1、 TIA DOCUMENT FOTP-107 Determination of Component Reflectance or Link/System Return Loss Using a Loss Test Set TIA-455-107-A (Revision of TIA/EIA-455-107) ANSI APPROVAL WITHDRAWN MARCH, 2004 MARCH 1999 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Telecommunications Industry Association represents the
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22、INEIA 455-1 07A FOTP-107 Determination of component reflectance or lin Wsystem return loss using a loss test set Contents . Foreword III Introduction . 1 Normative references 2 Apparat us . 3 Sampling and specimens 5 Procedure . 5 Calculation or interpretation of results 9 Documentation 9 Specificat
23、ion information . 10 Annex A (informative) 11 Annex B (informative) 16 Annex C (informative) 19 TINEIA 455-1 07A This page left blank. ii TINEIA 455-1 07A FOTP-107 Determination of component reflectance or lin idsystem return loss using a loss test set Foreword (This Foreword is informative only and
24、 not part of this Standard.) This document comes from TIA Standards Proposal No. 2961, formulated under the cognizance of TIA FO-6.3, Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices. This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within Recommended Standard EIMIA-455. NOTE: This FOT
25、P was previously published in EIMIA-455-1 07 as FOTP-I 07. There are two informative annexes. iii TINEIA 455-1 07A This page left blank. iv TINEIA 455-1 07A FOTP-107 Determination of component reflectance or lin idsystem return loss using a loss test set 1 I nt rod uction 1.1 Intent This procedure i
26、s used to determine the ratio in decibels of the power reflected by the port of a component or assembly to the incident power on the same port of that component or assembly when that component or assembly is introduced into a link or system. This ratio is termed “Return Loss“ when applied to a fiber
27、 optic system or link. Return loss, by convention, is a positive number. The ratio of reflected to incident power is termed “Reflectance“ when applied to an individual component. Reflectance, by convention, is a negative number. 1.2 Scope This test procedure provides only a cumulative return loss fo
28、r systems or links being tested. This procedure also provides a reflectance measurement for discrete components. If the reflectance for individual components in series within a system must be analyzed, FOTP-8 should be used in lieu of this procedure. This procedure offers two methods for measuring r
29、eflected power using a branching device and loss test set(s). These test methods may be destructive in nature and therefore not desirable for production testing. Annex A offers specialized variations of the test methods, for use in the non-destructive testing of connectorized assemblies. 1.3 Backgro
30、und It has been determined that returned power such as that caused by Fresnel reflections, when introduced to an optical system, can cause degradation to the transmitted signal or to the system light source or to both. Studies have indicated a need for a minimum specified return loss within optical
31、systems based upon their transmission characteristics. This FOTP has been developed to provide a means of measuring return loss and reflectance. 1 TINEIA 455-1 07A 1.4 Limits of Usefulness This test procedure provides only a cumulative return loss for components being tested. If the reflectance for
32、individual components in series within a system must be analyzed, FOTP-8 should be used in lieu of this procedure. This procedure may be limited to testing components and fiberkable assemblies where the attached fiber can be placed in a mode filter or mandrel wrap. This test may not be able to be co
33、nducted on connectors or devices with fully enclosed fibers in a jacketed cable with a minimum bend radius greater than the mandrel wrap diameter. 2 Nor mat ive ref e re n ces Test of inspection requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following references: E IA-440-A E I A/T I A-455-A
34、FOTP-8 (ElA/TIA-455-8l1) FOTP-50 (EIA-455-50A) FOTP-54 (EIA/TIA-455-54A) FOTP-57 (EIA/TIA-455-57B2) FOTP-78 (EIA/TIA-455-78A) FOTP-I 80 (EIA/TIA-455-180) Fiber optic terminology Standard test procedures for fiber optic fibers, cables, transducers, sensors, connecting and terminating devices, and oth
35、er fiber optic components Measurement of splice or connector loss and reflectance using an OTDR Light launch conditions for long length graded-index optical fiber spectral attenuation measurements Mode scrambler requirements for over-filled launching conditions for multimode fibers Optical fiber end
