1、1中考英语：阅读理解优编题（5）含答案Passage A（2019 中考科普环保类选练）PollutionHundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didnt have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either. Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution （污染）. Water pollution has made our rivers a
2、nd lakes dirty. It kills our fish and polluted our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. Its bad to all living things in the world. Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes th
3、e polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog（烟雾）. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, they mustnt blow dirty smoke into the air. We need to do many other things. We can
4、 put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground. We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car. If there are fewer people driving, there will be less pollution. Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution. 1. Hundreds of years ago, life was much har
5、der than it is today because _. A. there were not any modern machines B. there was no modern medicine C. both A and BD. there were not many people 2. What is the biggest problem in todays life? A. Water pollution B. Air pollution 2C. Noise D. Pollution3. The most serious kind of pollution is _. A. n
6、oise pollution B. air pollutionC. water pollution D. A, B and C4. Factories must clean their water _. A. before they are thrown away B. when they are thrown away C. after it is thrown away D. before it is thrown away 5. From the passage we know that _. A. a few years ago, there was no smog at all B.
7、 today people dont have to talk to each other in a loud voice C. we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes D. people are making rules in order to fight pollution参考答案 CDBDDPassage BThe giraffe is the tallest modern land animal. It can be over 5.5 metres tall. Its neck alone may be 1.9metr
8、es long. Yet the giraffe has only seven bones in its neck, the same number as in the human. Even a small bird has many more bones in its neck than in a tall giraffe. Each bone in a giraffes neck is very long, while the bones in a human neck are small. That makes the difference. A female giraffe give
9、s birth to one baby at a time. The baby, called a calf, is about 1.9 metres tall at birth. By the age of eight it is full-grown. The giraffe eats mostly leaves. Because it has a long neck, it can reach the leaves high up on the trees.(1)In this passage the underlined word “giraffe” means _.A. 鲸鱼 B.
10、长颈鹿 C. 大象 D. 恐龙(2)The bones in a birds neck is _.3A. as big as in a humans neck B. not so big as in a giraffes neckC. many more than in a humans neck D. much smaller in a giraffes neck(3)Which of the following is true?A. A giraffe has only seven bonesB. The giraffe is the largest animal on the landC
11、. It takes eight years for a giraffe to grow upD. Most of the leaves on the trees are eaten by giraffes (4)When a giraffe is born, it is about _.A. 5.5 metres long B. 5.5 metres tall C. 1.9 metres long D. 1.9 metres tall(5)We can guess when giraffe see a tiger _.A. it will run away as fast as possib
12、le B. it will run to eat the tigerC. it will make the tiger bring it something to eatD. it will make one of the smallest animals bring the tiger something to eat解析 (1)根据下文颈长 1.9 米且是陆地动物，显然 B 是正确答案。(2)giraffe 颈骨的数量和人类颈骨数量相同，但鸟的颈骨数量比 giraffe 颈骨数量多，所以正确答案为 C。(3)这是一题细读题，文章中“By the age of eight it is ful
13、l-grown.”故选 C。(4)这也是细读题，文章中“The baby, called a calf, is about 1.9 metres tall at birth.”故选 D。(5)这一题考查常识知识，长颈鹿看到虎，当然是尽力跑开，故选 A。Passage CHave you ever seen a horse with toes(脚趾)? Millions of years ago, horses had many toes. They had four toes on each front foot. They had three toes on each back foot.
