1、 TIA-1039-A (Revision of TIA-1039) August 2011QoS Signaling for IP QoS Support and Sender Authentication NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeabi
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20、E OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENC
21、E), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-1039-A3ContentsIntroduction . 71.1. Sco
22、pe 71.2. Objectives . 81.3. Document Organisation 81.4. Abbreviations 81.5. Definitions 101.6. REFERENCES 121.6.1 Normative References. 121.6.2 Informative References. 122 System Architecture 132.1 Satellite and Radio Links 132.2 Network Architecture Satellite Networks 152.3 QoS Service Goals . 162.
23、4 QoS Signaling Model for Available Rate Service . 182.5 QoS Signaling for Variable Rate Service . 192.6 QoS Signaling Model for Maximum Rate Service . 192.7 QoS Signaling Model for Guaranteed Rate Service. 193 Limitations in Curent QoS Techniques . 203.1 Introduction 203.2 Diffserv Limitations . 20
24、3.3 IntServ Limitations 203.4 TCP Limitations . 21TIA-1039-A43.5 QoS Feature Summary 223.5.1 Maximum Rate Service (MRS) . 223.5.2 Available Rate Service (MRS). 223.5.3 Preference Priority 233.6 Network Traffic Manager (Net-TM) Operation. 234 Procedures for Signaling QoS 244.1 Authentication 244.2 St
25、andard IP Case . 244.3 QoS Signaling Operation 244.3.1 QoS Structure 244.3.2 Request Procedure 254.3.3 Response Procedure (at Destination) 264.3.4 Response Receipt (Back at Source) 264.3.5 Renegotiate Every 128 Packets or 1 Second 274.3.6 Sender Rules . 274.4 Net-TM Rate Negotiation 284.5 Non-Compli
26、ant Network Equipment the addition of a security structure to allowsecure authentication of the sender. The network uses this to obtain the current maximum priorityallocated to the sender, and the receiver may also obtain certain limited information about the sender.This addition allows the new prot
27、ocol to be safely used for Emergency Services to give priority todesignated personal during an Emergency. It also is designed to support a wide priority range for use ina military network. It is designed to provide a new, much higher level of network security where it isused.The QoS defined within t
28、his signaling structure can support four general types of service. The first is afully guaranteed rate service flow, which implies no oversubscription of network resources. The secondis a maximum rate service flow, which allows some oversubscription but virtually no packet loss. Thethird is a variab
29、le rate service flow, where available rate is combined with a minimum rate guarantee.The fourth is an available rate service flow, one that can jumpstart the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP) to the highest rate the network can support, eliminating slow-start problems. In the available rateservice
30、case the capacity available based on network congestion is fed back to the sender very rapidly atall times. This will help to differentiate congestion problems from channel errors (measured in bit errorrates), permitting the sender to then optimize his packet error control without confusing it withc
31、ongestion. For premium services like voice and video maximum rate service sets up a low delay, lowloss path with a minimal of effort.TIA-1039-A8This version of TIA-1039A adds a new capability to improve network security through sessionauthentication. Security against cyber crime has thus far been ma
32、inly focused on the computer but thisbattle is being lost; more software holes are found each month than can be patched. This goal of thisnew capability is to have the network help in this battle by authenticating the user and the computersattached. The session authentication is optional and the att
33、ributes of ones identity which are providedto the network or the receiver are under the senders control. However, legal investigation of a cybercrime may have access to the users identity and transaction history, thus allowing, finally, the ability totrack down and stop most all cyber crime.1.2. Obj
34、ectivesThis document is a complete specification of the requirements for this QoS Extension Header. It specifiesthe protocol structure, the Network Traffic Manager (Net-TM) responsibilities at network nodes, and theactions required of the sender and receiver. It supports, in both IPv4 and IPv6, guar
35、anteed andmaximum rate flows, variable rate and available rate flow setup allowing TCP speedup independent ofnetwork delay and slowstart, and specifies charging direction. Also it now incorporates sessionauthentication, which should help stop cyber crime and identity theft.1.3. Document Organisation
