1、SSPC-Guide 6May 4, 20151SSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsTechnology Guide No. 6GUIDE FOR CONTAINING SURFACE PREPARATION DEBRIS GENERATED DURING PAINT REMOVAL OPERATIONS1. SCOPE1.1 This guide describes methods of paint removal, containment systems, and procedures for minimizing or preventing
2、emissions from escaping the work area, and procedures for assessing the adequacy of the controls over emissions.1.2 The containment systems are categorized in up to four classes per type of paint removal method, based on the extent to which emissions are controlled.1.3 This guide is primarily intend
3、ed for use with steel structures; however, some of the methods and materials may be suited for use on concrete, aluminum, wood, or other materials of construction.1.4 This guide is intended for use by facility owners, specifiers, designers, and contractors. It may also be used by other interested pa
4、rties.1.5 A discussion of ventilation is included in the guide to assist users in both controlling emissions to the environment, and in enhancing worker protection and visibility within the containment. It is important to recognize that ventilation systems alone may or may not be sufficient to fully
5、 protect workers when the paint being removed contains lead or other toxic metals, and additional work practice and/or administrative controls and respiratory protection may be required to control worker exposures. Requirements or evaluation methods for worker health and safety are outside the scope
6、 of this guide. Note: When toxic metals are referenced in the Guide, lead is often used as the example. This should not be construed to imply that lead is the only toxic metal contained in paints or abrasives, or that lead is the only toxic metal addressed in regulations. A number of toxic metals ma
7、y be present in paint and abrasives, and regulations are available to address many of them.2. DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITIONS2.1 GENERAL: During surface preparation, airborne particulate and debris from the removal of paint (particularly paints containing lead, cadmium, and chromate pigments) can contam
8、inate the air, soil, and water surrounding work sites. The potential environmental hazards are reduced by minimizing or eliminating the airborne particulate, and by containing and collecting the debris. Controlling airborne particulate and other emissions may be necessary to comply with federal, sta
9、te, and local regulations.2.2 OUTLINE OF GUIDE2.2.1 Procedures Included in this guide: Selecting Methods of Surface Preparation and Debris Collection (Section 4.1) Specifying Containment Systems (Section 4.2) Selecting Methods for Assessing the Quantity of Emissions (Section 4.3) Implementing Contai
10、nment Project (Section 4.4)2.2.2 The guide also includes descriptions and commentaries on: Methods of Coating Removal (Section 5.1) Methods of Collecting Debris (Section 5.2) Containment Enclosure Components (Section 5.3) Ventilation System Components (Section 5.4) Methods for Assessing Quantity of
11、Emissions (Section 5.5)2.3 DEFINITIONS2.3.1 Action Level for Lead: Employee exposure, without regard to the use of respirators, to an airborne concentration of lead of 30 micrograms per cubic meter of air (30 g/m3) calculated as an eight-hour TWA per OSHA General Industry Standard 29 CFR 1910.1025 a
12、nd OSHA Construction Industry Standard 29 CFR 1926.62. 2.3.2 Containment System: A containment system includes the cover panels, screens, tarps, scaffolds, supports, and shrouds used to enclose an entire work area or a paint removal tool. The purpose is to minimize or prevent the debris generated du
13、ring surface preparation from entering into the environment, and to facilitate the controlled collection of the debris for disposal. Containment systems may also employ the use of ground covers or water booms.2.3.3 Emissions: When used in this guide, emissions from the containment that require contr
14、ol include airborne plumes of material, as well as spills or leaks of water, abrasive, paint chips, and debris.2.3.3 Ventilation System: Ventilation systems include both natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation (fans, SSPC-Guide 6May 4, 20152hoods, and duct work), to provide air movement acros
15、s the work area, and dust collectors to clean the discharged air.2.3.4 PM-10: Particulate matter (dust) less than 10 micrometers (0.39 mils) in aerodynamic equivalent diameter. (Aerodynamic equivalent diameter is defined as the diameter of a unit density sphere having the same settling velocity as t
16、he particle in question, regardless of its shape and density.) 2.3.5 Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for Lead: Maximum allowable employee average exposure per OSHA General Industry Standard 29 CFR 1910.1025 and OSHA Construction Industry Standard 29 CFR 1926.62.2.3.6 Time Weighted Average (TWA): Co
17、ncentrations of airborne toxic materials that have been weighted for a certain time duration, usually eight hours.2.3.7 Impenetrable: Impervious to dust and wind.2.3.8 Impermeable: Impervious to water. 3. REFERENCED DOCUMENTS3.1 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the referenced standards in
