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15、THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. 3GPP2 C.S0014-E v1.0 REVISION HISTORY Revision Description Date C.S0014-0 v1.0 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec (EVRC) December 1999 C.S0014-0-1 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Service Option
16、3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Systems Addendum 1 December 1999 C.S0014-0-2 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Service Option 3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems Addendum 2 December 1999 C.S0014-0-3 v1.0 EVRC TTY/TDD Extension Release 0 Addendum 3 May 2001 C.S0014-A v1.0 Enhanced Variab
17、le Rate Codec, Speech Service Option 3 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems May 2004 C.S0014-B v1.0 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Service Options 3 and 68 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems May 2006 C.S0014-C v1.0 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Service Options 3, 68, a
18、nd 70 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems February 2007 C.S0014-D v1.0 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Services Options 3, 68, 70, and 73 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems May 2009 C.S0014-D v2.0 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Services Options 3, 68, 70, and 73 for Wid
19、eband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems January 2010 C.S0014-D v3.0 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Services Options 3, 68, 70, and 73 for Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital Systems October 2010 C.S0014-E v1.0 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec, Speech Services Options 3, 68, 70, 73 and 77 for Wideband S
20、pread Spectrum Digital Systems December 2011 3GPP2 C.S0014-E v1.0 i FOREWORD 1 (This foreword is not part of this Specification.) 2 The scope of this document specifies the technical requirements that form a standard for Service Options 3, 68, 70, 3 73 and 77, enhanced variable rate, two-way speech
21、service options known as EVRC-A, EVRC-B, EVRC-WB, 4 EVRC-NW, and EVRC-NW2K respectively. These service options communicate at one of four channel rates 5 corresponding to the 9600 bps, 4800 bps, 2400 bps, and 1200 bps frame rates. However, Service Options 3 and 70 6 do not use 2400 bps channel frame
22、 rate. The speech coder source bit-rate corresponding to the above mentioned 4 7 channel rates are 8550 bps, 4000 bps, 2000 bps, and 800 bps. Service Options 68, 70, 73 and 77 have the capability 8 to operate in multiple capacity operating points at different average rates of operation that can be u
23、sed for obtaining 9 different system capacity while trading off speech quality gracefully. The service option 77 includes the following 10 changes to service option 73: (1) it replaces capacity operating point (COP) 3 of Service Option 73 with a 2 kbps 11 codec (2) makes COP 0 no longer optional (3)
24、 introduces support of TTY/TDD functionality using quarter rate 12 packet. 13 This standard does not address the quality or reliability of Service Options 3, 68, 70, 73 and 77 nor does it cover 14 equipment performance or measurement procedures. 15 16 17 3GPP2 C.S0014-E v1.0 ii NOTES 1 1. The approp
25、riate version of the Minimum Performance Standard for the enhanced variable rate codecs, EVRC-2 A, EVRC-B, EVRC-WB, EVRC-NW and EVRC-NW2K provides specifications and measurement methods. 3 2. Base station refers to the functions performed on the landline side, which are typically distributed among a
