1、August 28,2001 1 SUBJECT 2162 OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATION FOR COMMERCIAL WOOD-FIRED BAKING OVENS - REFRACTORY TYPE Issue Number: 2 AUGUST 28,2001 COPYRIGHT O 1994, 2001 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. 2 SUBJECT 2162 AUGUST 28,2001 No Text on This Page AUGUST 28. 2001 SUBJECT 2162 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD 6 I
2、NTRODUCTION 1 Scope . 7 2.4 Terminology 3 Glossary . 8 4 Installation and Operating Instructions . 8 4.1 General . 8 4.2 Installation instructions 9 4.3 Operating instructions 1 0 CONSTRUCTION 5 Materials 12 6 Assembly . 13 7 Joints 14 8 Support Assembly . 14 9 Ventilation Openings 14 PERFORMANCE 10
3、 General 15 11 Test Installations 16 11 . 1 General . 16 11.2 Enclosure . 16 11.3 Exhaust hood 16 11.4 Wood storage 19 12 Temperature Measurement 19 13 Fire Tests 24 14 Rapid Fire Test . 29 15 Normal Operation Fire Test 30 16 Abnormal Operation Fire Test 31 17 Flame Spillage Fire Test 18.1 General 1
4、9 Thermal Conductivity . 34 23 Marking Permanence Tests 38 23.1 General . 38 23.2 Air oven - aging test 39 23.3 Humidity test . 39 SUBJECT 2162 AUGUST 28,2001 4 23.4 Unusual condition exposure test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39 APPEND
5、IX A Standards for Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AI 5 SUBJECT 2162 AUGUST 28,2001 No Text on This Page 6 SUBJECT 2162 AUGUST 28,2001 FOREWORD A. This Outline of Investigation contains basic requir
6、ements for products covered by Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) under its Follow-Up Service for this category within the limitations given below and in the Scope section of this Outline of Investigation. They are subject to revision as further experience and investigation may show is necessary or
7、 desirable. B. The observance of these requirements by a manufacturer is one of the conditions of the continued coverage of the manufacturers product. C. A product which complies with the text of this Outline of Investigation will not necessarily be judged to comply with the Outline of Investigation
8、 if, when examined and tested, it is found to have other features which impair the level of safety contemplated by these requirements. D. A product that contains features, characteristics, components, materials, or systems new or different from those covered by the requirements in this Outline of In
9、vestigation, and that involves a risk of fire or of electric shock or injury to persons shall be evaluated using appropriate additional component and end-product requirements to maintain the level of safety as originally anticipated by the intent of this Outline of Investigation. A product whose fea
10、tures, characteristics, components, materials, or systems conflict with specific requirements or provisions of this Outline of Investigation does not comply with this Outline of Investigation. Revision of requirements shall be proposed and adopted in conformance with the methods employed for develop
11、ment, revision, and implementation of this Outline of Investigation. E. UL, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake to discharge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of UL represent its professional j
12、udgement given with due consideration to the necessary limitations of practical operation and state of the art at the time the Outline of Investigation is processed. UL shall not be responsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Outline of Investigation by anyone. UL shall not incur any
13、obligation or liability for damages, including consequential damages, arising out of or in connection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Outline of Investigation. F. Many tests required by the Outline of Investigations of UL are inherently hazardous and adequate safeguards for pe
14、rsonnel and property shall be employed in conducting such tests. AUGUST 28,2001 SUBJECT 2162 7 INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1 .I These requirements apply to commercial wood-fired ovens intended for use by commercial establishments for the purpose of cooking or baking food products utilizing solid wood fuel.