18、 effect on the date of invitation to bid shall govern, unless otherwise specified. Standards marked with an asterisk (*) are referenced only in the Notes, which are not requirements of this specification.3.2 If there is a conflict between the requirements of any of the cited referenced standards and
19、 this specification, the requirements of this specification shall prevail.NOTE: New governmental regulations or amendments to existing ones become effective as scheduled by the governmental agency, independent of the date of bid.3.3 SSPC: THE SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE COATINGSAB 2 Specification for Cle
20、anliness of Recycled Ferrous Metallic Abrasives Guide 7 Guide for the Disposal of Lead-Contaminated Surface Preparation DebrisGuide 16 Guide to Selection of Dust CollectorsGuide 18 Specifiers Guide for Determining Containment Class and Environmental Monitoring Strategies for Lead-Paint Removal Proje
21、ctsTU 7 Conducting Ambient Air, Soil, and Water Sampling During Surface Preparation and Paint Disturbance Activities3.4 U. S. CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS:129 CFR 1926.57 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, Subpart D Occu-pational Health and Environmental Controls (Ventilation)29 CFR 1926
22、.62 Safety and Health Regulations for Construction, Subpart D Occupational Health and Environmental Controls (Lead)29 CFR 1910.1025 Occupational Safety and Health Standards Subpart Z Toxic and Hazardous Substances (Lead) 3.5 AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF GOVERNMENTAL INDUSTRIAL HYGIENISTS:2* Industrial Ven
23、tilation A Manual of Recommended Practice3.6 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI):3* ANSI Z9.2 (1979) Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Local Exhaust Systems* ANSI Z9.2 (2001) Fundamentals Governing the Design and Operation of Exhaust Systems* ANSI/AIHA Z9.4 (1997) Exhaust S
24、ystems - Abrasive Blasting Operations Venti-lation and Safe Practice 3.7 NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION4NFPA 701 Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles and Films4. PROCEDURES4.1 SELECTING METHODS OF SURFACE PREPARATION AND DEBRIS COLLECTION4.1.1 Surface Preparation Me
25、thod: Prior to selecting and specifying a containment system, it is necessary to determine the method to be used for surface preparation of the steel. Considerations for selecting surface preparation follow.4.1.1.1 Coatings can be removed from the surface by a variety of techniques. These include: A
26、brasive blasting (e.g. open blasting with expendable abrasives, open blasting with reusable abrasives, vacuum closed blasting with reusable abrasives, nonrecirculating closed blast systems).1 Downloads from the Code of Federal Regulations are available at 3 American National Standards Institute, 181
27、9 L Street. NW, Suite 600, Washington DC 036. Standards available online from 4 National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy MA 02169. Standards available from SSPC-Guide 6May 4, 20153 Water blasting and pressurized waterjetting (with or without abrasives). Chemical stripping. H
28、and and power tool cleaning (with and without localized exhaust).4.1.1.2 Methods vary significantly in their productivity, degree of cleanliness and surface profile achieved, utility and support requirements, dust and waste produced, clean-up required, and costs. For example, open abrasive blasting
29、with expendable abrasives requires the greatest quantity of abrasive and produces the greatest quantity of dust and debris. Methods that do not utilize abrasive generally produce the least amount of dust and debris.NOTE: The toxicity characteristic of the waste is independent of the volume of the wa
30、ste generated (e.g., paint chips alone or paint chips combined with abrasive). It should also be noted that the abrasive used for abrasive blast cleaning might contain toxic components.4.1.1.3 Before specifying a method of surface preparation, the manufacturer of the coating to be applied should be
31、consulted to assure that the degree of cleaning and surface profile produced will be satisfactory for coating system performance.4.1.2 Methods for Collecting Debris: Debris may be collected from the surface at the point of cleaning (e.g., with vacuum) or from the general work area. The collection me
32、thod should be selected in conjunction with the paint removal method and the containment system design to assure a completely integrated operation. The debris should be collected on a regular basis and not left to accumulate over the course of a job. Methods of collecting debris are described in Sec
33、tion 5.2.In addition to collecting debris within containment, debris that escapes the contained area should be removed on a routine basis (e.g., end of work day, or as specified) to prevent winds or rain from carrying it onto surrounding property, into soil, ground, or storm sewers, or into bodies o