26、 4 cell, a sector of a cell, a mobile switching center, and a personal communications switching center. 5 3. Footnotes appear at various points in this specification to elaborate and further clarify items discussed in the 6 body of the specification. 7 4. Unless indicated otherwise, this document pr
27、esents numbers in decimal form. 8 Binary numbers are distinguished in the text by the use of single quotation marks. In some tables, binary values 9 may appear without single quotation marks if table notation clearly specifies that values are binary. The 10 character x is used to represent a binary
28、bit of unspecified value. For example xxx00010 represents any 8-11 bit binary value such that the least significant five bits equal 00010. 12 Hexadecimal numbers (base 16) are distinguished in the text by use of the form 0xh h, where h h 13 represents a string of hexadecimal digits. For example, 0x2
29、FA1 represents a number whose binary value is 14 10111110100001 and whose decimal value is 12913. 15 5. Full-Rate and Rate 1 are used interchangeably in this document. The same rule applies to Half-Rate and 16 Rate 1/2, Quarter-Rate and Rate 1/4, and Eighth-Rate and Rate 1/8. 17 6. The following con
30、ventions apply to mathematical expressions in this standard: 18 o x indicates the largest integer less than or equal to x: 1.1 = 1, 1.0 = 1, and -1.1 19 o x indicates the smallest integer greater than or equal to x: 1.1 = 2, 2.0 = 2, and 1.1 = . 20 o |x| indicates the absolute value of x: |17| = 17,
31、 |17| = 17. 21 o indicates exclusive OR. 22 o min(x, y) indicates the minimum of x and y. 23 o max(x, y) indicates the maximum of x and y. 24 o In figures, indicates multiplication. In formulas within the text, multiplication is implicit. For example, if 25 h(n) and pL(n) are functions, then h(n) pL
32、(n) = h(n) pL(n). 26 o x mod y indicates the remainder after dividing x by y: x mod y = x - (y x/y). 27 o round(x) is traditional rounding: round(x) = sign(x) |x| 0.5, where 28 .0x10x1xsi g n 29 o indicates summation. If the summation symbol specifies initial and terminal values, and the initial 30
33、value is greater than the terminal value, then the value of the summation is 0. For example, if N=0, and if 31 f(n) represents an arbitrary function, then 32 N1n 0.f(n) 33 3GPP2 C.S0014-E v1.0 iii o The bracket operator, , isolates individual bits of a binary value. VARn refers to bit n of the binar
34、y 1 representation of the value of the variable VAR, such that VAR0 is the least significant bit of VAR. The 2 value of VARn is either 0 or 1. 3 o Unless otherwise specified log(x) denotes logarithm at base 10 throughout this document. 4 5 6 3GPP2 C.S0014-E v1.0 iv This page intentionally left blank
35、. 1 2 3GPP2 C.S0014-E v1.0 v TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 1 GENERAL . 1-1 2 1.1 Scope 1-1 3 1.2 Requirements Language . 1-1 4 1.3 References 1-1 5 1.3.1 Normative References 1-1 6 1.3.2 Informative References 1-2 7 1.4 Service Option Number 1-3 8 1.5 Allowable Delays . 1-3 9 1.5.1 Allowable Transmitting Spee
36、ch Codec Encoding Delay . 1-3 10 1.5.2 Allowable Receiving Speech Codec Decoding Delay . 1-3 11 1.6 Special Cases 1-3 12 1.6.1 Blanked Packets . 1-3 13 1.6.2 Null Traffic Channel Data 1-3 14 1.6.3 All Zeros Packet . 1-3 15 1.7 Terms and Numeric Information 1-3 16 2 REQUIRED MULTIPLEX OPTION SUPPORT
37、. 2-1 17 2.1 Interface to Multiplex Option 1 2-1 18 2.1.1 Transmitted Packets . 2-1 19 2.1.2 Received Packets 2-1 20 2.2 Negotiation for Service Option 3 2-2 21 2.2.1 Procedures Using Service Option Negotiation . 2-2 22 2.2.1.1 Initialization and Connection . 2-2 23 2.2.1.1.1 Initialization and Conn
