1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULMay 2, 20111SUBJECT 8703OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORCONCENTRATOR PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES AND ASSEMBLIESIssue Number: 3MAY 2, 2011Summary of TopicsThis is the third issue of the Outline of Investigati
2、on for ConcentratorPhotovoltaic Modules and Assemblies, which includes revisions toparagraphs 1.4 and 8.7. The revisions were issued to allow for aconcentration ratio of up to 3 times for flat-plate versions of concentratorsto be evaluated to UL 1703. This was the original intent for the outlineand
3、also reflects current practice.The UL Foreword is no longer located within the UL Outline of Investigation. Forinformation concerning the use and application of the requirements contained inthis Outline of Investigation, the current version of the UL Foreword is located onULStandardsInfoNet at: http
4、:/ 2011 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULMAY 2, 2011SUBJECT 87032No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTS
5、INTRODUCTION1 Scope .52 Glossary .53 Units of Measurement .84 Undated References 85 Application Classes .86 Components 9CONSTRUCTION7 General 98 Polymeric Materials 119 Current Carrying Parts and Internal Wiring 1310 Wireways 1311 Connection Means 1312 Bonding and Grounding .1313 Spacings 1314 Wirin
6、g Compartments and Supply Connections .1315 Corrosion Resistance .1416 Accessibility of Uninsulated Live Parts .1417 Fire Resistance .1418 Frame and Enclosure .1419 Protection of Service Personnel 1420 Electric Shock 1421 Switches and Controls .1522 Disconnect Devices .1523 Separation of Circuits .1
7、524 Isolated Accessible Signal Circuits 1525 Control Circuits .1526 Over Current Protection .1527 Printed-Wiring Boards .16PERFORMANCE28 General 1629 Visual Inspection .2130 CPV Electrical Parameters .2231 CPV Temperature Test 2332 Electrical Insulation Test .3132.1 Leakage current test 3132.2 Diele
8、ctric voltage-withstand test 3233 Wet Insulation Resistance Test .3334 Strain-Relief Test .3435 Push Test 3436 Cut Test .3537 Bonding Path Resistance Test .3738 Reverse Current Overload Test .3739 Terminal Torque Test .3840 Impact Test 38MAY 2, 2011 SUBJECT 8703 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZ
9、ED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL41 Fire Tests 3941.1 General .3941.2 Spread-of-flame test 3941.3 Burning-brand test 4042 Water Spray Test .4043 Accelerated-Aging Test 4444 Temperature Cycling Test .4545 Damp Heat Test 4646 Humidity Freeze Cycling Test 4747 Corros
10、ive Atmosphere Test 4847.1 Salt spray test .4847.2 Moist carbon dioxide/sulphur .4848 Metallic Coating Thickness Test 4849 Hot Spot Endurance Test 4850 Mechanical Loading Test 4851 Wiring Compartment Securement Test 4952 Bypass/Blocking Diode Thermal Test 4953 Off-Axis Beam Damage Test .4954 Ultravi
11、olet Conditioning Test .5055 Outdoor Exposure Test 50RATINGS56 Details .51MARKINGS AND INSTRUCTIONS57 General Markings .5158 Installation and Assembly Instructions .53MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS59 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test .5460 Grounding Continuity Test .55APPENDIX AStandards for Com
12、ponentsA1MAY 2, 2011SUBJECT 87034UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 These requirements cover concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules and assemblies that concentratelight on a target PV cell(s) for use in gen
13、eral and restricted areas in accordance with the units installationinstructions. A CPV module is defined as any photovoltaic module which uses artificially elevated levels(i.e. concentrated) of solar irradiance to produce electrical energy.1.2 These requirements address concentrator photovoltaic (CP
14、V) modules and assemblies intended forinstallation in accordance with their installation instructions on or integral with buildings, or to befreestanding (i.e. ground mounted or otherwise not attached to buildings), in accordance with the NationalElectrical Code, NFPA 70, and model building codes.1.
