1、TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS BULLETIN Optical Fiber Digital Transmission Systems Considerations for Users and Suppliers TSB-19 Reaffirmed August 15,2002 OMARCH 1986 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Teleconmiunications Industry Association represents the conmiunications sector of NOTICE
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19、E FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. EIA TSBLS 86 m 3234600 OOLLOLL 5 m - MARCH- 1986 Telecommunications Systems Bulletin No. 19 Optical I) EIA TSBLS 86 m 3234600 OOLLOL3
20、 9 m TELE-ICATIONS SYSTEMS BULLETIN No. 19 OFTICAL FIBER DIGITAI, “MISSION SYSTEMS CONSIDEMTIONS FR USERS AND -SUPPLIERS Prepared by FO-2.1 Subcormnittee on Optical Eiber Telecommunications Systems TSB- 19 Optical Fiber Digital Transmission Systems Considerations for Users and Suppliers CONTENTS 1 .
21、 INTRODUCTION 4 4 . . 4 1.1 Purpose and Scope . 1.2 Optical Fiber SystemsPerformance Considerations 2 . TRANSMISSIONCONSIDERATIONS . 2.1 System Configuration 2.2 Multimode Graded or Step Index Optical Fiber System Transmission Design . 2- 1 2.2.1 Required Bandwidth 2.2.3 System Gain (G) . 2.2.2 Syst
22、em Gain and Cable Loss . 2.2.3.1 Statistical Design 2.2.3.2 Worst Case Design , . 2.2.4.1 statistical Approach . 2.2.4.2 Worst-Case Approach . 2.2.4 CableLoss . 2.2.5 . Cable Loss and Bandwidth Tradeoffs 2.2.6 Upgradability Considerations . . b . . 1-1 1-1 1-1 2-1 2-1 . . * . . 2-2 2-2 2-2 2-2 + . .
23、 2-4 2-4 . . 2-4 . . 2-5 . . 2-5 . 2-6 2.3 Availability . 2-6 2.3.1 Availability Computation 2-6 2.3.2 Availability Information 2-7 2.3.3 Minimum Regenerator Reliability . 2-7 2.4 Protection Switching Performance 2-7 2.4.1 Background . 2-7 2.4.3 Switching Thresholds 2-7 2.4.4 Protection Switch Relia
24、bility 2-8 2.4.5 System Transient Response 2-8 2.4.5.1 System Start-up 2-8 2.4.5.2 Input Phase Hit . 2-8 2.4.5.3 Temporary Signal Interruption 2-8 2;5 Error Performance . 2-8 2.5.1 Error Performance Parameters 2-8 2.5.2 Error Performance Requirements 2-8 . 2.6 Jitter . 2-8 2.6.1 Definitions . 2-8 2.
25、6.2 Basic Control Strategy . 2-9 2.6.3 Network Limits For Maximum Permissible Jitter at Hierarchical Interfaces . 2-10 2.6.3.1 Network Limits - Jitter 2-10 2.6.3.2 Network Limits - Frequency Deviation . 2-10 2.6.4 Specifications for Individual Digital Equipment . 2-10 2.6.4.1 Input Jitter Tolerance
26、. 2-11 2.6.4.2 Jitter Generation 2-11 2.6.4.3 Jitter Transfer Characteristic 2-11 2,6.5 Information and Guidelines Concerning Jitter Accumulation . 2-12 2.6.5.1 Accumulation in Digital Networks . 2-12 2.6.5.2 Equipment Input Tolerance . 2-13 2.6.5.3 Guidelines for Equipment Arrangements . 2-13 2-13
27、. 2.4.2 Switching Times . 2-7 2.6.6 Information and Guidelines Concerning the Measurement of Jitter . 7 -1- - L EIA TSBLS 8b W 3234600 OOLLOLS 2 W 5 TSB- 19 2.7 TransmissionDelay 2-13 3 . OPERATIONALCONSIDERATIONS t 9 . 3.1 3.1 Maintenance . 3-1 3.2 Alarm/StatusInformation 3-1 3.3 Local Alarms and S
28、tatus Indicators . 3-1 3.4 Audible/VisualAlarms . 3-1 3.5 Remote hdications . 3-2 -3.6 Telemetry 3-2 3.7 Protection Switching 3-2 3.8 TroubleLocation . 3-2 3.8.1 Fault Locating 3-2 3.8.2 Performance Monitoring 3-2 3.8.2.1 Digital Signal Parameters . 3-2 3.8.2.2 Protection Switching Parameters . 3-3
29、3.9 Communication Channels (Order Wire) 3-3 3.10 Maintenance Environment 3-3 3.11 Restoration . 3-3 3.12 CableMaintenance . 3-3 3.13 Cable Acceptance . 3-3 3.13.2 Bandwidth . 3-4 3.13.3 Continuity . 3-4 3.13.4 Pressurization 3-4 4 . PHYSICALANDENVIRONMENTALCONSIDERATIONS . 4-1 ) 3.13.1L0 . 3-3 4.1 O
30、ptical Fiber Cable . 4-1 4.2 Terminal and Regenerator Equipment. 4-1 4.3 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) . 4-2 4.4 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) . Lightning . 4.4.1 Cable . 4.4.1.1 Dielectric Cable . Buried or Underground 4.4.1.2 Dielectric Cables - Aerial 4.4.1.3 Cables - Metallic Construction 4
31、.4.3 Protection . 4.4.2 Terminal and Regenerator Equipment 4.4.4 Lightning Conductor 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4-2 4.5 Nuclear Effects 4-2 4.5.1 Thermal Fluence (cal/cm2) 4-2 4.5.2 Transient Ionizing Radiation (rads(Si)/s) 4-2 4.5.3 Tbtal Ionizing Dose (rads (Si) 4-3 4.5.5 Electromagnetic Pulse (E
32、MP) and System Generated Eh (SGEh4P) (v/m) . 4-3 4.5.6 Peak Overpressure (psi) . 4-3 4.5.4 Neutron Fluence (n/cm2) 4-3 4.5.7 Gust (ft/s or M/s) . 4-3 5.INSTALLATION . 5-1 5.1 Cable Instaliation 5-1 5.1.1 Type of Installation 5-1 Y EIA TSBLS b I 3234600 OOLLOLb 4 I 6 TSB- 19 5.1.2 Protection . 5-1 5.
