1、Guide to SSPC-VIS 4/NACE VIS 7June 1, 2002Editorial Revisions November 1, 20042-45DisclaimerSSPC and NACE International issue this Guide and Reference Photographs in conformance with the best cur-rent technology regarding the specifi c subject. This Guide represents a consensus of those individual m
2、embers who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. This Guide is intended to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has adopted this Guide or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usi
3、ng products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this Guide. Nothing contained in this Guide is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnif
4、ying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This Guide represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better products or materials. Neither is this Guide intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Un
5、predictable circumstances may ne-gate the usefulness of this Guide in specifi c instances. Neither NACE nor SSPC assumes responsibility for the interpretation or use of this Guide by other parties.Users of this Guide are responsible for reviewing appropri-ate health, safety, and regulatory documents
6、 and for determining their applicability in relation to this Guide prior to its use. This Guide may not necessarily address all safety problems and hazards associated with the use of materials, operations and/or equipment detailed or referred to within this document. Users of this Guide are also res
7、ponsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in con-sultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this Guide.CAUTIONARY NOTICE: This Guide
8、 is subject to periodic review and may be revised or withdrawn at any time without prior notice. This Guide must be reaffi rmed, revised, or reviewed no later than fi ve years from the date of initial publication. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. For information on this and other
9、joint SSPC/NACE publication, contact either organization. The SSPC Publications Dept. may be contacted at 40 24th Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15222-4656 (telephone +1 412-281-2331). The NACE International Membership Services Department may be contacted at 1440 South Creek Drive, Houston, Texas 77084-4906
10、 (telephone +1 281-228-6200).1. Scope1.1 This Guide describes the use of Reference Photo-graphsdepicting the appearance of unpainted rusted carbon steel and painted carbon steel, with or without rust, prior to and after cleaning by waterjetting (WJ). The Reference Photographs are intended to supplem
11、ent the written standard SSPC-SP 12/NACE No. 5.1Pictures and descriptions of fl ash rusting are included for illustrative purposes. The written standards are the primary means to determine conformance with clean-ing requirements. The photographs should not be used as a substitute for these standards
12、.2. Description2.1 The Reference Photographs consist of a series of 1:1 (actual size) color photographs that represent various condi-tions of unpainted and painted carbon steel surfaces prior to and after waterjet cleaning. (See Section A.1.)2.1.1 The user of this Guide should designate the degree o
13、f cleaning as WJ-1 (Clean to Bare Substrate), WJ-2 (Very Thorough Cleaning), WJ-3 (Thorough Cleaning), or WJ-4 (Light Cleaning) of SSPC-SP 12/NACE No 5. (See Section 4.2.)2.1.2 This Guide can be used to clarify the acceptable level of fl ash rusting allowed prior to the application of protective coa
14、tings. The coating manufacturer should be contacted to verify that the coating material selected is suitable for application over the maximum allowable degree of fl ash rusting that has been specifi ed. (See Sections A.3, A.4, A.5, A.6, and A.7.)2.1.3 The user of this Guide should designate the maxi
15、-mum degree of fl ash rust permissible as None (the condition immediately after cleaning), Light (L), Moderate (M), or Heavy (H) Flash Rust. (See Section 4.4.)2.1.4 The two series of fl ash rust photographs are illustra-tive of steel substrates cleaned by wet methods specifi ed in WJ-1, WJ-2, WJ-3,
16、or WJ-4 of SSPC-SP 12/NACE No. 5, not just for the conditions illustrated herein. Illustrative photos are included for Conditions C and D but not for Conditions A and B. SSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsGUIDE TO SSPC VIS-4/NACE VIS 7Guide and Reference Photographs forSteel Surfaces Prepared
17、by WaterjettingGuide to SSPC-VIS 4/NACE VIS 7June 1, 2001Editorial Revisions November 1, 20042-46(1)Initial Conditions A, B, C and D are sometimes referred to as Rust Grades A, B, C, and D, respectively.3. Referenced Publications3.1 SSPC AND NACE INTERNATIONAL REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS:SSPC-SP 12/NACE
18、 No. 5 Surface Preparation and Cleaning of Metals by Waterjetting Prior to RecoatingSSPC-SP 12Solvent Cleaning4. Conditions Depicted4.1 INITIAL CONDITIONS: The Reference Photographs illustrate fi ve of the seven initial conditions(1)before surface preparation as follows (see Section A.1):Condition A
