1、TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS BULLETIN ITM- 1 Characteristics of Large Flaws in Optical Fibers by Dynamic Tensile Testing with Censoring TSB-62- 1 Reaffirmed August 15,2002 ONOVEMBER 1994 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Teleconmiunications Industry Association represents the conmiunicat
2、ions sector of NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining w
3、ith minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications, nor shall the existence of such Standa
4、rds and Publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than TIA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Publications and Bulletins are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By
5、 such action, TIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Publication, or Bulletin. Technical Bulletins are distinguished from TIA Standards or Documents, in that they contain a compilation of engineering data or
6、 information useful to the technical community, and represent approaches to good engineering practices that are suggested by the formulating committee. This Bulletin is not intended to preclude or discourage other approaches that similarly represent good engineering practice, or that may be acceptab
7、le to, or have been accepted by, appropriate bodies. Parties who wish to bring other approaches to the attention of the formulating committee to be considered for inclusion in future revisions of this Bulletin are encouraged to do so. It is the intention of the formulating committee to review this d
8、ocument every five years, but it maybe revised and updated at any time as may be occasioned by changes in technology, industry practice, or government regulations, or for other appropriate reasons. (From Project No. 3-3182, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-6.6 Subcommittee on Optical Fi
9、bers.) This Document was reaffirmed by the Telecommunications Industry Association on August 15,2002. Published by OTELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION 1994 Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Please refer to current Catalog of TIA TELECOMM
10、UNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1 -800-854-7 179) International (303-397-7956) or search online at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/search-n-order .ch All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. NOTICE OF DISCLAI
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19、TY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. EIA TSBb2-L 94 m 3234600 0559523 417 TIAIEIA TELEC0M“I CATIONS SYSTEMS BULLETIN ITM-1 Characterization of Large
20、 Flaws in Optical Fibers by Dynamic Tensile Testing with Censoring NOVEMBER 1994 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION NOTCE TIA/ELA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilita
21、ting interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of WEiA from manufacturing
22、 or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than WEM members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Recommended Sandards, publicatio
23、ns and Bulletins are adopted by TIA/EIA in accordance with the American Nationai Standards institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIAIEL4 does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Recommended Standard, Publication o
24、r Bulletin. Technid Bulletins are distinguished from WEM Recommended Standards or Interim Standards, in that they contain a compilation of engineering data or information useful to the technid community, and represent approaches to good engineering practices that are suggested by the formukiting com
25、mittee. This Bulletin is not intended to preclude or discourage other approaches that similarly represent good engineering practice, or that may be acceptable to, or have been accepted by, appropriate Mes. Parties who wish to bring other approaches to the attention of the fonnulating committee to be
26、 considered for inclusion in future misions of this Bulletin are encouraged to do so. It is the intention of the formulating committee to revise and update this Bulletin from time to time as may be occasioned by changes in technology, industry practice, or government regulations, or for other approp
27、riate reasons. Published by -COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION i994 Standards and Technology Department 2001 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006 PRICE: Pease refer to the current Catalog of EU, JEDEC and TIA STANDARDS and ENGI“G PUBLICATIONS or call Global Eagineering Documents, USA and
28、 Canada (1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. EIA TSBb2-L 94 9 3234600 0559525 bT m PLEASE! DONT VIOLATE THE LAW! This document is copyrighted by the TIA and may not be reproduced without permission. OrgaaiZations may obtain permission to reproduce a lim
29、ited number of copies through entering into a license agreement with the EIA. Interested organizations should contact: EIA Standard Wes Office 2001 Penusybania Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 (202)457-4966 Requesting a copy of the agreement. EIA TSBb2-1 94 3234b00 0559526 526 TSB-62-1 ITM-1 Charac
30、terization of large flaws in optical fibers by dynamic tensile testing with censoring Contents 1 Introduction 2 Applicable documents 3 Apparatus 4 Sampling and specimens 5 Procedure 6 Calculations or interpretation of results 7 Documentation Annex A, Bend stress application example Annex 6, Evaluati
31、on with maximum likelihood Annex C, References Annex D, Comparison between this document and IEC or ITU/TS requirements 1 EIA TSBb2-L 94 3234600 0557527 4b2 TSB-62-1 This page left blank. 2 EIA TSB62-1 94 m 3231.1600 0559528 3T W TSB-62-1 ITM-1 Characterization of large flaws in optical fibers by dy
