1、TIA STANDARD ANSI/TIA-455-122-A-2002 Approved: July 25,2002 FOTP-122 Polarization Mode Dispersion Measurement for SingleMode Optical Fibers by Stokes Parameter Evaluation TIA-455-122-A (Revision of TIA/EIA-455-122) AUGUST 2002 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the Telecommunicatio
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19、vided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-122A FOTP-122 Polarization-Mode Dispersion Measurement for Single-Mode Optical Fibers by Stokes Parameter Evaluation Contents . Foreword 111 I . Introduction . 1 2 . Normativ
20、e references . 3 3 . Apparatus . 4 4 . Sampling and specimens . 6 5 . Procedure . 7 6 . Calculations or interpolation of results 8 7 . Documentation . 12 8 . Annex A (Informative) . 15 Annex B (informative) . 19 Annex C (Informative) . 22 Annex D (Informative) . 27 Annex E (Informative) . 29 Specifi
21、cation information 14 Figure 1 . Functional diagram of a generic measurement system 4 Figure 2 . Typical DGD (PM delay) measurement of a single-mode fiber 10 Figure 3 . Histogram of the DGD data from Figure 2 . A Maxwell curve is superimposed on the histogram 10 Figure AI . Example assessments of PM
22、D measurement statistics . Measured and ideal DGD values with superimposed Maxwell curves . 17 Figure EI . (a) DGD as a function of the optical frequency obtained through PSA and JME, for a simulated concatenation of 20 waveplates with random delays and orientations of the birefringence axes . The P
23、MD (or rms DGD) averaged over a range of 20 THz centered at 193.4 i Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1 22A THz (1550 nm) is found to be 1 .O1 ps. The rela
24、tive frequency step is 6f. DGD, = 0.1 . (b) Difference Of DGDS. 31 Figure E2 - PSP trajectories on the Poincar sphere obtained by JME (a) and PSA (b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . .32 Figure E3 - (a) Difference between the PSP trajectories from Figure E-2. (b) Difference between the three Stokes parameters from Figure E-2. 32 Figure E4 - Rectangular system of coordinates defined by the response Stokes vectors, and direction angles of the polarization dispersion
26、 vector in this system of coordinates. . . . . . . . . . . . .33 Figure E5 - Arc of a circle described by the output SOP in the interval o, w+Ao. . 34 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without
27、 license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1 22A FOTP-122 Polarization-mode dispersion measurement for single-mode optical fibers by Stokes parameter evaluation Foreword (This Foreword is Informative only and is not part of this Standard) This FOTP (Fiber Optic Test Procedure) comes from TIA (Telecommunications
28、Industry Association) Standards Proposal 3327-RVI , and was formulated under the cognizance of TIA FO-6.6, Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Materials, which is part of TIAS Fiber Optic Division. This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within Recommended Stan dard T INE IA-455 B
29、. There are 5 Annexes, all of them informative. Key words: FOTP, polarization-mode dispersion, PMD, Jones matrix eigenanalysis, Poincar sphere analysis, and Stokes parameters. iii Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or
30、 networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1 22A FOTP-122 Polarization-Mode Dispersion Measurement for Single-Mode Optical Fibers by Stokes parameter evaluation 1. Introduction 1.1 Intent This test method describes a procedure for measuring the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) of s
31、ingle-mode optical fibers. The measurement result is obtained from a single series of Stokes parameter measurements performed at intervals across a wavelength range. It can be applied to both short and long fibers, regardless of the degree of polarization mode coupling. Under some circumstances, rep
32、eated measurements are necessary to achieve satisfactory precision using this FOTP; see Annex A. The method is restricted to wavelengths greater than or equal to that at which the fiber is effectively single-mode. The method provides a means to calculate the differential group delay (DGD) as a funct
33、ion of optical frequency (wavelength) from the measurements. On the basic of providing the full polarimetric characteristics of the fiber, this method is considered as a reference test method (RTM) against which any other method shall be compared to in case of a dispute or for calibration. The metho
