1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL 2802 Performance Testing of Camera Image QualityUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZ
2、ED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL UL Standard for Performance Testing of Camera Image Quality, UL 2802 First Edition, Dated September 20, 2013 Summary of Topics This revision of UL 2802 is being issued to update the test procedures. The requirements are substanti
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9、ER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL JULY 16, 2014 UL 2802 tr2 No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 (Title Page Reprinted: July 16, 2014) 1 UL 2802 Standard for Performa
10、nce Testing of Camera Image Quality First Edition September 20, 2013 This UL Standard for Safety consists of the First Edition including revisions through July 16, 2014. Comments or proposals for revisions on any part of the Standard may be submitted to UL at any time. Proposals should be submitted
11、via a Proposal Request in ULs On-Line Collaborative Standards Development System (CSDS) at http:/. ULs Standards for Safety are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed nor electronic copy of a Standard should be altered in any way. All of ULs Standards and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regardi
12、ng those Standards shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL. COPYRIGHT 2014 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 PERFORMANCE TESTING OF CAMERA IMAGE QUALITY - UL 2802 2 No
13、 Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Scope .4 2 Undated References 4 3 Terminology 5 PERFORMANCE 4 General 6 5 Individual Performance Score Per Tests 7 6 Video Camera Test .7 6.1 Image res
14、olution 7 6.2 Field of view conrmation 7 6.3 Signal to noise ratio .8 6.4 TV distortion .8 6.5 Relative illumination .9 6.6 Dynamic range .9 6.7 Maximum frame rate .10 6.8 Grey level 10 6.9 Sensitivity 11 6.10 Bad pixel 12 6.11 Veiling glare .13 6.12 Markings 13 7 Video Camera Test Method .13 7.1 Im
15、age resolution test .13 7.2 Field of view test 15 7.3 Signal to noise ratio test 16 7.4 TV distortion test 18 7.5 Relative illumination test 19 7.6 Dynamic range test 21 7.7 Frame rate test 23 7.8 Grey level test 25 7.9 Sensitivity test 27 7.10 Bad pixel test 29 7.11 Veiling glare test .30 8 Referen
16、ces 32 APPENDIX A EXAMPLE IMAGES A1 Example of Camera Scoring Shown in Chart Format .A1 A2 Examples of Individual Test Score Achieved and Potential Use Case Scenarios .A1 A3 Examples of Resolution Test Image A3 A4 Examples of Distortion Test Image .A3 A5 Examples of Dynamic Range Test Images A5 A6 E
17、xamples of Sensitivity Test Images A6 A7 Examples of Veiling Glare Test Images .A8 SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 PERFORMANCE TESTING OF CAMERA IMAGE QUALITY - UL 2802 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL INTRODUCTION 1 Scope 1.1 This standa
18、rd denes a method to determine video camera digital image quality ratings through a series of performance based tests that are conducted on production camera units. 1.2 The camera images analyzed for this test program are digital images that are generated by individual video frames or still image ca
19、ptures. 1.3 Each camera tested will achieve a Performance Score for each of the individual tests (except Signal to Noise Ratio and Field of View), based on the test data generated. 1.4 Typical applications of this document applies to security video cameras, digital video cameras and or analog camera
20、s with associated digital encoders and related image viewing / conguration software, as applicable. 1.5 The safety requirements that apply to cameras covered by this standard are dened in Section 4. 1.6 Section 6 of this standard denes the test criteria and Section 7 denes the test methods used. 1.7
21、 The suitability of the camera for a specic use case is not determined by this standard. The resulting test scores are intended to provide objective information that will be useful when determining camera use applications (i.e. a camera that performs well in sensitivity and grey level tests may be a
22、 good choice for low light use cases). 1.8 This standard performs an evaluation on a specic camera conguration that utilize image sensors, processors and software, operating system, lens, camera housing / body and the like. Changes to any of the cameras critical components may require reconducting t
23、he performance tests for each camera conguration. 2 Undated References 2.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard. 2.2 Values stated without parentheses are the requir
24、ement. Values in parentheses are explanatory or approximate information. SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 PERFORMANCE TESTING OF CAMERA IMAGE QUALITY - UL 2802 4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 3 Terminology 3.1 For the purpose of this stan
25、dard, the following denitions apply. 3.2 ALIASING The effect of different video signals that are being sampled becoming indistiguishable from each other. 3.3 APERTURE STOP An aperture in an optical system is an opening in the optical path. The aperture in a digital camera controls the amount of ligh
26、t reaching the image sensor. In the case when an optical system has a variable aperture, the aperture will have a number of aperture stops, which refer to the opening size of the aperture. In photography, one aperture stop refers to an aperture area ratio of two, which is equivalent to light intensi
27、ty ratio of two. The aperture stop is also referred as “Optical Stop” or “Stop”. 3.4 CENTERED PROCESS (Cp) Assuming that the process output has a normal distribution, Cp estimates what the process is capable of producing if the process mean were to be centered between the specication limits. 3.5 CRI
28、TICAL COMPONENTS Components of the camera that when changed or replace will have an effect on the safety or performance of the camera. Examples include but are not limited to: image sensors, processors and viewing software, operating system, lens, camera housing / body and the like. 3.6 DARK ROOM EN
29、VIRONMENT An environment that can be made completely dark with controllable lighting conditions for light intensity and other optical measurements. A darkroom environment is 0.001 lux or 1/10 of the lowest light sensitivity test level detectable by the camera. 3.7 FULL SCALE SIGNAL Maximum pixel val