19、 (not illustrated): Steel surface completely covered with adherent mill scale; little or no rust visible.Condition B (not illustrated): Steel surface covered with both mill scale and rust.Condition C: Steel surface completely covered with rust; little or no pitting visible. The area includes an exam
20、ple of a discoloration caused by heat. (Rust Grade C)Condition D: Steel surface completely covered with rust; pitting visible. The area includes an example of foreign matter. (Rust Grade D)Condition E: Previously painted steel surface; light-col-ored paint applied over blast-cleaned surface; paint m
21、ostly intact. Condition F: Previously painted steel surface; zinc-rich paint applied over blast-cleaned steel; paint mostly intact. Condition G: Painting system applied over mill scale bearing steel; system thoroughly weathered, thoroughly blis-tered, or thoroughly stained. Condition H: Degraded pai
22、nting system applied over steel; system thoroughly weathered, thoroughly blistered, or thoroughly stained.4.1.1 Other Conditions: When waterjetting is used to remove paint and other contaminants from mill scale bearing steel (Conditions A, B, and G), the mill scale is not usually removed. In that ca
23、se, the appearance of the cleaned steel would be very similar to Initial Condition A or B. 4.2 END CONDITION: The various degrees of cleaning, with no fl ash rust, are described in SSPC-SP 12/NACE No. 5 (see Section A.2) as:WJ-1 Clean to Bare SubstrateWJ-2 Very Thorough or Substantial CleaningWJ-3 T
24、horough CleaningWJ-4 Light Cleaning4.3 Steel surfaces show variations in texture, shade, color, tone, pitting, fl aking, and mill scale, which should be considered when making comparisons with the reference photographs. Acceptable variations in appearance that do not affect surface cleanliness inclu
25、de variations caused by type of steel, original surface condition, thickness of the steel, weld metal, mill fabrica-tion marks, heat treating, heat affected zones, and differences caused by the initial abrasive blast cleaning technique or by the cleaning pattern. (See Sections A.1 and A.8.)4.4 FLASH
26、 RUST: The Reference Photographs also il-lustrate three degrees of fl ash rust. Flash rust or rust bloom is a light oxidation of the steel, which occurs as waterjet-cleaned steel dries off. It quickly changes the appearance. The color of the fl ash rust may vary depending on the age and composition
27、of the steel and the time-of-wetness of the substrate prior to drying. (See Sections A.3, A.4, and A.5.)Four series of photographs depict previously painted steel cleaned by waterjetting to produce WJ-1, WJ-2, WJ-3, and WJ-4 of SSPC-SP 12/NACE No. 5. Four initial conditions for paint applied over bl
28、ast cleaned steel (Conditions E, F, G, and H, defi ned in Section 4.1) are depicted at each level of visible cleanliness.4.4.1 No Flash Rust: A surface which, when viewed without magnifi cation, exhibits no visible fl ash rust.4.4.2 Light Flash Rust (L): A surface which, when viewed without magnifi
29、cation, exhibits small quantities of a yellow/brown rust layer through which the steel substrate may be observed. The rust or discoloration may be evenly distributed or present in patches, but it is tightly adherent and not easily removed by light wiping with a cloth.4.4.3 Moderate Flash Rust (M): A
30、 surface which, when viewed without magnifi cation, exhibits a layer of yellow/brown rust that obscures the original steel surface. The rust layer may be evenly distributed or present in patches, but it is reasonably well adherent and lightly marks a cloth that is lightly wiped over the surface.Guid
31、e to SSPC-VIS 4/NACE VIS 7June 1, 2002Editorial Revisions November 1, 20042-474.4.4 Heavy Flash Rust (H): A surface which, when viewed without magnification, exhibits a layer of heavy red/brown rust that hides the initial surface condition completely. The rust may be evenly distributed or present in
32、 patches, but the rust is loosely adherent, easily comes off, and leaves sig-nifi cant marks on a cloth that is lightly wiped over the surface. (See Sections A.5 and A.6.)4.5 APPEARANCE: It is generally true that, when the surface is still damp or wet, it appears darker, and defects and variations i
33、n shading are magnifi ed. As the surface is dry-ing, streaks form which are not necessarily depicted in these small unit size photographs, but which may be clearly seen on larger areas. Whether or not streaks are acceptable should be addressed between the contracting parties. An example of streaking
34、 can be seen in C WJ-3 L and C WJ-2 M. 5. Procedures5.1 DETERMINE INITIAL CONDITION: If the steel has not been previously painted, proceed to Paragraph 5.1.1. If it has been painted, proceed to Paragraph 5.1.2. Steel to be cleaned may contain more than one of the initial conditions. (See Sections A.