32、namic tensile testing with censoring Foreword This document comes from TIA Project No. 31 82, and was formulated under the cognizance of TIA FO-6.6, Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Materials. EIA TSBb2-1 94 m 3234600 0559529 235 m TSB-62-1 This page left blank. 4 EIA TSBb2-1 94 E 3234bOO 0559530
33、T57 TS 6-62- 1 1 Introduction 1.1 Intent This Informative Test Method (ITM) describes a method for characterizing the lower portion of the distribution of dynamic tensile failure stresses of a population of glass optical fiber. The result is a probability curve that can be used as a guide in reliabi
34、lity design. The curve can also be used to validate assumptions relative to the proof test and other fiber handling procedures. 1.2 Scope The method is generally destructive. A sample of a population is tested. The accuracy of inferences that are drawn depends on the sampling frequency and the degre
35、e to which the sample is representative. The probability curve is presented in the format of a Weibull distribution. The validity of a Weibull assumption should, however, be tested. Such tests are outside the scope of this method. The strength distribution can be inferred from the failure stress dat
36、a with certain assumptions about the flaw growth mechanism and the parameters that describe it. These inferences are illustrated in the annexes, but are outside the scope of the method. This test method applies to a population characteristic that is not specifiable, at least at the present time. The
37、refore, this test method shall not be called out in any TIA specification document. 1.3 Background The method tests the strength of several hundreds of sections of fiber by applying dynamic tensile stress up to some predetermined level. The fraction of the total number of sections that fail and the
38、stress levels at which failure occurs is recorded and summarized as a statistical distribution. This is very similar to FOTP-28. The main difference is that with this method, all sections are tested to a maximum, fixed stress, leading to failure in some specimens. Since not all specimens fail, this
39、is called censored data. Other differences are the 5 EIA TSBb2-1 94 3234b00 0559531 993 = TSB-62- 1 sample size, gauge length, and stress rate. These factors reduce the time required for the extensive testing required to evaluate the lower portion of the strength distribution. Variable prooftest str
40、ess is another approach to characterizing the distribution of interest. FOTP-31 is applied at various stress levels. The failure rate at each level provides some information about the underlying distribution. Detailed prooftester information and flaw growth assumptions can be used to compute probabi
41、lity and stress points that are theoretically equivalent to some of the points in the curve resulting from ITM-1. 1.4 Other The equipment described in this document has been patented by Corning Incorporated, U.S. Patent No. 50761 04. For those organizations wishing to fabricate equipment under provi
42、sions of this patent, for their own use, a fully paid-up license can be made available for a nominal charge. For all further details, contact either Corning Incorporated or Heathway Inc., a licensed equipment supplier. Coming Incorporated Heat hway Incorporated Patent Dept., SP-FR-02 4030 Skyron Dri
43、ve Coming, NY 14831 Doylestown, PA 18901 (607)974-3986 (21 5)348-2881 1.5 Hazards Wear eye glasses at all times when fiber is being tested to protect against shards of broken glass. Additional protective shields around the regions where failure can occur are recommended. 6 TSB-62-1 2 Normative refer
44、ences Test requirements may include, but are not limited to, the most recent edition of the following references: TSB-62 Informative test methods for fiber-optic fibers, cables, opto-electronic sources and detectors, sensors, connecting and terminating devices, and other fiber-optic components. FOTP
45、-28 (TIA/EIA-455-28B), Method for measuring dynamic tensile strength of optical fiber. FOTP-31 (EIA/TIA-455-31 C) Procedure for prooftesfing optical fibers by tension. TSB-61, Power-law theory of optical fiber reliability EIA TSB62-L 94 111 3234600 0559533 766 m TSB-62-1 3 Apparatus There are severa
46、l possible machine designs that perform the basic functions. Figure 1 illustrates one implementation. While computer coordination of the various elements is not required, it is recommended. Takeup Dancer Pulley Takeup Capstan -, Tkeup Spool 7 Payout Capstan Load Sensor b) Produce a Weibull plot that
47、 is reported. Figure 2 illustrates a Weibull plot. - Figure 2 - Lower Weibull Mode . 1.0000 I I t - * - r . i Strain Rate: 200 %Imin. I *. 0.0100 o. o010 13 EIA TSBb2-1 74 3234bOO 0557537 184 = TSB-62-1 The complete distribui,m, including failures at stresses greater than the maximum, can be measure
48、d with FOTP-28. This distribution is often bi-modal, or has two straight-line regions. Figure 3 shows the distribution obtained with FOTP-28 at 4Ydminute strain rate, overlaid with the distribution measured with this procedure. The lack of overlap is due to the difference in strain rates. The distri
49、bution measured with this procedure shows probability to a lower level and with better resolution. 99.300 99 O00 SO. O00 70.000 80.000 so. O00 0.000 - IO.000 8.000 2 2.SOO a *.o00 2 .- - 2 0.800 Q o. LOO g o.os0 - .- 0.010 I.? Figure 3 - Composite of Both Modes i FOTP-28 20 m gage -a T # *- I o-oo6 1- i ITM-1 . 200 %/min. t Failure Stress (GPa) . Complete instructions for using this test for reliability design is outside the scope of the document. Annexes A and B are included as examples of the computations that might be completed to give guidance in r