36、 preparation and examination Spectral attenuation cutback measurement for single-mode optical fibers Measurement of the optical transfer coefficients of a passive branching device (coupler) ) In the process of preparation. 2, In the process of revision. Use EIA/TIA-455-57A until revision is complete
37、. 2 TINEIA 455-1 07A 3 Apparatus The following apparatus and equipment are required to perform this test. 3.1 Optical power source The optical power source consists of a light source, either modulated or unmodulated, emitting wavelengths suitable for the devices tested as specified in the detail spe
38、cification. The source power must be capable of meeting the dynamic range requirements of the measurement when combined with the detector sensitivity. Unless otherwise specified, light launch conditions shall be in accordance with FOTP-50, FOTP-54, or FOTP-78 (reference to these FOTPs does not precl
39、ude use of this procedu re for step-index fi bers). The stability of the source shall be sufficient to achieve the required accuracy. Unless otherwise specified in the detail specification, the power launched into the component must not be at such a high level as to generate non-linear scattering at
40、 levels higher than 10 dB below the level of test sensitivity desired. A light-emitting diode (LED) or an injection laser having the required radiation band are examples of sources which may be specified. Wavelength-selective filters may be used if necessary to limit optical spectral width. Use of a
41、n isolator is optional, but is recommended for laser sources to ensure stable operation. The optical power source should not be a single-spectral-line laser. Single-spectral-line lasers may have a coherence length long enough to turn the test set-up into an interferometer. Additionally, if the Devic
42、e Under Test (DUT) is sufficiently reflective, a narrow linewidth source may be destabilized. 3.2 Optical directional coupler The directional coupler (or splitter) may be of any convenient coupling ratio if the selected coupling ratio remains stable throughout the measurement procedure. Use of a thr
43、ee port (1x2) coupler is recommended. The coupler may have additional inputs and outputs provided the unused leads are terminated in non-reflecting terminations. The coupler shall be polarization-insensitive to prevent any dependence on the angular position at which the DUT is connected. The coupler
44、 performance shall be characterized for insertion loss and directivity in accordance with FOTP-I80 for use in the calculations of Section 6. Characterization in accordance with FOTP-I 80 shall be for the same wavelength that return loss/reflectance is measured. 3 TINEIA 455-1 07A 3.3 Non-reflective
45、termination The termination shall be an optical load which is fully absorbent and non-reflective (at least 20 dB below the desired level of test sensitivity) when applied to unconnected leads from the DUT, or to unused leads of the coupler. Index matching materials (gels or fluids) are normally acce
46、ptable terminations for this test. Mandrel wraps can also be utilized. Provide sufficient turns around a 1 O mm mandrel, unless otherwise specified in the detail specification, to achieve a minimum of 40 dB attenuation. Some connector polishing techniques are known to affect a fibers index of refrac
47、tion. These techniques may result in a termination with reflectance in the -30 dB to -40 dB range when index matching materials are used to achieve a non-reflecting termination with a connector. If index matching materials are used, extreme care must be used to ensure the materials are removed compl
48、etely from the connector upon completion of this procedure. Failure to do so could cause false readings and contamination of this or other connector ends. 3.4 Detector(s) This unit shall consist of an optical detector, its fiber pigtail (if any), and any associated detection electronics. The precise
49、 characteristics shall be compatible with the measurement requirements and shall be specified in the detail specification. The device shall be linear (to within 5% over the power levels to be measured) and stable to k 1% (0.05 dB) over the measurement period. The detector shall have a reconnection repeatability to within 0.05 dB. The detector shall have sufficient active area and be placed sufficiently close to the output to capture all of the light exiting the output fiber. The detector shall have sufficient dynamic range to make the necessary measurement. The detector sh
