1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21840-9 SANS 687:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Inspection and testing of non-fixed load-lifting attachments Published by SA
4、BS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 96, Cranes, in
5、 accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in August 2008. Reference is made in 2.3 to the “relevant national authority”. In South Africa this means the Department of Labour. Reference is made in 4.1.3,
6、 5.1.3, 6.1.3 and 7.1.3 to the “relevant national legislation”. In South Africa this means the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993). Annex A is for information only. SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions3 3 General requirements3 4 Inspectio
7、n and testing of mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachments4 5 Inspection and testing of vacuum non-fixed load-lifting attachments6 6 Inspection and testing of close-proximity-operated magnets8 7 Inspection and testing of remote-operated magnets.9 Annex A (informative) Types of non-fixed load-lif
8、ting attachments11 Bibliography.19 SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 3 Inspection and testing of non-fixed load-lifting attachments 1 Scope This standard covers provisions for inspection and testing of non-fixed load-lifting attachments that are
9、in service. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply. 2.1 breakaway force external force that is required to separate the vacuum pad or vacuum non-fixed load-lifting attachment from the load when applied perpendicular to the attachment surface 2.2 cold current
10、 current drawn by the lifting magnet when a coil is at 20 C and at a rated voltage 2.3 LMI lifting machinery inspector person who is registered by the relevant national authority (see foreword) for inspecting, testing and examination of lifting equipment 2.4 non-fixed load-lifting attachment lifting
11、 attachment that can be fitted directly or indirectly to the hook or any other coupling device of a lifting machine by the user without affecting the integrity of the machine NOTE Examples of non-fixed load-lifting attachments are given in annex A. 2.5 rated load maximum load for which the non-fixed
12、 load-lifting attachments are designated by the manufacturer 3 General requirements 3.1 Any periodical inspection and testing shall be conducted by the LMI. The report of periodical inspection and testing shall be completed and signed off by the LMI. SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 4 3.2 The LMI shall perfo
13、rm a risk assessment of the working conditions and environment, and shall make the necessary arrangements to conduct the inspections and tests safely. 3.3 Every user of the non-fixed load-lifting attachments shall at all times keep on his/her premises a register in which he/she shall record full par
14、ticulars of any inspection and testing prescribed in this standard and any modification or repair to the non-fixed load-lifting attachment. The user shall ensure that the register is available at request for inspection by the LMI. 3.4 In the absence of a register for modification or alteration that
15、is issued by the original manufacturer of the non-fixed load-lifting attachment, his/her approved agent or design authority, the LMI shall reject the modified or altered attachment. 3.5 Non-fixed load-lifting attachments shall be legibly and indelibly marked (for example with weatherproof, profiled
16、letters) with at least the following details: a) the manufacturers name (contractors name if the non-fixed load-lifting attachment is fabricated on site); b) the weight of the non-fixed load-lifting attachment; c) the serial number (if applicable); d) the rated capacity; e) the electric power (when
17、applicable); f) the pressure and volume of compressed air (on vacuum non-fixed load-lifting attachments, where applicable) and g) the cold current (magnets, close-proximity-operated/remote-operated non-fixed load-lifting attachments). 4 Inspection and testing of mechanical non-fixed load-lifting att
18、achments 4.1 Inspections 4.1.1 Initial inspection Before their initial use, the following mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachments shall be inspected and tested by the LMI: a) new mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachments that do not prove compliance with generally accepted technical standa
19、rds; and b) mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachments that are modified or repaired. 4.1.2 Frequent inspection 4.1.2.1 The operator or other designated person shall visually inspect each mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachment at the beginning of each shift or before use for the following i
20、tems or conditions: SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 5 a) Structural deformation, cracks, or excessive wear on any part. b) Loose or missing guards, fasteners, covers, stops, or nameplates. c) All operating mechanisms and automatic hold-and-release mechanisms for incorrect adjustments that interfere with ope
21、ration. 4.1.2.2 The operator or other designated person shall carefully examine any deficiencies and determine whether they constitute a hazard. Deficiencies noted during the inspection shall be corrected before the mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachment is used. 4.1.3 Periodic inspection 4.1.
