1、12019年中考英语阅读理解编习题（8）附答案【能力选练】 A（2019 中考训练题）People often think of the North Pole(北极) and the South Pole as similar frozen(冰冻的)wastelands. They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there. However, the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine.The North P
2、ole has no land, only thick ice. Temperatures seldom go above 32F, at which water turns into ice. Most of the time, it stays below zero. In winter temperatures are usually as low as -30F. Although conditions were very poor, people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole. About 100 years ago
3、, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties. They reached the North Pole on March 8th, 1909. It was really a hard trip for them.There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic(北极圈) on foot. People who stayed there may
4、 face many problems: very cold temperatures, sudden storms, and even hunger. Most of the area is uninhabited. Few people can live in such a difficult place.People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year, the ice would be thick and hard. However, this is not true in the Arcti
5、c. The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water(水道) called “leads”. Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes.1This passage is probably from _.A a book review B
6、 a science bookC a school report D a computer magazine2According to the passage, what happened about 100 years ago ?A Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.2B Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32F.C The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.D The North Pole changed int
7、o thick ice because of the temperatures.3What does the underlined word “uninhabited” probably mean in Chinese?A 气候恶劣的 B 充满危险的 C 困难重重的 D 无人居住的4The reason for the ice to break into two opening lanes of water is _.A that the temperature suddenly drops B that the water under the ice is frozenC that the
8、ocean water under the ice moves D that the surface is covered with lots of ice5What does this passage mainly talk about?A The thick ice in the North Pole.B A difficult trip to the North Pole.C The real situation in the North Pole.D The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole.【解析】试题分析：本
9、文是一篇科普文，介绍了北极点的有关情况。首先指出北极和南极并不像人们想象的那么相像，接着从冰层厚、气温低等方面介绍恶劣的环境，然后插入了 100多年前两个人克服重重困难走到北极的故事，证明了北极的大部分地区无人居住。最后介绍了海水在冰下的运动常常会引起表面上许多不同的变化。1题意：这篇文章可能是从_。考查综合理解题。A. a book review 一本书评；B. a science book一本科学书；C. a school report 一则学术报告；D. a computer magazine一本计算机杂志。短文是一则科普文，根据它的体裁，应该摘自于科学书。故选B。2题意：根据这篇文章，
10、大约 100年前发生了什么？考查细节理解题。A. Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole.两个人成功地到达了北极点。根据 About 100 years ago, two men, Robert Peary and Mathew Henson, were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties.可知，说法正确，可选。B. Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32F.北极点的温度超过华氏 32度。根据原文
11、句子 Temperatures seldom go above 32F ，可知温度极少能超过华氏 32度，故说法错3误。C. The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse.北极的环境突然变得更糟了，短文没有提及，故说法错误。D. The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures.北极由于气温变化变成厚厚的冰，根据 However, this is not true in the Arctic.可知，说法错误。根据文意，可知选 A。3题意：下划线的“
12、uninhabited”这个词在汉语中是什么意思？考查词义理解题。few 一点，表否定意义。根据下文提示 Few people can live in such a difficult place.，可知很少有人能生活在这样困难的地方。故选 D。4题意：冰块断做两口水道的原因是_。考查细节理解题。A. that the temperature suddenly drops气温突然下降；B. that the water under the ice is frozen冰下的水结冰了；C. that the ocean water under the ice moves 冰下的海水移动了；D. t
13、hat the surface is covered with lots of ice 表面覆盖着很多冰。根据短文最后的内容 The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “leads”.，可知选 C。5题意：这篇文章主要讲的是什么？考查文意理解和综合理解题。A. The thick ice in the Nort
14、h Pole. 北极点厚厚的冰；B. A difficult trip to the North Pole. 艰难的北极点之行；C. The real situation in the North Pole. 北极点的实际情况；D. The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole. 北极点和南极点之间的差异。本文的主要内容就是介绍北极点的有关情况。根据文意，可知选 C。点睛：对于阅读理解题，首先要粗读文章了解大意，其次通过细读，理解全文。在粗读的基础上，仔细阅读题后所给的题目，根据题目要求，再有重点地返回来仔细阅读。在阅读理解