33、1.3 Interconnection . 5-1 5.2 Equipment Installation . 5-1 5.2.1 Terminal Location 5-1 5.2.2 Regenerator Location . 5-2 5.2.3 Environmental Control . 5-2 5.2.4 Protection . 5-2 5.3 System Acceptance and Performance Verification Testing 5-2 5.3.1 Introduction 5-2 5.3.2 Pre-Delivery Testing 5-2 5.3.2.
34、1 Bureau of Radiological Health (BRH) Regulations . 5-2 5.3.2.2 Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Regulations 5-2 5.3.2.3 Equipment Testing 5-3 5.3.2.4 Burn-In . 5-3 5.3.3 Subsystem Integration Testing 5-3 5.3.3.1 Fiber Path Verification 5-3 5.3.3.2 Transmitter Power Level 5-3 5.3.3.3 Receiver
35、Input Level . 5-3 5.3.4 System Performance Testing . 5-4 5.3.4.1 Error Ratio Test 5-4 5.3.4.2 Degraded Signal Test . 5-4 5.3.4.3 Input Jitter Tolerance . 5-5 5.3.4.4 Jitter Generation 5-5 5.3.4.5 Delay Test . 5-5 5.3.4.6 Additional Functions and Features 5-5 6 . DOCUMENTATION it has also been used a
36、s a means of allocating objectives among a number of different impairments, each being allowed a certain percentage of eye closure in the horizontal (timing) or vertical (amplitude) dimensions or in both. 2. Operation at higher bit rate(s) or application of wavelength division multiplexing. ,- 2-3 E
37、IA TSBLS 86 m 323YbOO OOLLO22 T m TSB- 19 1, is the total length of terminal or regenerator station cables in km. o is the loss of regenerator station cable in dB/km. It is assumed that the station cables do not require splices. If station cables do require splices, additional terms should be added
38、to represent the splice loss. u For each of these parameters, the worst-case value over the allowable operating temperature range should be used. Receiver sensitivity, PRJ is specified at an error rate such that the accumulated error rate in the end- to-end system will meet the application requireme
39、nt. 2.R.d.B Worst Oase Design To allow for inclusion of all significant parameters affecting system operation, the equation adopted for the worst-case system gain of the regenerator station equipment is is the standard deviation of connector loss in dB. con G = PT - PR - M -A - Neon L, - 1, , (2) wh
40、ere: Lcon = maximuin connector loss in dB Other parameters are described above. For each of these parameters, the worst-case value over the allowable operating temperature range and operating life should be used. 2.2.4 Cable Loss(L) 2.2.4.1 Stattktical Approach An equation for the mean plus 2 sigma
41、loss, L, of the multifiber cable within a regenerator section is L = (l+k) (it + lr) (ection 2.2.4.1. 2.2.5 Cable Loss and Bandwidth Trade086 Bandwidth tradeoff is complicated due to the fact that most often the time or frequency response of concatenated. fiber lengths is not known with adequate pre
42、cision. Therefore, system design has to proceed in two steps. In the first step, it is assumed that the fiber response is gaussian and that the end-to-end fiber bandwidth is known. Optical 3 dB bandwidth or electrical 3 dB bandwidth can be used, although electrical bandwidth provides somewhat better
43、 confidence. The system gain penalty for the equipment is now determined for this bandwidth from equipment data. Different equipments differ in the amount of power penalty; generally, however, the penalty is in the region 1-5 dB for optical bandwidth equal to half the transmission line rate. System
44、gain (EQ. 2) is now reduced by the amount of penalty and the 3. For interconnection devices with different characteristics, it may be necessary to add more terms to the equation. 4. For interconnection devices with dierent characteristics, it may be necessary to add more terms to the equatioii. I- 2
45、-5 - EIA TSBLS 86 m 3234600 0033024 3 m i./ system design can proceed as described in the previous sections. The second step is a field verification of system design. The recommended way to accomplish this is to test fibers in the field with a test set at the same wavelength as the transmission equi
46、pment to be used. If fiber response significantly deviates from gaussian, there can be additional penalty, typically in the range of a few dB. This procedure, although not ideal, does ensure system performance as designed, and is also useful in determining whether a capacity upgrade is possible. 2.2
47、.6 Upgradability Considerations Sine optical fiber systems are often upgraded during the lifetime of the cable to provide more channel capacity than the requirements of the initial installations, system design should be done in such a way as to allow maximum flexibility for upgrading and also provid
48、e guidance for orderly planning of growth, Currently, two methods of upgrading are envisioned: 1. 2. Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Increase of transmission bit rate These methods can be used singly or in combination. The required bandwidth requirement (Section 2.2.1), and system gain and c
49、able loss (Section 2.2.2) should be stated for the initial implementation and for available upgrade options. As upgrading may involve different operating wavelengths, the bandwidth and loss (Es. (3) of the installed cable should be specified for the alternate wavelengths (e.g, 1300 nm; 1500 nm) at the worst case source wavelength variation. In the calculation of system gain (Eq. (i), quantities PT and P should be stated for each operating wavelength and bit rate. Quantity “A“ should include insertion %ss for the WDM device, and receiver sensitivity degradation due t