22、3.1 The LMI shall perform a complete inspection at intervals not exceeding that specified in the relevant national legislation (see foreword). 4.1.3.2 The periodic inspection shall include the items and conditions listed in 4.1.2, in addition to checks for the following: a) loose bolts or fasteners;
23、 b) suspect/counterfeit parts; c) cracked or worn gears, pulleys, sheaves, sprockets, bearings, chains and belts; d) excessive wear of friction pads, linkages and other mechanical parts; e) excessive wear at hoist-attaching points and load-support shackles or pins; and f) external evidence of damage
24、 to motors or controls. 4.2 Testing 4.2.1 Test intervals All mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachments referred to in 4.1.1 shall be tested in accordance with 4.2.2 and 4.2.3 before initial use. Thereafter the tests shall be conducted at least every twelve months. 4.2.2 Operational test 4.2.2.1
25、Operational testing shall include the following: a) Mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachments with moving parts shall be tested to confirm that they operate in accordance with manufacturers instructions. b) Mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachments with manually operated or automatic latches
26、 shall be tested to verify that the latches operate in accordance with manufacturers instructions. 4.2.2.2 All indicator lights, gages, horns, bells, alarms, pointers, and other warning devices shall be tested. SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 6 4.2.3 Rated load test 4.2.3.1 Test loads shall not be less than
27、 the rated capacity, and not more than 110 % of the rated capacity unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. Test weights shall be accurate to within 1 % of stipulated values. 4.2.3.2 The rated load test shall consist of the following: a) Hoist the test load a sufficient distance to ensure t
28、hat it is supported by the mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachment, or apply the test load if the test is made using a testing machine. Personnel shall remain clear of suspended loads. b) Visually inspect the mechanical non-fixed load-lifting attachment for deformation, cracks, or other defects
29、 after the load test is completed. 5 Inspection and testing of vacuum non-fixed load-lifting attachments 5.1 Inspections 5.1.1 Initial inspection Before their initial use, the following vacuum non-fixed load-lifting attachments shall be inspected and tested by the LMI: a) new vacuum non-fixed load-l
30、ifting attachments that do not prove compliance with generally accepted technical standards; and b) vacuum non-fixed load-lifting attachments that are modified or repaired. 5.1.2 Frequent inspection 5.1.2.1 The operator or other designated person shall inspect each vacuum non-fixed load-lifting atta
31、chment at the beginning of each shift or before use. 5.1.2.2 The inspection shall be for the following: a) deformation, cracks, and excessive wear of load-bearing parts; b) adequate vacuum generator output; c) cuts, tears, excessive wear, and foreign particles at vacuum pad seal rings; d) leakage, c
32、uts, kinks, and collapsed areas of vacuum lines/connections; e) leaks or damage to the vacuum reservoir; and f) failure of the entire vacuum system to function properly by attaching a non-porous, clean test plate to the vacuum pads and then stopping the vacuum source. Vacuum levels in the system sha
33、ll not decrease by more than the manufacturers specified rate. 5.1.3 Periodic inspection 5.1.3.1 The LMI shall perform a complete inspection at intervals not exceeding that specified in the relevant national legislation (see foreword). SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 7 5.1.3.2 The periodic inspection shall
34、include the conditions specified in 5.1.2, in addition to checks for the following: a) external evidence of looseness, wear, deformation, cracking, or corrosion; b) external evidence of damage to supporting structure, motors, controls, and other auxiliary components; and c) suspect/counterfeit parts
35、. 5.2 Testing 5.2.1 Test intervals All vacuum non-fixed load-lifting attachments referred to in 5.1.1 shall be tested in accordance with 5.2.2 and 5.2.3 before initial use. Thereafter the tests shall be conducted at least every twelve months. 5.2.2 Operational test 5.2.2.1 Test seals and connections