15、的题目中，所设问题主要有以下几种方式：找主题或概括文章的中心思想、就文中的具体事实和情节进行提问、根据文章的表层意思进行深层次的推理判断等，在细读时，要根据设问的方式，进行有侧重地阅读。1、概括文章中心思想。1)文首呈现主题句。2)文尾出现主题句。3)首尾呼应展现主题。4)文中表述主题。前面提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后再做进一步的解释。5)文章没有主题句。在这种情况下，考生要把所有的细节综合起来。进行逻辑推理，概括归纳出文章的主题句。2.掌握文章的具体事实和重要情节。在考题中，经常会见到就文章中某一具体事实和重要情节进行测试的题目。例如，第 4题，题意：
16、冰块断做两口水道的原因是_。考查细节理解题。A. that the temperature suddenly drops气温突然下降；B. that the water under the ice is 4frozen冰下的水结冰了；C. that the ocean water under the ice moves 冰下的海水移动了；D. that the surface is covered with lots of ice 表面覆盖着很多冰。根据短文最后的内容 The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause m
17、any different changes on the surface. Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water called “leads”.，可知选 C。这就要求考生在阅读时要注意辨认和记忆具体事实，重要情节，事物的起因、过程、结果及发生的地点、时间等，这些都有可能作为测试点。还有一些测试题，要求考生在理解的基础上，通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化，比如计算、排序等题型。【能力选练】 B中考英语阅读理解*外星人Shlander is a man from space. He thinks the people an
18、d things on the earth are very strange. He is now writing a letter to his friend at home. Here is part of his letter. Read it and answer the questions.Now I am in a strange world. It is very nice. There are many new things here. There are many earth monsters here, too. The earth monsters look very f
19、unny. They have just one head, two arms and two legs. They have thin black strings on their heads. Some earth monsters have brown or yellow strings. The earth monsters have a hole in their face. Every day, they put nice things and balls from the trees into the hole. They put water into the hole, too
20、. The earth monsters do not walk very fast. They move from place to pace in tin boxes.At night, the earth monsters like to look at a square window box. This box has very small earth monsters in it.根据短文内容选择正确答案。1. Shlander thinks the people and things on the earth are very _.A. strange B. nice C. dif
21、ferent D. beautiful2. Shlander thinks man on the earth is _.A. a monkey B. a earth monster C. a tin box D. a strange world53. The earth monster doesnt have _.A. heads, arms and legs B. brown or yellow strings on its head C. a hole on its face D. a swing on its body4. The earth monsters dont put _ on
22、 their holes.A. nice things B. balls C. fire D. water5. The square window box is _. A. a car or a bus B. a very small earth monster C. a TV set D. a radio答案及解析：1. A。根据 Shlander is a man from space. He thinks the people and things on the earth are very strange(Shlander是个太空人，他认为地球上的人和物非常奇怪)就能确定正确选项。2.
23、 B。根据 Now I am in a strange world. It is very nice. There are many new things here. There are many earth monsters here, too. The earth monsters look very funny(我到了一个陌生的世界中，这个世界非常优美，有许多要学的新东西，也有许多地球怪物，这些怪物看起来挺有趣)就能确定正确选项。3. D。根据 They have just one head, two arms and two legs. They have thin black str
24、ings on their heads. Some earth monsters have brown or yellow strings. The earth monsters have a hole in their face(地球怪物只有一个头，两只胳膊两条腿，头上有又黑又细的绳子，有的是棕色，有的是黄色，脸上还有一个洞)，显然，前三个选项都是人类的特征，都不能被选。4. C。根据 Every day, they put nice things and balls from the trees into the hole. They put water into the hole, to
25、o(每天他们把好东西和从树上摘下来的球放进洞里，也往洞里放水)就能确定正确选项(from )。5. C。根据 At night, the earth monsters like to look at a square window box. This box has very small earth monsters in it(夜里，地球怪物喜欢看一个方形的窗台上的花盆箱，这个箱子非常小，有地球怪物在里面)就能断定文章中的方盒子就是一台电视机。6【能力选练】 CQuestionaireRead the question and answer YES or NO, then you will
26、find out how good you are.1When you dont understand something, you ask questions.2You like listening to older people talk about the past.3You think that you can learn something interesting from everyone around you.4You are brave enough when you have to talk to people you dont know.5You enjoy reading
27、 books about famous people.6You always see and talk to different people.7You are interested in learning new ways of doing things.8You enjoy sharing experiences with friends and learning from people of all ages.9You talk a lot about yourself.10Even if you are often wrong, you make your own decisions.