36、This document is organized into 6 sections: Overview, System Architecture, Limitations in Current QoSTechniques, Procedures for Signaling QoS, QoS Specification Packet Format and Fields, and SessionAuthentication.1.4. AbbreviationsAAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting systemABR Available
37、Bit RateAR Available RateARS Available Rate ServiceAS Autonomous SystemATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeBRAS Broadband Remote Access ServerBT Burst ToleranceCD Change / DirectionCH Chain Field for additional blocksCMTS Cable Modem Termination SystemDARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects AgencyTIA-103
38、9-A9DIFFSERV Differentiated ServicesDP Delay PriorityDSCP Differentiated Services Code PointDSL Digital Subscriber LineDSLAM Digital Line Access MultiplexerECN Explicit Congestion NotificationFSA Flow State AwareGR Guaranteed RateGRS Guaranteed Rate ServiceHMAC Hash-based Message Authentication Code
39、ICMP Internet Control Message ProtocolID IdentifierIPSEC IPSEC is a protocol suite for securing IP communicationsIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceIntServ Integrated ServicesIP Secure IP ProtocolIPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6LAN Local Area NetworkLDP Label Distrib
40、ution ProtocolMRS Maximum Rate ServiceNAT Network Address TranslationNet-TM Network Traffic ManagerMTU Maximum Transmission Unit in IPv4 and IPv6QoS Quality of ServiceTIA-1039-A10PKI Public Key InfrastructurePP Preference PriorityPSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkRED Random Early DetectionRFC Re
41、quest for CommentsRSVP Reservation ProtocolRTT Round Trip TimeSHA Secure Hash FunctionSPI Security Parameters Index used in IPSECSYN Synchronizing Packet flag for TCPTCP Transmission Control ProtocolTDM Time Division MultiplexingTP Type FieldUDP User Datagram ProtocolVBR Variable Bit Rate as used in
42、 ATMVPN Virtual Private NetworkVRS Variable Rate ServiceWRED Weighted Random Early DetectionWWW World Wide Web1.5. Definitionsbps: Bits per secondCoS: Class of Service is defined herein to mean a process within IP network equipment where a largegroup of flows, not all moving from the same source or
43、to the same destination, are associated withcertain performance parameters such as different discard or scheduling priority. In IPv4 the DiffservCoding define the Class of Service, and thus put an inherent limit of 64 classes or priorities. Flows withina single traffic class will all be subject to t
44、he same discard procedure and the same scheduling process.Thus, if the total set of flows in one class exceeds the capacity of a port, they all will suffer from thesame discard process, typically random discards.TIA-1039-A11Flow: A flow is defined herein to mean a unidirectional set of data-grams th
45、at carry informationbetween one user application and another. In the IPv4 world, a flow is defined by the source anddestination addresses, the protocol, and the transport layer (i.e. TCP or UDP) source and destinationports.LOSSLIMIT: LOSSLIMIT is the maximum los rate that a sender should allow befor
46、e reverting to standardIP. It indicates that some Network Node is not a Net-TM and is currently overloaded.Net-TM: A Network Traffic Manager is the system at each network node that is responsible for checkingand modifying the QoS structure and Security Structure as specified in this document. The eq
47、uipmentmight be a traffic manager, a router or a switch.NormPriority: NormPriority is the highest priority value that can be authorized without senderauthentication. The priority field is 8 bits with the highest value being the leftmost bit. The default valueof NormPriority is 0010000 or 1/8 of the
48、range which with 5 bit priorities allows 4 values for the averageuser.PP: Preference Priority is the QoS parameter used herein for user preference, the priority a user hasto override or send faster than other users in the case of limited resources. This capability is typicallyused to allow emergency
49、 services to get through during a communication overload.QoS: QoS is described herein as a set of parameters used to define the quality and quantity ofresources a flow requires, as it traverses a network. Specifically in this context, they are defined asGuaranteed Rate, Available Rate, Delay Priority, Preference Priority and Burst Tolerance.QoS Structure: A block of 16 bytes is used to specify the QoS parameters. In the QoS Structure theavailable rate, guaranteed rate, delay priority, preference priority, burst tolerance, and chargingdirection for the flow are specified.Request Packet