15、 These ovens utilize as their primary enclosure, refractory materials. 1.2 For the purposes of this outline: a) It is anticipated the ovens described in 1.1 will be vented by an exhaust hood as covered by the Standard for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations, NFPA
16、 96, or an exhaust hood tested for compliance with the requirements in the Standard for Exhaust Hoods for Commercial Cooking Equipment, UL 710. b) Minimum exhaust hood size including minimum height, depth, and length of the hood as well as minimum hood overhangs, minimum exhaust air flows, and maxim
17、um hood height above the oven shall be established as part of the investigation. c) The seismic stability of the oven and support system is not anticipated in this document. 1.3 The wood-fired baking ovens as covered by these requirements are intended for installation in accordance with the National
18、 Electrical Code, NFPA 70, and other codes such as the Basic National Mechanical Code (BOCA), the Standard Mechanical Code (SBCCI), and the Uniform Mechanical Code (ICBO). The exhaust hoods referenced in these requirements are intended for installation in accordance with the Standard for Ventilation
19、 Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations, NFPA 96. 2 General 2.1 Components 2.1 .I Except as indicated in 2.1.2, a component of a product covered by this outline shall comply with the requirements for that component. 2.1.2 A component is not required to comply with a specific re
20、quirement that: a) Involves a feature or characteristic not in the application of the component in the product covered by this outline or b) Is superseded by a requirement in this outline. 2.1.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions of use. 2
21、.1.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance capabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certain temperatures not exceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions. 8 SUBJE
22、CT 2162 AUGUST 28,2001 2.2 Units of measurement 2.2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. 2.2.2 Unless otherwise indicated, all voltage and current values mentioned in this outline are root-mean-square (rms). 2.3 Un
23、dated references 2.3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this outline shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 2.4 Terminology 2.4.1 Use of the term ”product” in these requirements refers to all wood-fired ovens or a
24、ny part thereof covered by these requirements unless specifically noted otherwise. 3 Glossary 3.1 For the purpose of this outline the following definitions apply. 3.2 COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL, NONCOMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL - The terms used in this outline are defined in the Standard Glossary of Terms Relating
25、 to Chimneys, Vents, and Heat-Producing Appliances, NFPA 97. 3.3 WOOD-FIRED OVEN - A factory- or field-assembled oven intended to cook products utilizing solid wood fuels only. 4 Installation and Operating Instructions 4.1 General 4.1.1 The installation and operating instructions may be either in a
26、single or separate manual, and shall be packaged with an essential part of the product (for example, the oven floor). 4.1.2 The instructions may be numbered. In the list of items the first shall be ”READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE INSTALLING AND USING THE APPLIANCE,” and the last shall be ”SAVE THESE I
27、NSTRUCTIONS.” When separate installation and operating manuals are provided, these statements shall appear in both manuals. 4.1.3 The instructions shall make reference to the manufacturers or private labelers catalog designations, or the equivalent, of the oven and related parts, and shall include t
28、he manufacturers or private labelers name and address. All specified WARNING and CAUTION statements in this section shall be in bold face uppercase letters. AUGUST 28,2001 SUBJECT 2162 9 4.1.4 To verify the viability of the instructions, the oven is to be trial-installed during the investigation as
29、described in the instructions to determine that the installation is feasible, that the instructions are adequate for detailed and accurate installation, and that the intended use of the product does not introduce a risk of fire or injury to persons. 4.1.5 The installation and operating instructions
30、required to be provided with the product shall be furnished with the sample submitted for investigation and shall be used as a guide in the examination and tests of the oven. The instructions need not be in final printed form for the investigation. 4.2 Installation instructions 4.2.1 Installation in
31、structions shall be illustrated and include directions and information necessary to complete the intended installation of the product. 4.2.2 The installation instructions shall include particular details concerning: a) Illustrations, directions, and information necessary to complete the intended ins
32、tallation of the oven and related parts. b) The parts required and the step-by-step procedure for installing the oven including methods of supporting the oven, maintaining required clearances to walls and ceiling, and providing for wood storage. c) The method of joining two or more parts to constitu
33、te the intended assembly, and the like. d) The methods and parts to be used for maintaining ventilation and air circulation where required. e) The following statement in minimum 1/4-inch (6.4-mm) high boldface uppercase letters, shall be included on the cover page of the installation and maintenance
34、 instructions ”A MAJOR (AIR SPACES) TO COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS. IT IS OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE THAT THIS OVEN BE INSTALLED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THESE INSTRUCTIONS.” CAUSE OF OVEN-RELATED FIRES IS FAILURE TO MAINTAIN REQUIRED CLEARANCES f) Installation of the exhaust hood in accordance with the Standard
35、 for Ventilation Control and Fire Protection of Commercial Cooking Operations, NFPA 96. g) Limitations with regard to installation joining of two or more parts to constitute the intended assembly, and the required installation clearances (air spaces to combustible materials such as the walls and cei
36、ling). h) A warning against the placement of any type of insulation in the required clearance spaces surrounding the oven. i) The recommended method of oven cleaning and the method of access for the inspection and cleaning of all sections of the oven. j) The minimum hearth extension areas to be cove
37、red with relationship to the door opening of the oven for combustible floors. At least the following areas shall be specified: 1) 30 inches (762 mm) to each side of the door opening. 2) 36 inches (914 mm) in front of the door opening. 10 SUBJECT 2162 AUGUST 28,2001 k) Shall contain the following sta
38、tements: 1) The word WARNING ” and ”Do not pack required air spaces with insulation or other materials.” 2) When this oven is not properly installed, a fire may result. To reduce the risk of fire, follow the installation instructions.” 3) ”Please read this entire manual before you install the oven.