15、3 The installation class for CPV modules and assemblies identifies the intended installation location aseither general access areas designated “General,” or restricted access areas designated “Restricted.”General access units are able to be installed in open areas that may be contacted by the genera
16、l public.Restricted access units are to be installed in areas that prevent general public access such as a lockedand fenced in area.1.4 These requirements cover CPV modules and assemblies intended for use in systems with amaximum system voltage of 1500 V.Exception: CPV modules that are constructed i
17、n the flat plate module format as defined by the Standardfor Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels, UL 1703, and with a concentration ratio of no more than3 times shall be evaluated in accordance with all of the requirements in UL 1703.2 Glossary2.1 ARTIFICIALLY CONCENTRATED SOLAR IRRADIANCE (A
18、CSI) Any artificially (i.e. man made)elevated level of solar irradiance (examples: lenses, reflectors, etc.)2.2 AIR MASS (AM) A dimensionless quantity, the ratio of the actual path length of radiation throughthe atmosphere to the vertical path length of radiation through the atmosphere to sea level.
19、 At sea level,for all but very high zenith angles (qz) (the angle subtended by the zenith and the line of sight to thesun).2.3 BLOCKING DIODE A diode used to block reverse current into a photovoltaic-source circuit.2.4 BYPASS DIODE A diode connected across one or more cells, modules, or assemblies i
20、n theforward current direction to allow current to bypass such cells, modules, or assemblies.2.5 BARRIER A part inside an enclosure that reduces access to a part that involves a risk of fire,electric shock, injury to persons, or electrical energy-high current levels.2.6 CLASS 2 TRANSFORMER A step-do
21、wn transformer complying with the applicable requirementsin the Standard for Class 2 and Class 3 Transformers, UL 1585.2.7 CONCENTRATOR The term associated with photovoltaic devices that use concentrated sunlight.MAY 2, 2011 SUBJECT 8703 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTI
22、ON ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL2.8 CONCENTRATOR ASSEMBLY A group of receivers, optics, and other related components, suchas interconnection and mounting, that accepts unconcentrated sunlight. All of these components wouldusually be shipped separately and need some field installation, an
23、d the focus point is field adjustable.An assembly could be made of several subassemblies. The subassembly is a physically stand-alone,smaller portion of the full-size assembly.2.9 CONCENTRATOR CELL A basic photovoltaic device that converts ACSI (ArtificiallyConcentrated Solar Irradiance) to electric
24、al energy.2.10 CONCENTRATOR MODULE A group of receivers, optics, and other related components, suchas interconnection and mounting, that accepts unconcentrated sunlight. All of these components areusually prefabricated as one unit, and the focus point is not field adjustable. A module could be made
25、ofseveral sub-modules. The sub-module is a physically stand-alone, smaller portion of the full-sizemodule.2.11 CONCENTRATOR OPTICS An optical device that performs one or more of the followingfunctions from its input to output: increasing the light intensity, filtering the spectrum, modifying lightin
26、tensity distribution, or changing light direction. Primary optics receive unconcentrated sunlight directlyfrom the sun. Secondary optics receive concentrated or modified sunlight from another optical device,such as primary optics or another secondary optics.2.12 CONCENTRATOR RECEIVER A group of one
27、or more concentrator cells and secondary optics(if present) that accepts concentrated sunlight and incorporates the means for thermal and electricenergy transfer. A receiver could be made of several sub-receivers. The sub-receiver is a physicallystandalone, smaller portion of the full-size receiver.