14、The horses were smaller than cats.These small horses lived in the forest. Their many toes helped the horses run over the soft wet ground.It was very hot in the forest. But the weather changed. It became cold. Many 4trees couldnt live in cold weather. The trees died and fell. Open field took the plac
15、e of(代替) forests. The sun made the ground dry and hard(坚硬).Horses began to change too.They began to get bigger.This took a long time. On the dry hard land, horses needed only their middle toes for running. Their middle toes became hard. After a long time horses had only one hard toe on each foot. We
16、 call this hard toe a hoof(马蹄). (1) Long ago, the horse had four toes on each of its _.A. back feet B. front feet C. right feet (2) The cats were _ the horses at that time.A. much bigger B. smaller than C. bigger than (3) Which of the three sentences is true?A. The weather stays the same the whole y
17、ear all over the world.B. When the weather changed, animals began to change too.C. Cats were bigger in the past than they are today. (4) On the dry hard land _.A. horses needed a lot of room for runningB. a horse needed more than four toes for runningC. horses needed only their middle toes for runni
18、ng (5) Now each horse has _ on its feet. A. one toe B. three toes C. four toes 参考答案 (1) B (2) C (3) B (4) C (5) CPassage DIf you have no special plans for your holidays, why not spend your time helping others?Some people say the young today only think of themselves. Its not true. In fact more and mo
19、re young people in the USA volunteer to spend their school holidays helping others. And they do it without reward. Here are some of their plans.*Alice Brown, 175Im going to help the Forest Center build new hiking paths in the mountains with my brother, Mike. It will be fantastic. We will spend the w
20、hole summer living in a tent and breathing the fresh air. Were going to sleep under the stars. It will be a nice spot, and we will be able to do something wonderful at the same time！*Jason Moore, 18This summer, Ill volunteer for Special House Program to build good, lowcost houses and sell them to th
21、e poor. Theyll teach me what to do, so I am going to help people and also have a chance to learn how to build houses.*Trish Anderson, 16Im going to teach children who have trouble in reading. Ill work for a program called Reading for Life. Im going to help childen choose and read books that they lik
22、e. I want to be a teacher, and I like children and reading, so it will be a great experience for me.( )1.Many young people in the USA volunteer to spend their school holidays _.A. watching TV B. playing games C. helping others D. travelling( )2. Jason Moore will volunteer to _ this summer.A. build n
23、ew hiking paths in the mountains B. build houses with Special House ProgramC. teach children who have trouble in reading D. help children choose and read books that they like( )3. Who is going to help children choose and read books that they like?A. Alice Brown. B. Jason Moore. C. Trish Anderson. D.
24、 Mike Brown.( )4. According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?A. Alice will spend the whole summer living in a tent.B. Jason will breathe the fresh air this summer.C. Trish will have a chance to go to sleep under the stars.D. Jason will build good, lowcost houses and sell them to the rich.
25、( )5.Where is the text most probably taken from?6A. A novel B. A science book C. A storybook D. A report参考答案 15 C B C A DPassage EYou may think that sailing is a difficult sport, but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand
26、 a few basic rules about the wind. First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the side?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from the be
27、hind. This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction. Then you must always keep the sail outside the boat. It should be at a 90 angle to the boat. Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side, it is blowing across the boat. In this case, you must keep the s
28、ail half way outside the boat. It should be at a 45 angle to the boat. It needs to be out far enough to catch the wind, but it shouldnt flap. If it is flapping, it is probably out too far, and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible. If you try, the sail will flap and the boat
29、will stop. You may want to go in that direction. It is possible, but you cant go in a straight line. You must go first in one direction and then in another. This is called tacking. When you are tacking, you must always keep the sail inside the boat.Come and join us!46. What should you consider first
30、 while sailing?A. Sailors strength. B. Wave levels. C. Wind directions. D. Size of sails.47. What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. The boat. B. The wind. C. The sail. D. The angle.748. What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?A. Move in a straight line. B. Allow t
31、he sail to flap.C. Lower the sail. D. Tack the boat.49. Where can you probably find the text?A. In a popular magazine. B. In a tourist guidebook.C. In a physics textbook. D. In an official report.50. Whats the main purpose for writing the passage?A. To explain how to sail well. B. To show how to sail into the wind. C. To encourage people to sail. D. To introduce 3 basic rules about the wind.参考答案 46-50 CCDAC