38、ection in the Mobile Station 2-2 24 2.2.1.1.2 Initialization and Connection in the Base Station 2-3 25 2.2.1.2 Service Option Control Orders 2-4 26 2.2.2 Procedures Using Service Negotiation . 2-5 27 2.2.2.1 Initialization and Connection . 2-5 28 2.2.2.2 Service Option Control Messages 2-6 29 2.3 Se
39、rvice Option Group Assignments . 2-8 30 2.4 Negotiation for Service Option 68 2-8 31 2.4.1 Procedures Using Service Negotiation . 2-8 32 2.4.1.1 Initialization and Connection . 2-9 33 2.4.1.2 Service Option Control Messages 2-9 34 2.5 Negotiation for Service Option 70 2-12 35 2.5.1 Procedures Using
40、Service Negotiation . 2-12 36 3GPP2 C.S0014-E v1.0 vi 2.5.1.1 Initialization and Connection . 2-12 1 2.5.1.2 Service Option Control Messages 2-13 2 2.6 Negotiation for Service Option 73 2-15 3 2.6.1 Procedures Using Service Negotiation . 2-16 4 2.6.1.1 Initialization and Connection . 2-16 5 2.6.1.2
41、Service Option Control Messages 2-17 6 2.7 Negotiation for Service Option 77 2-20 7 2.7.1 Procedures Using Service Negotiation . 2-20 8 2.7.1.1 Initialization and Connection . 2-21 9 2.7.1.2 Service Option Control Messages 2-22 10 3 AUDIO INTERFACES . 3-1 11 3.1 Input Audio Interface . 3-1 12 3.1.1
42、Input Audio Interface in the Mobile Station 3-1 13 3.1.1.1 Conversion and Scaling . 3-1 14 3.1.1.2 Digital Audio Input 3-1 15 3.1.1.3 Analog Audio Input . 3-1 16 3.1.1.3.1 Transmit Level Adjustment . 3-1 17 3.1.1.3.2 Band Pass Filtering 3-1 18 3.1.1.3.3 Echo Return Loss 3-1 19 3.1.2 Input Audio Inte
43、rface in the Base Station 3-2 20 3.1.2.1 Sampling and Format Conversion . 3-2 21 3.1.2.2 Transmit Level Adjust . 3-2 22 3.1.2.3 Line Echo Canceling 3-2 23 3.2 Output Audio Interface . 3-2 24 3.2.1 Output Audio Interface in the Mobile Station 3-2 25 3.2.1.1 Band Pass Filtering 3-2 26 3.2.1.2 Receive
44、Level Adjustment . 3-2 27 3.2.2 Output Audio Interface in the Base Station 3-2 28 3.2.2.1 Receive Level Adjustment . 3-3 29 4 OVERVIEW AND SPEECH ENCODER . 4-1 30 4.1 Service Option 3 . 4-1 31 4.2 Service Option 68 . 4-2 32 4.2.1 Pre-Processing 4-6 33 4.2.2 Rate/Coding Scheme Decision . 4-6 34 4.2.2
45、.1 Open-Loop Decision 4-6 35 4.2.2.2 Closed-Loop Decision . 4-7 36 3GPP2 C.S0014-E v1.0 vii 4.2.2.3 Capacity Operating Point-Switching and Dimming 4-7 1 4.2.2.4 Arbitrary Capacity Operating Point Operation 4-7 2 4.2.3 Full-Rate CELP and Half-Rate CELP 4-9 3 4.2.4 Full-Rate PPP and Quarter-Rate PPP a
46、nd Special Half-Rate PPP . 4-9 4 4.2.4.1 Background 4-9 5 4.2.4.2 PPP Model . 4-10 6 4.2.4.3 Further Processing of PPP Frames . 4-11 7 4.2.4.4 Amplitude Quantization . 4-12 8 4.2.4.5 Phase Quantization 4-13 9 4.2.4.6 Special Half-Rate PPP Frame 4-15 10 4.2.4.7 Detection of Outliers 4-16 11 4.2.5 Fra
47、me Erasure Handling 4-16 12 4.2.6 Bad Rate/Packet Handling . 4-16 13 4.3 Service Options 70 and 73 4-16 14 4.3.1 Leverage from EVRC-B to Obtain EVRC-WB-LB . 4-18 15 4.3.2 Bit Allocation . 4-19 16 4.3.3 Coding the High-Frequency Band of Wideband Speech 4-19 17 4.3.3.1 Click Remover . 4-19 18 4.3.3.2
48、High-Band Analysis. 4-20 19 4.3.3.3 High-Band Excitation Generation . 4-21 20 4.3.4 Silence Encoder 4-22 21 4.3.5 Decoder Details 4-22 22 4.4 Service Option 77 . 4-23 23 4.5 Input Signal Preprocessing . 4-25 24 4.5.1 Fast Automatic Gain Control for Wideband Inputs . 4-25 25 4.5.2 High-Pass Filter 4-
49、26 26 4.5.3 Noise Suppression 4-27 27 4.5.3.1 Frequency Domain Conversion . 4-28 28 4.5.3.2 Channel Energy Estimator . 4-29 29 4.5.3.3 Channel SNR Estimator . 4-30 30 4.5.3.4 Voice Metric Calculation . 4-30 31 4.5.3.5 Band SNRs for Rate Determination Algorithm . 4-30 32 4.5.3.6 Spectral Deviation Estimator . 4-31 33 4.5.3.7 Peak-to-Average Ratio . 4-31 34 4.5.3.8 Background Noise Update Decision 4-32 35 4.5.3.9 SNR Estimate Modification . 4-32 36 4.5.3.10 SNR Variability Estimator . 4-34