28、2.13 CONCENTRATOR REPORTING CONDITIONS (CRC) The conditions of 900 W/m2DNI, AM1.5, and 20C ambient temperature.2.14 CONTROL CIRCUIT A circuit that carries electric signals and not main power, voltage orcurrent.2.15 CREEP Creep, as function.2.16 ENCLOSURE A part of the product constructed to provide
29、a degree of protection against:a) The accessibility of a part that potentially involves a risk of fire, electric shock or injury topersons, orb) The risk of propagation of flame, sparks, and molten metal initiated by an electricaldisturbance occurring within.2.17 FIELD-WIRING LEAD A lead to which a
30、supply, load, or other wire is intended to be connectedby an installer.2.18 FIELD-WIRING TERMINAL A terminal to which a supply, load, or other wire is intended to beconnected by an installer.2.19 GROUNDED CONDUCTOR A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded.2.20 HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE A
31、ny voltage which posses a risk of electric shock.2.21 HAZARDOUS ENERGY Any energy above limited energy levels.MAY 2, 2011SUBJECT 87036UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL2.22 INTERCONNECT A conductor within a unit that provides a m
32、echanism for conducting electricitybetween cells.2.23 KNOCKOUT A portion of the wall of an enclosure so fashioned that it is capable of beingreadily removed by ordinary tools at the time of installation in order to provide an opening or hole forthe attachment of an auxiliary device, raceway, cable,
33、or fitting.2.24 LOW-VOLTAGE, LIMITED-ENERGY (LVLE) CIRCUIT A circuit involving a voltage of not morethan those specified in Section 20, Electric Shock, and supplied by:a) An inherently limited Class 2 transformer or a not inherently limited Class 2 transformer andan overcurrent protective device tha
34、t is:1) Not of the automatic reclosing type,2) Trip-free from the reclosing mechanism, and3) Not readily interchangeable with a device of a different rating or the device ismarked in accordance with “WARNING For Continued Protection Against Risk OfFire, Replace Only With Same Type And Ratings Of Fus
35、e.” or the equivalent.b) A combination of an isolated transformer secondary winding and one or more resistors or aregulating network complying with Section 29.11 of theStandard for Inverters, Converters,Controllers and Interconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy Resources,UL 174
36、1, that complies with all the performance requirements for an inherently limited Class 2transformer or power source; orc) A battery that is isolated from the primary circuit or a combination of a battery, including thebattery charging circuit of a unit that is isolated from the primary circuit, and
37、one or moreresistors or a regulating network complying with Section 29.11 of UL 1741.2.25 MAXIMUM SYSTEM VOLTAGE The sum of the maximum open-circuit voltages of themaximum number of units to be connected in series in a system.2.26 RISK OF FIRE A risk of fire is considered to exist at any two points
38、in a circuit where:a) The open circuit voltage is more than 42.4 V peak and the energy available to the circuitunder any condition of load including short circuit, results in a current of8Aormore after 1minute of operation, orb) A power of more than 15 watts can be delivered into an external resisto
39、r connected betweenthe two points.2.27 REPRESENTATIVE TEST SAMPLES FOR CPV In the case that a full-size module orassembly is too large and/or impractical to fit into available testing equipment, such as environmentalchambers, a smaller representative sample may be used. Representative samples should
40、 include allcomponents, except some repeated parts. If possible, the representative samples should use sub-receivers, sub-modules, or subassemblies. During the design and manufacturing of the representativesamples, much attention should be paid to reach the maximum similarity to the full-size compon
41、ent inall electrical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics related to quality and reliability. Specifically, thecell string in representative samples should be long enough to include at least two bypass diodes, but inno case less than ten cells. The encapsulations, interconnects, terminations, an
42、d the clearanceMAY 2, 2011 SUBJECT 8703 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULdistances around all edges should be the same as on the actual full-size products. Other representativecomponents, including lens/housing joints, receiver
43、/housing joints, and end plate/lens should also beincluded and tested.2.28 REVERSE CURRENT Current flowing in a reverse direction to the normal direction resultingfrom a normally illuminated PV module, resulting in a reversed polarity on the PV cell or device.3 Units of Measurement3.1 Values stated
44、without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.4 Undated References4.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this Outline ofInvestigation shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that c
45、ode or standard.5 Application Classes5.1 Concentrator modules and assemblies may be installed in many different applications. Therefore, it isimportant to evaluate the potential hazards associated with those applications and to evaluate theconstruction of the module or assembly accordingly. Relevant
46、 safety requirements and necessary testsshall be performed to verify the conformance to the requirements of that application class. This clausedefines those application classes and construction qualities required for each class. Application classesfor concentrator modules are defined as follows:a) C
47、lass A: General access, hazardous voltage, hazardous energy applications - Modules ratedfor use in this application class may be used in systems operating at greater than 30 V DC.b) Class B: Restricted access, hazardous voltage, hazardous energy applications - Modulesrated for use in this applicatio
48、n class are restricted to systems protected from public access byfences, location, etc.c) Class X: Restricted access, hazardous voltage, hazardous energy applications withadditional flame or concentrated light hazards - Modules rated for use in this application classare restricted to systems protect
49、ed from public access by fences, location, etc. Additionallymodules in this application class incorporate an unmitigated fire or concentrated light hazardand must be installed over a non combustible surface.d) Class C: Limited voltage - Modules rated for use in this application class are restricted tosystems operating at less than 30 V DC.MAY 2, 2011SUBJECT 87038UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL6 Compon