28、11You hate teaching what you are good at: sports, technology, whatever.12Your parents dont understand you, so you dont talk to them much.SCORE NOW: Score 2 points if you answer YES to each of the first 8 questions, and 0 if you choose NO.Score 2 points if you answer NO to each of the last 4 question
29、s, and 0 if you choose YES.1824 You are friendly and openminded. You make people feel important by listening to what they have to say. Youll probably succeed in learning all kinds of interesting things. Good for you!1016 Remember that every single person you know can teach you something. You will gr
30、eatly make your life rich and colorful. 08 About 400 years ago, a famous writer wrote, “No man is an island”. This is still true today. Try to be more open and interested in people around you.( )1. If you say “YES”to all these questions, youll get_ points.7A. 12 B. 16 C. 20 D. 24( )2. When you score
31、 22 points, you are _.Ashy and nervous B. silent and serious C. open and friendly D. brave and strong( )3. The writer thinks you should _.Aalways see and talk to the same people Bmake your own decision whenever you wantCenjoy teaching what you are good at Dtalk much about yourselves when possible( )
32、4. “No man is an island.” in the form probably means that _.Athe famous writer was very clever Beverything is the same as 400 years agoCyou will feel lonely if on an island Dyou can not live alone in the world( )5. The questions are used to test whether you are willing to _.Alearn from others Bhelp
33、other peopleCdo all by yourself Ddepend on others参考答案 15 B C C D A 【能力选练】 D阅读下列短文，选出最佳选项。Mark began to introduce the guest speaker to the listeners, but then stopped for a while. He had forgotten her name. Barbara hid her valuable things when she went on vacation. When she came back, she couldnt rem
34、ember where shed put them.Perhaps youve had such experiences like these. Most people have. But most of them havent realized that they have a memory problem. Neither do they know a simple but important fact: Memory can be improved. If youll just accept that, the following will show you how.First, rel
35、ax. If you are over worried about something, youll forget it. If you keep telling yourself that your memory is bad, your mind will come to believe 8it and you wont remember things. When you forget something, dont follow up with saying like “Oh, my god! I always forget things!” Such words will have a
36、 bad result on you and your memory.But relaxing isnt enough. To improve your memory, youll need to take an active role. Like your body, your memory can be made strong through exercise. Look for opportunities to exercise your memory. For example, if youre learning a language, try to actively remember
37、 a lot of new words.If you dont take notice of things actively, you wont remember them. So, you can make pictures of what you see in your mind every day. For example, dont just put your keys down! If you want to find them again, make a mind picture of the place where youre putting them.1.The first t
38、wo paragraphs just tell us .ABarbara was a very rich person Bexamples of memory problems CMark often forgot his friends names Dlanguage problems of two persons2When you forget things, you _.Amust be too careless Bshouldnt take notice of the resultCmust accept the fact Dshouldnt lose heart about your
39、 memory 3The word “opportunities” in the fifth paragraph means “_.”Aplaces Bdoctors. Cchances Dpositions 4According to the passage, _ can make your memory better.Arealizing your memory problems Btalking to your friendsCdoing sports every day Dmaking mind pictures of what you see5The purpose of the passage is to help you _.Ato introduce the guest Bto improve your memory Cto remember new words Dto forget unhappy things【参考答案】15、BDCDB9
