1、SSPC-PA 1June 1, 20161SSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsSSPC-PA 1SHOP, FIELD, AND MAINTENANCE COATING OF METALS 1. SCOPE1.1 This standard provides basic requirements for best practices for application of industrial/marine protective coatings to coated or uncoated metallic substrates, and is i
2、ntended for use by both specifiers and contractors, either in its entirety or by referencing specific sections. It focuses on the coating application process and application-related items that are included as one element of the contractors work plan or process control procedures. The scope of this s
3、tandard includes specific as well as general requirements for the application of liquid coatings applied by brush, spray, or roller. Detailed descriptions of site preparation, surface preparation, pretreatments, or selection of primers and finish coats are beyond the scope of this standard. Appendix
4、 A provides additional information about the value and use of project-specific contractor work plans. Appendix B provides an example of language that can be used in procurement/specification documents to specify compliance with requirements of SSPC-PA 1. Appendix C provides a list of additional SSPC
5、 reference materials.2. CONTENTS1. Scope2. Contents3. Referenced Standards4. Definitions5. Requirements for Handling and Storage of Coating6. Requirements to Address Before Coating Application7. General Requirements for Application of Coatings8. Requirements for Brush, Roll, and Spray Application 9.
6、 Requirements for Shop Coating 10. Requirements for Field Coating11. Repair of Existing Damaged Coatings12. Curing and Handling of Applied Coatings13. Inspection Requirements14. Disclaimer15. Notes3. REFERENCED STANDARDS3.1 The latest issue, amendment, or revision of the referenced documents in effe
7、ct at the time of publication of this standard is shown below and shall govern unless otherwise specified. Items preceded by an asterisk (*) are referenced in the Notes and are not requirements of the standard.3.2 If there is a conflict between the requirements of any of the cited reference document
8、s and this standard, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.3.3 SSPC DOCUMENTS:PA 2 (2015) Determining Compliance to Dry Coating Thickness Requirements PA 17 (2012) Determining Compliance to Steel ProfileRequirementsGuide 12 (1998) Guide for Illumination of Industrial Painting ProjectsGuide
9、 for Planning Coatings Inspection3.4 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) STANDARDS:1D16 (2014) Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and ApplicationsD660-93 (2011) Standard Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior PaintsD714-02 (2009) Standard Te
10、st Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of PaintsD4285-83 (2012) Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Compressed AirE337-15 Standard Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)3.5 NACE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD:2* SP0178 (2007) Fabri
11、cation Details, Surface Finishing Requirements, and Proper Design Considerations for Tanks and Vessels to be Lined for Immersion Service 4. DEFINITIONSBLISTERING: Formation of dome-shaped projections (blisters) in paints or varnish films resulting from local loss of adhesion and lifting of the film
12、from an underlying paint film 1 ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information, refer to the st
13、andards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.2 NACE International, 15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, Texas 77084. Phone 281-228-6200. SSPC-PA 1June 1, 20162(intercoat blistering) or the base substrate. The standard test method for evaluating the degree of blistering of paints is described in ASTM
14、D 714.CHECKING: Fine cracking that develops in paint films during prolonged curing or weathering which does not penetrate to the underlying surface. DEFECT: A surface or film imperfection (flaw), deficiency, or incompleteness that deviates from a specification or industry-accepted condition.DRIP: A
15、drop of wet coating that forms on or falls from the edge of the coated substrate.DRY SPRAY: A rough, powdery, non-coherent film produced when an atomized coating partially dries before reaching the intended surface.FIELD COATING: The on-site coating of new or previously coated metallic substrates.HO
16、LD POINT: Critical point in an operation where the processed is stopped until the work completed to date has been evaluated against the project specification or work standard.HOLIDAY: An unintentional void in a coating.INDUCTION TIME: Sometimes called “sweat-in time,” the time interval that must ela
17、pse after combining the mixed components of multi-component paint before satisfactory application can begin. MAINTENANCE PAINTING: (1) In broad terms, all painting on industrial structures conducted for protection or aesthetics; (2) Any coating work conducted subsequent to the coating work associate