35、1 and A.8.)5.1.1 Unpainted Steel: Select the photograph of initial condition (C or D) that most closely represents the appearance of the unpainted steel to be cleaned. 5.1.2 Painted Steel: Select the photograph of the initial condition (E, F, G, or H) that most closely represents the ap-pearance of
36、the previously painted steel to be cleaned.5.2 SELECT PHOTOGRAPH: Refer to Table 1 to select which reference photograph depicts the fi nished surface cor-responding to the condition determined from Section 5.1 and the degree of cleaning specifi ed in the procurement document.5.3 DEGREE OF CLEANING:
37、Immediately after water-jetting, but before the surface has fl ash rusted, compare the prepared surface with the photograph selected in Paragraph 5.2. The degree of cleaning should conform to WJ-1, WJ-2, WJ-3, or WJ-4 of SSPC-SP 12/NACE No. 5 as specifi ed in the procurement document. (See Sections
38、A.6, A.7, A.9, and A.10.)5.4 DEGREE OF FLASH RUST: Prior to painting, compare the fl ash-rusted surface with the fl ash rust photographs. The list of fl ash rust photographs is given in Table 2. For non-pitted surfaces, use the C fl ash rust photographs for either painted or unpainted initial condit
39、ions. For pitted surfaces, use the D fl ash rust photographs for either painted or unpainted initial conditions. For example, if WJ-2 is specifi ed and the steel is pitted, use D WJ-2 L, D WJ-2 M, or D WJ-2 H to evaluate the degree of fl ash rust that has occurred. 5.5 APPEARANCE IMMEDIATELY PRIOR T
40、O COAT-ING: The degree of fl ash rust specifi ed shall be in accordance with Section 4.4. If no fl ash rust is acceptable, the surface shall conform to Section 4.4.1 immediately prior to coating. The coating manufacturer may be contacted to verify that the coating material selected is suitable for a
41、pplication over the degree of fl ash rust that has occurred. (See Sections A.1, A.3, A.4, A.5, A.6 and A.7.)5.6 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS: The Reference Photographs shall be used only in conjunction with the written surface preparation specifi cations. The photographs are based upon appearance only,
42、 are for illustrative purposes, and do not address other factors necessary for compliance with the written specifi cation. (See Sections A.9 and A.10.)InitialSurfaceConditionConditionC100% rustCondition D100% rustwith pitsCondition ELight-coloredpaint appliedover blast-cleaned steelCondition FZinc-r
43、ich paintapplied overblast-cleanedsteelCondition GMulti-coat paintingsystem appliedover mill scale-bearing steelCondition HDeterioratedbrittle multicoatpainting systemWJ-1 C WJ-1 D WJ-1 E WJ-1 F WJ-1 G WJ-1 H WJ-1WJ-2 C WJ-2 D WJ-2 E WJ-2 F WJ-2 G WJ-2 H WJ-2WJ-3 C WJ-3 D WJ-3 E WJ-3* F WJ-3 G WJ-3
44、H WJ-3Degree ofCleaningWJ-4 C WJ-4 D WJ-4 E WJ-4 F WJ-4 G WJ-4 H WJ-4* E WJ-3 ALT is an alternate illustration of this condition.TABLE 1LIST OF REFERENCE PHOTOGRAPHS (WITHOUT FLASH RUST)FOR VARIOUS INITIAL CONDITIONS AND FOR FOUR DEGREES OF CLEANINGGuide to SSPC-VIS 4/NACE VIS 7June 1, 2001Editorial
45、 Revisions November 1, 20042-48Condition C contains an example of heat-affected discol-oration. Condition D contains an example of foreign matter. Condition G is a degraded system of gray primer, red inter-mediate, and cream topcoat. The photos G WJ-3 and G WJ-2 show islands of black, tightly adhere
46、nt mill scale that were uncovered during the cleaning. In G WJ-1, the mill scale has been removed but the discoloration pattern remains. Condition G illustrates a non-brittle paint system that can be feathered. Condition H shows a brittle paint system in which the paint edges remain sharp.REFERENCES
47、1. SSPC-SP 12/NACE No. 5 (latest revision), “Surface Preparation of Metals by Waterjetting Prior to Recoating” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC and Houston, TX: NACE).2. SSPC-SP 1 (latest revision), “Solvent Cleaning” (Pitts-burgh, PA: SSPC).3. SSPC Painting Manual, Volume 2, Systems and Speci-fi cations (late
48、st revision), “Surface Preparation Commentary” (Pittsburgh, PA: SSPC).APPENDIX A: EXPLANATORY NOTESA.1 INITIAL CONDITIONS: Initial Conditions C and D are “new construction” surface conditions, and are defi ned in the SSPC Surface Preparation Commentary.3Waterjetting can also be used to remove contam
49、inants or paint from the surface of mill scale bearing steel (Condition A or B). Photos are not included because the appearance after cleaning is reasonably similar to the initial condition.Conditions E, F, G, and H are “maintenance” surface conditions. Conditions E and F represent surfaces having aged coatings originally applied over blast cleaned steel on which the paint is mostly intact. Condition G is deteriorated paint over mill scale bearing steel; Condition H represents surfaces having deteriorating aged coatings. Although many surfaces encountered in practice may not closely correspon