30、ue for each type of image format. For example an 8 bit image format has a pixel value range of 0-255. The full scale value for this format is 255. 3.8 LINE PAIRS PER PICTURE HEIGHT (LP/PH) A unit of measure of video camera resolution. 3.9 MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION (MTF) The magnitude component of
31、 OTF. 3.10 OPTICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION (OTF) The most detailed measure of the resolution of an optical imaging system. 3.11 PROCESS CAPABILITY INDEX (Cpk) An index that measures an adjustment of Cp for a non- centered distribution. 3.12 SATURATION Overly bright colors or grey levels which result in lo
32、ss of details of a target image. A saturated digital image would be at maximum full scale (see 3.7). 3.13 SPATIAL FREQUENCY RESPONSE (SFR) A measure of MTF. 3.14 WHITE BALANCE (WB) White balance refers to the process of adjusting colors in an image to be as accurate as possible relative to what appe
33、ars to the human eye. SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 PERFORMANCE TESTING OF CAMERA IMAGE QUALITY - UL 2802 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL PERFORMANCE 4 General 4.1 In addition to the performance requirements contained within this stand
34、ard, the product shall comply with the applicable safety requirements contained within one or more of the following standards as applicable: a) Standard for Information Technology Equipment, Safety Part 1: General Requirements, UL 60950-1, or b) Standard for Audio, Video, and Similar Electronic Appa
35、ratus Safety Requirements, UL 60065, or c) Standard for Audio / Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment Part 1: Safety Requirements, UL 62368-1, or d) Standard for Commercial Closed Circuit Television Equipment, UL 2044. 4.2 Outdoor use requirements are detailed in the Standard for
36、 Information Technology Equipment Safety Part 22: Equipment to be Installed Outdoors, UL 60950-22. 4.3 Operating parameters such as supply voltage, input/output circuit parameters, normal operating temperature, and storage temperature are specied by the manufacturer. 4.4 Products intended for use in
37、 air-handling spaces in accordance with Section 300.22 (C) of the National Electrical Code, NFPA 70, must meet the requirements of the Standard for Fire Test for Heat and Visible Smoke Release for Discrete Products and Their Accessories Installed in Air-Handling Spaces, UL 2043. 4.5 The camera must
38、be congured for optimum results for each test. For example, this includes setting the camera to full resolution, optimizing exposure and gain during each test program. The test lab shall record the camera settings for each test. 4.6 The manufacturers image viewing / conguration software must be util
39、ized for capturing images for the test program. The software is considered a critical aspect of image quality measured during the tests. 4.7 Camera congurations that utilize different image sensors, processors and software, operating system, lens, camera housing / body and the like may require condu
40、cting the performance tests for each camera conguration. SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 PERFORMANCE TESTING OF CAMERA IMAGE QUALITY - UL 2802 6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 5 Individual Performance Score Per Tests 5.1 Results of video
41、camera image quality tests are designated by scores which range from 0 100 for each test. 0 being the lowest level of performance and 100 being the highest level of performance. Because of dynamic variables such as lighting conditions and viewing angles associated with Field of View Conrmation (see
42、Section 6.2) and Signal to Noise Ratio (see Section 6.3) Tests, individual performance scores are not associated with these two tests. 6 Video Camera Test 6.1 Image resolution 6.1.1 This specication measures the image resolution at the lens hyper focal distance (also see Image Resolution Test, Secti
43、on 7.1 and Appendix example, A3). The overall resolution score is calculated by averaging the resolution score at the center and the four corners of the image resolution target. 6.1.2 The equation to calculate the resolution score is: Resolution score = t / 2 0-5 6.1.3 t is the measured resolution i
44、n LP/PH. The following table illustrates the relation between the measured resolution and the performance rating values at MTF 50. Table 1 Examples of calculated image resolution score Performance score Measured resolution Note 100 2100 LP/PH MTF50 75 1600 LP/PH MTF50 50 1100 LP/PH MTF50 25 600 LP/P
45、H MTF50 0 100 LP/PH MTF50 6.2 Field of view conrmation 6.2.1 Because the lens parameters vary signicantly at different viewing angles for variable optical zoom lens, it is necessary to specify the lens parameters for a given viewing angle for this test. Therefore, it is important to measure the eld
46、of view before measuring other camera performance parameters. 6.2.2 For cameras with variable zoom lenses, images shall be captured at a single specied zoom value per the manufacturer, and analyzed for the eld of view. The camera performance shall be measured and rated for the specic viewing angle u
47、tilized for the test. Cameras may be tested and analyzed at multiple zoom values and the Field of View rating is designated at each zoom value as identied by the manufacturer. 6.2.3 The eld of view is calculated with the following equation: SEPTEMBER 20, 2013 PERFORMANCE TESTING OF CAMERA IMAGE QUAL
48、ITY - UL 2802 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL 6.2.4 Where q is the video camera eld of view, d is the distance between the video camera and the test target, w is the width of the test target. 6.2.5 Since eld of view is based
49、 on use cases, the eld of view conrmation does not obtain an independent performance score considered by this standard. The eld of view parameter is recorded for distortion, sensitivity, and resolution tests. 6.3 Signal to noise ratio 6.3.1 The purpose of this test is to quantitatively measure the grey level related performance. The signal to noise ratio shall be measured, per Signal to Noise Ratio Test, Section 7.3, for each grey level in the grey level measurement.
