000 a word for their creations. But its worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development.55. Whats the best title for the passage?A. The Business of NamesB. The Development of NamesC. The Rules of Naming BusinessD. The Methods of Choosing
40、Names12答案：A答题依据：段落 1 The right name is important in the business world.段落 2 In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law.段落 3 When a U. S company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. 三段共同的含义中有 busine
41、ss/trade/product 和 name，important。故选答案 A. 9.北京中考试题 D 篇（难）议论文(夹叙夹议)全文主旨写作意图Reading Oliver JamesAffluenza, I thought about what often happens at home. My 12-year-old daughter is in tears.“I have so take a test tomorrow. I dont understand any of it, “she cries out. After shouting and shutting her door,
42、 she calms down enough to go through her notes. The following dry I ask her how the test went and the just says“ OK, I got a nine“.“Wow. well done!“I say, before she finishes with “But I never get a ten!“According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which enco
43、urages people to think of education in terms of work and money. To test this, I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests. She looked at me as if I was thick. “Well, if I dont get good grades, I wont be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff.“I was quite surprised, because I
44、dont consider myself a pushy parent. But James suggests showing any interest in grades sends the message that what is important is results and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. He points to the Danish system（体制）of education as a better model. Creating happy citizens w
45、ho have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business.For me, I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle, recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules, yet I have lived a happy 13life. What I really needed to learn at
46、 school was how to make polite conversations, or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality.This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind. And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests, something more like
47、Tongjon. Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools. It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea, and indeed in many other school systems around the world.As the Russian poet Pushkin said, “Inspiration(灵感）is needed in geometry(几何学
48、）just as much as in poetry “,and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them .59.The writer wants to tell us that_.A.learning happily is the key to self-development.B. top marks may be helpful to increase ones interest. C. tests should be improved to giv
49、e children inspiration. D.education should meet ones needs for word and money.答案：A答题依据：段 1-3 以记叙文的形式记叙了女儿对分数的执着。段 3 According to James, this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development, which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money. 用 James 的观点说明对高分追求使人们对教育充满了功利追求。段 4 But James suggests and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright. 用 James 的观点说明这种功利追求的坏处。段 5 说明了自己不追求高分，但是过得幸福是因为在学校教育中学会了 how to make polite conversations, or how to avoid getting into debt or