39、Failure to follow instructions may result in property damage, bodily injury, or even death.” I) When the curing of the refractories is not done as part of the manufacturing process, the manufacturers recommended curing process shall be specified. m) The method of sealing openings between combustible
40、s and the oven shall be specified. n) Methods of and recommendations for wood storage shall be specified. 4.2.3 The installation instructions shall include a statement advising the installer to contact local building or fire officials concerning any installation restrictions or need for inspection o
41、f the oven installation. 4.3 Operating instructions 4.3.1 The operating instructions required for each oven assembly are to be used as a guide during the examination and tests of the wood-fired ovens. The instructions need not be in final printed form for the investigation. 4.3.2 The operating instr
42、uctions shall include particular details concerning: a) Operation with doors, when doors are provided with the oven. When the oven has been tested with doors, the instructions shall include the manufacturers specific part number for doors that may be used. When the oven has not been tested with door
43、s, the instructions shall include the word WARNING ” and the following or equivalent statement: ”This oven has not been tested for use with doors. To reduce the risk of fire or injury, do not install doors. ” b) Operation with doors to include a diagram and the word WARNING ” and the following or eq
44、uivalent statement: ”Ovens equipped with doors should be operated only with the doors fully opened or doors fully closed. When doors are left partly open, gas and flame may be drawn out of the oven opening, creating the risk of both fire and smoke. ” Exception: This warning may be omitted when gas a
45、nd flame are determined not to be drawn out of the oven when the doors are in any possible open position during the performance tests in this outline. c) Instructions to the oven operator shall refer to the exhaust hood manufacturers recommendations for inspection, maintenance, and cleaning. d) Refe
46、rence to the formation and removal of creosote build-up in the oven and exhaust hood with the following statement or the equivalent: AUGUST 28,2001 SUBJECT 2162 11 ”Creosote - Formation and need for removal. When wood is burned slowly, it produces tar and other organic vapors that combine with expel
47、led moisture to form creosote. The creosote vapors condense in a relatively cool oven flue and exhaust hood of a slow burning fire. As a result, creosote residue accumulates on the flue lining and exhaust hood. When ignited, this creosote makes an extremely hot fire. The oven flue should be inspecte
48、d at least twice a year to determine when creosote buildup has occurred. When creosote has accumulated, it should be removed to reduce risk of fire.” e) Recommendations on building and maintaining the fire, and warnings against over-firing. f) Caution against the storage or use of flammable liquids,
49、 with the following statement or the equivalent: ”Never use gasoline, gasoline-type lantern fuel, kerosene, charcoal lighter fluid, or similar liquids to start or freshen up a fire in this oven. Keep all such liquids well away from the oven when in use. ” g) Clearance in front of the oven to combustible materials. h) Disposal of ashes, including the following statement or the equivalent: ”Disposal of ashes - Ashes should be placed in a metal container with a tight-fitting lid. The closed container of ashes should be placed on a non-combustible floor or on the ground, well away fro
