1、7-7SSPC-PA 1April 1, 2000Editorial Revisions November 1, 2004SSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsPAINT APPLICATION SPECIFICATION NO. 1Shop, Field, and Maintenance Painting of Steel1. Scope1.1 This specication covers procedures for the painting of steel surfaces. The scope of this specication is
2、 rather broad, covering both specic as well as general requirements for the application of paint. This specication does not provide detailed descriptions of surface preparation, pretreatments, or selection of primers and nish coats. This specication does provide detailed coverage of the procedures a
3、nd methods for application after the selection of the coating materials has been made.2. Description2.1 This specication for shop, eld, and maintenance painting is intended to be used for steel which, because of its exposure condition, will be subjected to corrosive attack, either from the weather o
4、r from the service environment, and where a high quality of cleaning and painting is essential. It is not contemplated that the requirements of this specication are necessary for the cleaning and painting of steel which will not be subjected to corrosive attack. The following is a summary of the maj
5、or sections of this specication.1. Scope 2. Description 3. Reference Standards 4. Denitions 5. Pre-Application Procedures5.1 Materials Handling and Use 5.2 Surface Preparation 5.3 Pretreatments 5.4 Coating Materials Preparation6. Factors Affecting the Application of Coatings6.1 Temperature 6.2 Moist
6、ure 6.3 Humidity 6.4 Cover 6.5 Defects 6.6 Striping 6.7 Continuity 6.8 Thickness 6.9 Recoating 6.10 Tinting 6.11 Intercoat Adhesion6.12 Contact Surfaces 6.13 Induction Time and Pot Life7. Application Methods 7.1 General 7.2 Brush Application7.3 Roller Application 7.4 Spray Application (General)7.5 A
7、ir Atomizing Spray Application 7.6 Airless Spray Application 7.7 Air-Assisted Airless Application7.8 Hot Air Spray Application 7.9 Hot Airless Spray Application 7.10 Plural Component Spray Application 7.11 High Volume Low-Pressure Spray8. Shop Coating8.1 Applicability 8.2 Number of Coats and Type of
8、 Coating8.3 Damage to Shop Coating 8.4 Contact Surfaces 8.5 Requirements for Welding8.6 Rust Preventive Compounds 8.7 Erection Marks9. Field Coating 9.1 Applicability 9.2 Surface Preparation 9.3 Touch-up of Shop Coated Surfaces 9.4 Field Coating Procedures10. Repair of Damaged Intact Coatings 10.1 A
9、pplicability 10.2 Surface Preparation for Recoating 10.3 Incompatibility 10.4 Work to be Performed11. Application Procedures for Generic Groups ofCoatings 11.1 General 11.2 Drying Oil Curing Coatings 11.3 Vinyls and Chlorinated Rubber Coatings 11.4 Bituminous Coatings 11.5 Epoxy and Coal Tar Epoxy C
10、oatings 11.6 Zinc-Rich Coatings 11.7 Urethane Coatings 11.8 Waterborne Thermoplastic Coatings12. Curing and Handling of Coatings 12.1 Drying of Coatings 12.2 Handling of Coated Steel13. Inspection 14. Safety and Environmental Concerns 15. Disclaimer 16. Notes Appendix A - Additional Reference Materi
11、als 3. Referenced Standards3.1 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the refer-enced standards in effect on the date of invitation to bid shall govern unless otherwise specied.7-8SSPC-PA 1April 1, 2000Editorial Revisions November 1, 20043.2 If there is a conict between the requirements of any
12、of the cited reference standards and this specication, the requirements of this specication shall prevail.3.3 SSPC: THE SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE COAT-INGS STANDARDS:PA 2 Measurement of Dry Coating Thick-ness With Magnetic Gages PA Guide 3 A Guide to Safety in Paint Applica-tion SP 1 Solvent Cleaning (
13、not referenced in body of spec)3.4 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATE-RIALS (ASTM) STANDARDS:D 16 Standard Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, and ApplicationsD 4285 Method for Indicating Oil or Water in Com-pressed Air3.7 NACE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD:* RP0178 Fabrication Details,
14、Surface Finishing Re-quirements, and Proper Design Considerations for Tanks and Vessels to be Lined for Immersion Service 4. Denitions4.1 SHOP, FIELD AND MAINTENANCE COATING: The application of coatings to steel surfaces whether in the shop or in the eld.4.2 PAINT: In the general sense, paint includ
15、es primers, enamels, varnishes, emulsions, catalyzed coatings, bituminous coatings, and other organic coatings. Inorganic coatings which are also applied as liquid lms are included in this denition. This denition is compatible with most commonly used industry glossaries.4.3 SHOP COATING: The surface
16、 preparation and coat-ing of steel surfaces inside a shop or plant before shipment to the site of erection.4.4 FIELD COATING: The on-site coating of new or previ-ously coated steel structures before or after erection.4.5 MAINTENANCE COATING: The coating of steel structures in service that have been