18、d with construction to ensure continuous protection of coated surfaces.MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS AND RECOM-MENDATIONS: These (or similar terms such as Product Data Sheet) are used to refer to an equipment suppliers or coating manufacturers latest published or written instructions and recommendation
19、s. Approval of these recommendations shall be obtained from the facility owner or authorized representative. Oral recommendations or instructions from an equipment or coating manufacturer are not acceptable unless backed up in writing by the manufacturers technical staff.PAINT: Any pigmented liquid,
20、 liquefiable, or mastic composition designed for application to a substrate in a thin layer that is converted to an opaque solid film after application. Used for protection, decoration, identification, or to serve some other functional purposes.PINHOLE: A holiday or discontinuity that extends entire
21、ly through a coating film, approximately the size of a pin; normally caused by solvent bubbling, moisture, or foreign particles.POT LIFE: The length of time during which the mixed coating can be applied after combining two or more components of a multiple-component coating in accordance with the man
22、ufacturers product data sheet.PRECONSTRUCTION PRIMER: Thin primer coat for steel components, usually applied in a shop prior to construction of a structure, to provide temporary corrosion control during construction.PRETREATMENT: (1) Chemical treatment to prepare a bare metal surface for painting; (
23、2) A wash primer, such as vinyl butyral.PROCESS CONTROL PROCEDURE: A detailed written description of a process to ensure that it is performed and evaluated consistently. RUNS: Irregularities of a surface due to uneven flow, frequently due to application of a coat that is too heavy and not brushed ou
24、t well. Also known as “sags” or “curtains.”SAGGING: The irregular downward flow of wet paint under the force of gravity to produce a thicker lower edge.SHOP COATING: The surface preparation and coating of metallic substrates inside a shop or plant before shipment to the site, or when returned to the
25、 shop for refurbishment or repair.STRIPE COAT: A coat of paint applied to edges, welds, rivet or bolt heads, nuts, rivets and other irregular surfaces on steel structures before or after a full coat is applied to the entire surface. The stripe coat is intended to give those areas sufficient film bui
26、ld to resist corrosion.TIE COAT: A coating recommended by the manufacturer of a given paint system that creates an effective chemical or adhesive bond between two coats when the recoat window has been exceeded, or is needed to effect positive adhesion of a coating to a known existing coating system.
27、WORK PLAN: Document containing a list of all actions and procedures that a contractor should perform in logical sequence in order to meet all requirements of the procurement/specification documents.WRINKLING: A defect that creates small furrows or ridges in a coating film. 5. REQUIREMENTS FOR HANDLI
28、NG AND STORAGE OF COATING5.1 All coating shall be delivered to the shop or jobsite in original, unopened containers with labels intact. Minor damage to containers is acceptable provided the container has not been punctured or the lid seal broken. The shipment shall be checked upon receipt to verify
29、that: the correct material has been delivered the product was shipped in accordance with manufacturers shipping requirements all material is from the same batch, unless otherwise specified5.2 Each container of coating shall be clearly marked or labeled to show coating identification, date of manufac
30、ture, batch number, and other information as needed to meet regulatory requirements. The container label information shall be legible and shall be checked at the time of use to verify that the materials shelf life has not expired.Each type of coating shall be accompanied by the manufacturers Safety
31、Data Sheet (SDS) and product data sheet (PDS).5.3 Coatings shall be stored in original unopened containers in weather-tight spaces where the temperature is maintained between 40 F and 100 F (4 C and 38 C) unless otherwise recommended in writing by the manufacturer. The coating temperature shall be b
32、rought to the manufacturers SSPC-PA 1June 1, 20163written recommended application temperature before use. (See Note 15.1 for more information on coating storage.)5.4 Coating shall be used before its shelf life has expired. A coating that has exceeded its shelf life shall not be used unless the contr
33、actor or applicator, with permission from the facility owner or authorized representative, has first obtained a certificate of conformance (COC) from the coating manufacturer. The COC shall verify the acceptability of that batch of coating for use for a specified period of time. 5.5 All containers o