34、f water.4.2 SPECIFYING CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS4.2.1 The facility owner or representative should specify the class of containment required and/or the environmental monitoring criteria that will be used to verify the containments effectiveness. The specified containment should be maintained in accordance
35、with the approved design throughout the course of surface preparation. Because of uncertainties in the measurement and significance of containment efficiencies, it is not a good practice to simply specify a level or percent of containment. Methods for specifying containment systems and items that sh
36、ould be considered are found in Sections 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. Containment for paint application is beyond the scope of this guide. SSPC Guide 18 provides additional information about selecting and specifying containment classes. SSPC-TU 7 provides additional information about selecting and specifying mo
37、nitoring requirements, 4.2.2 Containment System Classes: The classifications described below vary in the degree to which the containment design can be effective in controlling emissions of dust and debris into the environment. Note that emissions requiring control include spills and leaks of materia
38、l in addition to plumes of airborne dust and debris.The degree of emissions control is greatest for Class 1 and least for Class 4. Selection of a containment system with greater emission control capability is required for surface prep-aration methods that produce the greatest quantity of dust and de
39、bris. Containments with lesser emissions control capability are required for surface preparation methods that produce lesser quantities of dust and debris. For each containment system described in this Guide, the Class designation (Class 1, 2, 3, or 4) is provided first, followed by a letter. The le
40、tter repre-sents the method of preparation (A abrasive blast cleaning, W wet methods of preparation, C chemical stripping, and P hand and power tool cleaning). For example, a Class 1 containment for abrasive blast cleaning (designated 1A) involves the use of more elaborate containment components tha
41、n Class 1 for power tool cleaning (designated 1P). For this reason, individual tables have been prepared to identify the containment components for each of the classes according to the type of removal method.When vacuum shrouding is employed around the removal tool, controls equivalent to Class 1 ma
42、y be achieved through the use of ground covers or free hanging tarpaulins.4.2.2.1 Class 1: This system provides the highest level of emissions control. For abrasive blast cleaning, Class 1A normally requires air-impenetrable walls, ceiling, and floors, as applicable, with rigid or flexible framing,
43、fully sealed joints, airlock or resealable entryways, and negative air pressure achieved by forced or natural air flow (verified by instrument or visual monitoring) and exhaust air filtration. For wet methods of preparation, Class 1W normally requires water-impermeable walls, ceiling, and floors wit
44、h rigid or flexible framing, fully sealed joints, resealable entryways, and negative air achieved by forced or natural air flow (verified visually) and exhaust air filtration.For chemical stripping, Class 1C normally requires water-impermeable and chemical-resistant walls, ceiling, and floors, as ap
45、plicable, and floors with rigid or flexible framing, fully sealed joints and overlapping entryways, and forced or natural air flow with exhaust air filtration. When pressure washing is used to remove the dislodged paint, it may be necessary to specify one of the containments from Table W for the con
46、trol of the water and waste.For hand or power tool cleaning, Class 1P normally requires air-impenetrable walls with rigid or flexible framing, fully sealed joints, resealable entryways, and negative air achieved through forced or natural air flow (verified visually) and exhaust air filtration.4.2.2.
47、2 Class 2: This system provides a high level of emissions control. SSPC-Guide 6May 4, 20154For abrasive blast cleaning, Class 2A normally utilizes air-impenetrable walls, ceiling, and floors, as applicable, with rigid or flexible framing, fully sealed joints, partially sealed entryways, negative air
48、 pressure achieved by forced or natural air flow (verified visually) and exhaust air filtration.For wet methods of preparation, Class 2W normally requires water-impermeable walls, ceiling, and floors, as applicable, rigid or flexible framing, fully sealed joints, overlapping entryways, and natural a
49、ir flow.For chemical stripping, Class 2C normally requires water-impermeable and chemical-resistant walls, ceiling, and floors, as applicable, and floors with rigid or flexible framing, fully sealed joints, overlapping entryways, and natural air flow. When pressure washing is used to remove the dislodged paint, it may be necessary to specify one of the containments from Table W for the control of the water and waste.For hand or power tool cleaning, Class 2P normally requires air-penetrable or -impenetrable walls, ceiling, and floors, as applicable, rigid or