17、previously coated and require touch-up or recoating.4.6 MANUFACTURERS INSTRUCTIONS AND REC-OMMENDATIONS: These (or similar terms) are used to refer to an equipment suppliers or coating manufacturers latest published or written instructions and recommendations. Verbal recommendations or instructions
18、from an equipment or coating manufacturer are not acceptable unless backed up in writing by the manufacturers technical staff.5. Pre-Application Procedures See Section 11 for procedures unique to specic generic coatings.5.1 MATERIALS HANDLING AND USE5.1.1 All coating shall be delivered to the shop o
19、r jobsite in original, unopened containers with labels intact. Minor dam-age to containers is acceptable provided the container has not been punctured or the lid seal broken.5.1.2 Each container of coating shall be clearly marked or labelled to show coating identication, date of manufacture, batch n
20、umber, and other information as needed to meet regula-tory requirements. Each type of coating shall be accompanied by the manufacturers Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and product data sheet containing information such as basic chemical composition, weather conditions acceptable for ap-plication,
21、and proper storing and mixing.5.1.3 All containers of coating shall remain unopened until required for use. No more containers of coating shall be opened than will be applied that day. The label information shall be legible and shall be checked at the time of use.5.1.4 Coating which has livered, gel
22、led, or otherwise dete-riorated during storage shall not be used; however, thixotropic materials which can be stirred to attain normal consistency may be used.5.1.5 The oldest coating of each kind that is in acceptable condition shall be used rst. In every case, coating is to be used before its shel
23、f life has expired. Before using a coating which has exceeded its shelf life, the manufacturer shall verify its quality and then certify its use for a given period of time.5.1.6 Coatings shall be stored in original unopened containers in weathertight spaces where the temperature is maintained betwee
24、n 40 F and 100 F (4 C and 38 C) unless otherwise recommended in writing by the manufacturer. The coating temperature shall be brought to the manufacturers written recommended application temperature before use. (See Note 16.1 for more information on coating storage.)5.2 SURFACE PREPARATION5.2.1 The
25、surface shall be cleaned as specied in the procurement documents. In no event shall the surface prepara-tion be less than the paint manufacturers recommendations for the intended service environment.5.2.2 The surface to be coated shall have the specied surface preparation at the time of application
26、of the coating. If the surface is degraded or contaminated subsequent to 7-9SSPC-PA 1April 1, 2000Editorial Revisions November 1, 2004surface preparation and prior to coating, the surface shall be restored to the specied condition before coating application (see Note 16.2).5.2.3 In order to control
27、the degradation or contamination of cleaned surfaces, the pretreatments, or, in the absence of a pretreatment, the prime coat shall be applied as soon as possible after the surface has been cleaned and before degradation or contamination has occurred. Succeeding coats shall be applied before contami
28、nation of any existing coating occurs.5.2.4 Previously applied coating shall be roughened prior to coating whenever necessary for the development of proper intercoat adhesion (see Section 6.11).5.2.5 Cleaning and coating shall be scheduled to minimize the amount of dust and other contaminants that m
29、ay fall on newly applied wet coating lms. Surfaces not intended to be coated shall be suitably protected from the effects of cleaning and coating operations.5.3 PRETREATMENTS5.3.1 When specied, the surface shall be pretreated prior to application of the prime coat of coating.5.3.2. The provisions of
30、 Sections 5.1 and 5.2 shall also apply to pretreated surfaces and the materials used for this purpose.5.3.3 When chemical pretreatments are used, sufcient time shall elapse between pretreatment and application of the prime coat to permit any chemical action to be completed and the surface to dry. Tw
31、o-component pretreatments shall be ap-plied within the specied interval after mixing. When proprietary pretreatments are used, the instructions of the manufacturer shall be followed.5.3.4 Inhibitive water washes used to prevent rusting of cleaned surfaces prior to coating shall not be considered pre
32、-treatments. These may be used only if they do not adversely affect the long term performance of the coating and are speci-cally authorized. Test patches may be used to check adhesion of the coating prior to coating the entire surface.5.4 COATING MATERIALS PREPARATION5.4.1 Single component coatings
33、shall be thoroughly mixed to obtain a uniform composition. For multiple component coatings, each component shall be thoroughly mixed before combining and further mixing. In all cases, the manufacturers written instructions for mixing shall be followed, and the products shall be checked for complete
