1、 TIA/EIA-455-48-B-1990 APPROVED: NOVEMBER 21, 1990 REAFFIRMED: SEPTEMBER 14, 2000 REAFFIRMED: MAY 10, 2005 REAFFIRMED: JANUARY 29, 2014 TIA-455-48-B (Revision of EIA/TIA-455-48-A) November 1990FOTP- 48 Measurement of Optical Fiber Cladding Diameter Using Laser-Based InstructionsNOTICE TIA Engineerin
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19、CH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-455-48-B Page 1 MEASUREMENT OF OPTICAL FIBER CLADDING DIAMETER USING LASER-BASED INSTRUMENTS (From EM Standards Pro
20、posal No. 2261, formulated under the cognizance of the FO-6.6, Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Materials.) This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within Recommended Standard EIA/TIA-455. NOTE: This FOTP was previously published as ELA-455-48A. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 This test pr
21、ocedure is used to measure the cladding (outside) diameter of an optical fiber using a laser-based instrument. It is used on-line in the fiber drawing process prior. to the application of the protective buffer coating(s). It is also used off-line as a quality inspection method. In this application,
22、it is normally used instead of FOTP-45. 1.2 Control of the cladding diameter is required to assure the performance of the fiber in cabling, connectorization and splicing. Uniformity of the cladding diameter along the length is also required. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS Test or inspection requirements ma
23、y include, but are not limited to, the following references: FOTP-45 (EIA/TIA-455-45A) “Microscopic Method for Measuring Fiber Geometry of Optical Waveguide Fibers.“ 3. APPARATUS 3.1 Method A - Forward Scattered Lightjl A forward-light scattering pattern is generated by a laser beam incident upon an
24、 optical fiber as shown in Figure 1. The pattern consists of varying intensity interference fringes in an angular range of f 5 to 90“ around the fiber in the plane perpendicular to the fiber axis. The position and spacing of the fringes are directly dependent on the diameter of the fiber. The relati
25、onship of the number of fringes to fiber diameter and angular range can be approximately expressed as: TIA-455-48-B Page 2 where N is the number of fringes d is the fiber diameter in micrometers X is the laser wavelength in micrometers . O1 and O2 are the angular ra;-ge of the fringes (O? el) nl is
26、the refractive index of the fiber cladding The forward scattered fringe pattern is focused on a self-scanned diode array in order to obtain the number of fringes present. Appropriate signal processing electronics shall be used to provide diameter information utilizing a suitable relationship between
27、 fringe spacing and diameter. The following items are required: A. A test device similar to that described above and in Reference 1. B. A means of recording the data collected. C. Appropriate means for computing the average diameter and the standard deviation. 3.2 Method B - Laser Scanning This meth
28、od scans a laser beam across the optical fiber under test as shown in Figure 2. The light is collected and photoelectrically converted into a square wave signal. Various methods are used to detect and determine the fiber edges, and hence, the fiber diameter. The following items are required: A. A te
29、st device similar to that described. B. A means for recording the data collected. C. Appropriate means of computing the average diameter and standard deviation. 3.3 Off-line Measurement Requirements Either Methods A or B may be nsed to measure the cladding diameter off-line. A fixture is required to
30、 hold and rotate the test sample (see 5.2). This fixture shall be capable of rotating the fiber so that measurements can be made from 0“ to 180“. Because of symmetry, additional measurements are not required. 4. SAMPLING AND SPECIMENS 4.1 On-line Measurements The fiber diameter shall be measured pri
31、or to application of any buffer coating. The test length shall consist of all fiber produced between selected start-and-stop points as determined at the drawing operation. TIA-455-48-B Page 3 4.2 Off-line Measurements All protective buffer coatings shall be removed from a sufficient length . . of fi
32、ber to fit in the test fixture. A method td identify the 0“ orientation of the fiber shall be provided. 5. PROCEDURE 5.1 On-line Measurements 5.1.1 The fiber being drawn shall pass through the appropriate space of the diameter measurement device. 5.1.2 The diameter measurements shall be performed at
33、 a maximum spacing of 10.0 cm (3.94 in). 5.2 Off-line Measurements 5.2.1 The test sample shall be placed in the test fixture and a diameter measurement made at the 0 “ orientation. The fiber shall then be rotated a predetermined number of degrees and another diameter measurement made. The fiber shal
34、l be rotated through the equivalent of 180“ in equally spaced increments. A minimum of six angular positions (including the 0“ orientation) shall be used. The maximum rotational increment is 30“ (e., 180“ 16). For six orientations, measurements are made at 0, 30 “ , 60 “ , 90 “ , 120 “ and 150 “ . (
35、The 180“ measurement is not required because it is identical to the 0 measurement from symmetry.) 6. CALCULATIONS OR INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 6.1 On-Line Measurements Cladding diameter measurements shall be averaged for the test length and the standard deviation calculated. 6.2 Off-Line Measurement
36、s 6.2.1 Average Cladding Diameter The average cladding diameter shall be calculated using the measured diameters at each angular position. 6.2.2 Cladding Noncircularity Cladding noncircularity is defined as the difference between the largest cladding diameter and the smallest cladding diameter divid
37、ed by the average diameter. The noncircularity shall be calculated using the following equation: TIA-455-48-B Page 4 max. dia.- min. dia. Noncircularity (%) = 1 s 100% average diameter 7. DOCUMENTATION 7.1 On-line Measurements 7.1.1 The following information shall be reported for each test: 7.1.1.1
38、Date of Test 7.1.1.2 Methodused(AorB) 7.1.1.3 Identification of fiber 7.1.1.4 The length of fiber tested 7.1.1.5 The test measuring rate 7.1.1.6 The average cladding diameter 7.1.1.7 The standard deviation 7.1.1.8 Minimum and maximum cladding diameter 7.1.2 The following information shall be reporte
39、d and available only for U. S. Military applications: 7.1.2.1 Title of test 7.1.2.2 Test Personnel 7.2 Off-line Measurements 7.2.1 The following information shall be reported for each test: 7.2.1.1 Date of Test 7.2.1.2 Methodused(AorB) 7.2.1.3 Identification of fiber 7.2.1.4 Average cladding diamete
40、r 7.2.1.5 Cladding noncircularity 7.2.2 The following information shall be reported and available only for U. S . Military applications: 7.2.2.1 Title of test 7.2.2.2 Test Personnel TIA-455-48-B Page 5 8. SPECIFICATION INFORMATION The following shall be specified in the Detail Specification: 8.1 FOT
41、P numbn,i 8.2 Failure or acceptance criteria 8.3 Other test conditions TIA-455-48-B Page 6 REFERENCES I D. H. Smithgall, L. S. Watkins, and R. E. Frazee, Jr., “An Optical Fiber Diameter Measurement System Using Forward Scattered Light,“ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron Contr. Instrum., Vol. 25, pp. 108-112
42、, May 1978. TIA-455-48-B Paue 7 LASER 8EAM 7 - I I - SCATTERED LIGHT PROCESSOR FIGURE 1. METHOD A TIA-455-48-B Page 8 LASER SCANNING ELEMENT PROCESSOR FIGURE 2. METHOD B THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION TIA represents the global information and communications technology (ICT) industry thr
43、ough standards development, advocacy, tradeshows, business opportunities, market intelligence and world-wide environmental regulatory analysis. Since 1924, TIA has been enhancing the business environment for broadband, wireless, information technology, cable, satellite, and unified communications. TIA members products and services empower communications in every industry and market, including healthcare, education, security, public safety, transportation, government, the utilities. TIA is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