36、 for leaks by attaching a non-porous, clean test plate to the vacuum pads and then stopping the vacuum source. The vacuum level in the system shall not decrease by more than the rate specified by the manufacturer. 5.2.2.2 Test indicator lights, gauges, horns, bells, pointers, or other warning device
37、s and vacuum level indicators for proper operation. 5.2.3 Rated load test 5.2.3.1 Test loads shall not be less than the rated capacity, and not more than 110 % of the rated capacity unless otherwise recommended by the manufacturer. Test weights shall be accurate to within 1 % of stipulated values. 5
38、.2.3.2 The rated load test shall consist of at least the steps given in 5.2.3.3 to 5.2.3.7. 5.2.3.3 Attach pads to the designated test load. 5.2.3.4 Raise the test load at minimum distance to ensure that it is supported by the vacuum-non-fixed load-lifting attachment and hold it for 2 min. 5.2.3.5 R
39、emain clear of the suspended load. 5.2.3.6 Lower and release the load. 5.2.3.7 Visually inspect the vacuum non-fixed load-lifting attachment for defects and correct any deficiencies before returning the device to service. SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 8 6 Inspection and testing of close-proximity-operated
40、 magnets 6.1 Inspections 6.1.1 Initial inspection Before their initial use, the following close-proximity-operated magnets shall be inspected and tested by the LMI: a) close-proximity-operated magnets that do not prove compliance with generally accepted technical standards; and b) close-proximity-op
41、erated magnets that are modified or repaired. 6.1.2 Frequent inspection 6.1.2.1 The operator or other designated person shall visually inspect each close-proximity-operated magnet at the beginning of each shift or before use. 6.1.2.2 Inspection of the following shall be included: a) the lifting magn
42、et face for freedom from foreign materials and for smoothness; b) the lifting bail or sling suspension for proper condition; c) the control handle for proper condition and operation; d) the current indicator, where applicable, for proper condition and operation; e) labels, markings, and indicators o
43、r meters for legibility; f) electrical conductors, if applicable, for loose connections, continuity, corrosion, and damage to insulation; and g) the battery for the correct electrolyte level and lack of corrosion of battery posts or connectors, if applicable. 6.1.3 Periodic inspection 6.1.3.1 The LM
44、I shall perform a complete inspection at intervals not exceeding that specified in the relevant national legislation (see foreword). 6.1.3.2 The periodic inspection shall include those items specified in 6.1.2, in addition to checks for the following: a) Deformation, wear, and corrosion of all membe
45、rs, fasteners, locks, switches, warning labels, and lifting parts. b) Suspect/counterfeit parts. c) Operation and condition of electrical components (i.e. meters, indicators and alarms). d) Magnet coil tested for ohmic/ground readings and readings in accordance with manufacturers standards. 6.1.3.3
46、The LMI shall inspect a lifting magnet that has been idle for one month or more in accordance with periodic inspection requirements before placing it in service. SANS 687:2008 Edition 1 9 6.2 Testing 6.2.1 Test intervals All close-proximity-operated magnets referred to in 6.1.1 shall be tested in ac
47、cordance with 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 before initial use. Thereafter the tests shall be conducted at least every twelve months. 6.2.2 Operational test 6.2.2.1 Testing shall include the following: a) a check to ensure that the lifting magnet contains no visible defects; and b) a check for proper operation of
48、 all electrical protective equipment, meters, indicators, alarms, etc. 6.2.2.2 All indicator lights, gauges, horns, bells, alarms, pointers, and other warning devices shall be tested. 6.2.3 Rated load test 6.2.3.1 General-application magnets shall satisfy the rated breakaway-force test. The breakawa
49、y force measured in this test shall exceed the rated load (capacity) by a factor of at least 2. 6.2.3.2 Specified-application magnets shall comply with the application breakaway-force test. The breakaway forces measured in this test shall exceed the specified application load (capacity) by a factor of at least 2. 6.2.3.3 The rated breakaway-force test shall establish the breakaway force required to vertically remove the lifting magnet from a low-carbon rolled-steel plate of the minimum thickness stated by the magnet manufacturer. The portion of this plate in contact with the mag