34、uniformity.5.4.2 The following are acceptable methods for mixing most coatings:5.4.2.1 Manual (Hand) Mixing: Most of the vehicle shall be poured off into a clean container. The pigment in the coating shall be lifted from the bottom of the container with a broad, at paddle, lumps shall be broken up,
35、and the pigment thoroughly mixed with the remaining vehicle. The poured off vehicle shall be returned to the coating with simultaneous stirring, or boxed until the composition is uniform. “Boxing” is the process of mixing coating by pouring from one container to another. The maximum container size f
36、or “boxing” shall be ve gallons.5.4.2.2 Power Mixing: This will usually give better mixing in a much shorter time than mixing by hand.5.4.3 All pigmented coating shall be strained after mixing except where application equipment is provided with strainers. Strainers shall be of a size to remove only
37、skins and undesir-able matter but not to remove the pigment.5.4.4 Where a skin has formed in the container, the skin shall be cut loose from the sides of the container, removed and discarded. If the volume of such skins is visually estimated to be more than 2% of the remaining coating, the coating s
38、hall not be used.5.4.5 Mixing of solvent-containing coatings in open containers shall be done in a well ventilated area away from sparks or ames.5.4.6 Coating shall not be mixed or kept in suspension by means of an air stream bubbling under the coating surface.5.4.7 Dry pigments which are separately
39、 packaged shall be mixed into coatings in such a manner that they are uniformly blended and all particles of the dry powder are wetted by the vehicle.5.4.8 Pastes shall be made into coatings in such a manner that the paste shall be uniformly blended and all lumps and particles broken up to form a ho
40、mogenous coating.5.4.9 Coating which does not have a limited pot life or does not deteriorate on standing may be mixed at any time before using, but if settling or phase separation has occurred it must be remixed immediately before using.5.4.10 Coating shall not remain in spray pots, painters bucket
41、s, etc., overnight, but shall be stored in a covered con-tainer and remixed before use.5.4.11 Catalysts, curing agents, or hardeners which are separately packaged shall be added to the base coating only after the latter has been thoroughly mixed. The proper volume of the catalyst shall then be slowl
42、y poured into the required volume of base with constant agitation. Mixing of complete kits is preferred to avoid mixing incorrect ratios of 7-10SSPC-PA 1April 1, 2000Editorial Revisions November 1, 2004components. Do not pour off the liquid which has separated from the pigment and then add the catal
43、yst to the settled pig-ment to aid mixing. The mixture shall be used within the pot life specied by the manufacturer. For example, more than 20 minutes and less than eight hours after mixing are the pot life limits for some chemically cured coatings (see Section 6.13). Therefore only enough coating
44、should be catalyzed for prompt use. Most mixed, catalyzed coatings cannot be stored, and unused portions of these shall be placed in proper storage containers for later appropriate disposal. When specied, special continuous mixing equipment shall be used according to the manufacturers directions.5.4
45、.12 Thinning of the coating shall be done only when necessary for proper application and when it will not result in violation of air pollution control regulations. Coatings to be ap-plied by brush will usually require no thinning. Coatings to be sprayed, if not specically formulated for spraying, ma
46、y require thinning when proper adjustment of the spray equipment and air pressure does not result in satisfactory coating application. In no case shall more thinner be added than that recommended by the manufacturers written instructions.5.4.13 The type of thinner shall comply with the manu-facturer
47、s instructions.5.4.14 When the use of thinner is permissible, thinner shall be added slowly to coating during the mixing process. All thinning shall be done under supervision of a knowledge-able person acquainted with the correct amount and type of thinner to be added to the coating and familiar wit
48、h pertinent regulations relating to solvent emissions. Thinner should be at the same temperature as the coating material. At very low temperatures, thinners can shock sensitive coating materials, resulting in gelling.6. Factors Affecting Application of CoatingsSee Section 11 for factors unique to sp
49、ecic generic coatings.6.1 TEMPERATURE: The application of a coating system shall occur only when the air and substrate temperature is within the range indicated by the manufacturers written instructions for both application and curing and can be expected to remain in that range. Special coating materials are available that would allow for application below 60F with or without further adjustment. (See Note 16.3.)6.2 MOISTURE: Coating shall not be applied in rain, wind, snow, fog, or mist, or when the steel surface temperature is less than