34、d provides two equivalent ways to make the DGD analysis. The Jones matrix eigenanalysis (JME) determines the DGD from the wavelength dependence of the Jones matrix, a 2x2 complex matrix that describes the optical transfer function of the test device. The Poincar sphere analysis (PSA) determines the
35、DGD from the wavelength dependence of the output state of polarization (SOP) in the context of the Poincar sphere and the Stokes parameters. In both cases, the wavelength dependence is determined over a specific wavelength interval, by measurements at the start and end of that interval. 1.2 Backgrou
36、nd PMD causes an optical pulse to spread in the time domain. This dispersion could impair the performance of a telecommunications system. The effect can be related to 1 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking
37、 permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1 22A differential phase and group velocities and corresponding arrival times 6z of different polarization components of the signal. For a narrow band source, the effect can be related to a DGD, AT, between pairs of orthogonally polarized principal sta
38、tes of polarization (PSPs). In long fiber spans, PMD is a random effect since it depends on the details of the birefringence along the entire fiber length. It is also sensitive to time-dependent temperature and mechanical perturbations on the fiber. For this reason, a useful way to characterize PMD
39、in long fibers is in terms of the expected value given by the mean DGD between the PSPs. In principle, the expected value does not undergo large changes for a given fiber from day to day or from source to source, unlike the parameters 6or AT. In addition, is a useful predictor of lightwave system pe
40、rformance. The term “PMD” is used both in the general sense of two polarization modes having different group velocities, and in the specific sense of the expected value . The DGD, AT, can be averaged over wavelength, yielding T. For most purposes, it is not necessary to distinguish between these var
41、ious options for obtaining . The coupling length Lc is the length of fiber or cable at which appreciable coupling between these two PSPs begins to occur. If the fiber length L satisfies the condition LLc, mode coupling is negligible (or also refered to weak) and scales with fiber length. The corresp
42、onding PMD coefficient is “short-length” PMD coefficient = scales with the square root of fiber length. The corresponding PMD coefficient is “long-length” PMD coefficient = /L (2) The method described in this FOTP measures DGD, AT, as a function of wavelength (or optical frequency a) and PMD is expr
43、essed as CAPL. The measurement is applicable to all fiber lengths. A statistical test, described in Annex A, provides a means for deciding when it is appropriate to use Eqs. (1) or (2) to calculate PMD coefficient. Fiber lengths in the transition region L=Lc may require analysis beyond the scope of
44、those prescribed here. 2 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1 22A Typical units are ps for AT, km for L, pslkm for short-length PMD, and ps/km% for long- le
45、ngth PMD. 2. Normative references Test or inspection requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following references: TINEIA-455-6, Standards fest procedures for fiber optic fibers, cables, transducers, sensors, connecting and terminating devices, and other fiber optic components. FOTP-57
46、 (TINEIA-455-576), Optical fiber end preparation and examination FOTP-80 (TINEIA-455-80B), Cutoff wavelength of uncabled single-mode fiber by transmitted power FOTP-170 (TINEIA-455-1 70), Cable cutoff wavelength of single-mode fiber by transmitted power. Users of this FOTP are encouraged to specify
47、the most recent edition of the FOTP?s referenced above. Caution: Do not casually make the decision to require the most recent edition of a referenced FOTP. There have been instances when document revisions have completely changed the intent, application, use, etc., of a document such that the requir
48、ement to use an edition more recent than the one originally reviewed may be totally inappropriate. 3 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1 22A Arcsine Formul
49、a 3. Apparatus I Eigenvalues of T(o+Ao)T-(o) I Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of a generic measurement system applicable to the present method. I I , PSA . - JME a =i(h.s)/2 Figure 1 - Functional diagram of a generic measurement system. 3.1 Wavelength-range light source In all cases two kinds of light source may be used depending on the type of analyzer. For instance, a narrowband so