34、f coating shall remain unopened until required for use. Coating that has livered, gelled, or otherwise deteriorated during storage shall not be used. Thixotropic materials that are within the viscosity range specified on the product data sheet shall be stirred to attain normal consistency.6. REQUIRE
35、MENTS TO ADDRESS BEFORE COATING APPLICATION 6.1 AMBIGUOUS OR CONFLICTING APPLICATION INSTRUCTIONS OR REQUIREMENTS: Items needing clarification such as omissions, discrepancies, apparent errors, or conflicting requirements identified in the procurement/specification documents shall be identified, add
36、ressed and resolved prior to beginning the application process. The resolutions shall be documented. See Appendix A for additional information.6.2 EXEMPT SURFACES: The contractor shall ensure that areas, components and fittings exempt from coating as identified in the procurement/specification docum
37、ents are noted in any written communication with the application crew. The contractor shall ensure that the areas are protected with materials sufficient to withstand surface preparation and coating operations. If masking instructions are unclear or lacking in the project procurement/specification d
38、ocuments, the contractor shall obtain clarification from the facility owner or authorized representative or those who manage coating projects for the owner or authorized representative. Machine finished or similar surfaces that should not be coated, but do require protection, shall be protected as s
39、pecified.6.3 ILLUMINATION: The type of lighting fixtures and the level of illumination of the work area shall comply with the minimum requirements listed in SSPC-Guide 12 for the operation being performed (general work area, surface preparation and coating application, or inspection).6.4 SURFACE PRE
40、PARATION 6.4.1 Immediately prior to coating application, the surface to be coated shall meet the level of cleanliness, surface profile and other surface condition requirements (e.g., grinding of welds and sharp edges) specified in the procurement/specification documents. If surface preparation requi
41、rements are not addressed in the procurement/specification documents, the surface shall meet the level of cleanliness and surface profile requirements stated in the coating manufacturers written recommendations. Unless otherwise specified by the facility owner or authorized representative, the surfa
42、ce cleanliness and profile shall be within the coating manufacturers written recommendations for the intended service environment. If the surface to be coated is degraded or contaminated subsequent to surface preparation and prior to coating, the contractor shall verify that the surface has been res
43、tored to the specified condition before coating application (see Note 15.2). When verified in accordance with SSPC-PA 17, the surface profile shall be within the profile range appropriate for the coating as specified in the procurement/specification documents, as shown on the product data sheet, or
44、in the manufacturers written application instructions.6.4.2 Previously applied coating shall be roughened prior to overcoating whenever necessary for the development of proper intercoat adhesion (see Section 7.9). If special surface preparation procedures are required before application of field coa
45、ts, the coating manufacturers instructions shall be followed. 6.4.3 Weld Preparation: Before applying the coating, verify that all welds and all areas adjacent to welds meet, at minimum, the cleanliness level and profile range specified for the metallic substrate (see Section 7.4 and Note 15.3).6.5
46、REQUIRED AMBIENT CONDITIONS 6.5.1 Temperature: The application of a coating system shall occur only when the air and substrate temperatures are within the ranges indicated by the manufacturers written instructions for both application and curing and can be expected to remain in those ranges. Coating
47、s shall not be applied outside the manufacturers recommended temperature ranges without the written approval of the manufacturer and the facility owner or authorized representative (see Note 15.4). 6.5.2 Surface Moisture: Unless otherwise specified, or authorized by the facility owner or authorized
48、representative, coating shall not be applied in rain, wind, snow, fog, or mist, or when the metallic substrates surface temperature is less than 5 F (3 C) above the dew point. Coating shall not be applied to wet or damp surfaces unless the coating is formulated and certified by the manufacturer for
49、this type of application. Coating shall not be applied on frosted or ice-coated surfaces. 6.5.3 Humidity: Because curing of coatings may be adversely affected by humidity that is too low or too high, no coating shall be applied unless the manufacturers written recommendations for the humidity range are met (see Note 15.5).6.5.4 Wind Speed: Unless otherwise specified by the facility owner or authorized representative, exterior application of paint shall cease when wind velocity reaches 25 miles per hour or more at the point of application, either in gusts or at a s
