1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22275-8 SANS 60034-4:2009Edition 2IEC 60034-4:2008Edition 3SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Rotating electrical machines Part 4: Methods fo
4、r determining synchronous machine quantities from tests This national standard is the identical implementation of IEC 60034-4:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 P
5、retoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 60034-4:2009 Edition 2 IEC 60034-4:2008 Edition 3 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 61, Rotating electrical machinery, in accor
6、dance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in August 2009. This SANS document supersedes SANS 60034-4:1985 (edition 1 as modified by IEC amdt 1:1995 and nat. amdt 1:2006). IEC 60034-4Edition 3.0 2008-05I
7、NTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALERotating electrical machines Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests Machines lectriques tournantes Partie 4: Mthodes pour la dtermination, partir dessais, des grandeurs des machines synchrones INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL
8、 COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE XCICS 29.160 PRICE CODECODE PRIXISBN 2-8318-9706-8SANS 60034-4:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS . 2 60034-4 IEC:2008 CONTENTS FOREWORD.7 1 Scope.9 2 Normative references
9、 .9 3 Terms and definitions .9 4 Symbols and units 14 5 Overview of tests15 6 Test procedures .18 6.1 General .18 6.1.1 Instrumentation requirements 18 6.1.2 Excitation system requirements .18 6.1.3 Test conditions 18 6.1.4 Per unit base quantities .19 6.1.5 Conventions and assumptions .19 6.1.6 Con
10、sideration of magnetic saturation.20 6.2 Direct measurements of excitation current at rated load 21 6.3 Direct-current winding resistance measurements.21 6.4 No-load saturation test 22 6.4.1 Test procedure 22 6.4.2 No-load saturation characteristic determination .23 6.5 Sustained three-phase short-c
11、ircuit test 23 6.5.1 Test procedure 23 6.5.2 Three-phase sustained short-circuit characteristic .24 6.6 Motor no-load test .24 6.7 Phase shifting test.24 6.8 Over-excitation test at zero power-factor .25 6.9 Negative excitation test .25 6.10 On-load test measuring the load angle 25 6.11 Low slip tes
12、t 25 6.12 Sudden three-phase short-circuit test 26 6.13 Voltage recovery test.27 6.14 Suddenly applied short-circuit test following disconnection from line .27 6.15 Direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill test.27 6.16 Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding ope
13、n-circuited 28 6.17 Applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis positions .29 6.18 Applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position.29 6.19 Single phase voltage test applied to the three phases .30 6.20 Line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 30 6.21 Sudden line-to-l
14、ine short-circuit.31 6.22 Line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test31 6.23 Negative-phase sequence test 32 6.24 Field current decay test, with the armature winding open-circuited 32 6.24.1 Test at rated speed .32 6.24.2 Test at standstill 32 6.25 Field current decay test at rated spee
15、d with the armature-winding short-circuited 32 6.26 Suddenly applied excitation with armature winding short-circuited.33 SANS 60034-4:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .60034-4 IEC:2008 3 6.27 Field current decay test at stan
16、dstill with two phases of armature winding short-circuited .33 6.28 Applied voltage test with rotor removed.33 6.29 No-load retardation test.34 6.30 Suspended rotor oscillation test 34 6.31 Locked rotor test .35 6.32 Over-excitation test at zero power factor and variable armature voltage 35 6.33 Asy
17、nchronous operation during the low-voltage test 35 6.34 Applied variable frequency voltage test at standstill.36 7 Determination of quantities.38 7.1 Graphic procedures and analysis of oscillographic records38 7.1.1 No-load saturation and three-phase, sustained short-circuit curves .38 7.1.2 Sudden
18、three-phase short-circuit test 38 7.1.3 Voltage recovery test.41 7.1.4 Direct current decay in the armature winding at standstill 41 7.1.5 Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding open-circuited 43 7.2 Direct-axis synchronous reactance 44 7.2.1 From no-load saturation and three-phase s
19、ustained short-circuit test 44 7.2.2 From motor no-load test 44 7.2.3 From phase shifting test 44 7.2.4 From on-load test measuring the load angle 44 7.3 Direct-axis transient reactance 45 7.3.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test45 7.3.2 From voltage recovery test 45 7.3.3 From d.c. decay te
20、st in the armature winding at standstill 45 7.3.4 Calculation from test values.45 7.4 Direct-axis sub-transient reactance .45 7.4.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test45 7.4.2 From voltage recovery test 46 7.4.3 From applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis46 7.4.4 Fr
21、om applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position 46 7.5 Quadrature-axis synchronous reactance47 7.5.1 From negative excitation test.47 7.5.2 From low slip test 47 7.5.3 From phase shifting test 48 7.5.4 From on-load test measuring the load angle 49 7.6 Quadrature-axis transient reactance
22、49 7.6.1 From direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill .49 7.6.2 Calculation from test values.49 7.7 Quadrature-axis sub-transient reactance .49 7.7.1 From applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature position .49 7.7.2 From applied voltage test with the rotor
23、in arbitrary position 50 7.8 Zero-sequence reactance50 7.8.1 From single-phase voltage application to the three phases 50 7.8.2 From line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test 50 7.9 Negative-sequence reactance .51 7.9.1 From line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 51 7.9.2 From nega
24、tive-phase sequence test 51 SANS 60034-4:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS . 4 60034-4 IEC:2008 7.9.3 Calculation from test values.52 7.9.4 From sudden line-to-line short-circuit test 52 7.9.5 From direct-current decay test a
25、t standstill 52 7.10 Armature leakage reactance52 7.11 Potier reactance 53 7.12 Zero-sequence resistance .54 7.12.1 From single-phase voltage test applied to the three phases.54 7.12.2 From line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test 54 7.13 Positive-sequence armature winding resistance
26、 54 7.14 Negative-sequence resistance.54 7.14.1 From line-to-line sustained short-circuit test 54 7.14.2 From negative-phase sequence test 55 7.15 Armature and excitation winding resistance.55 7.16 Direct-axis transient short-circuit time constant .56 7.16.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit tes
27、t56 7.16.2 From field current decay at rated speed with armature winding short-circuited 56 7.16.3 From direct current decay test at standstill 56 7.16.4 From suddenly applied excitation with armature winding short-circuited 56 7.16.5 From field current decay test at standstill with two phases of ar
28、mature winding short-circuited56 7.17 Direct-axis transient open-circuit time constant .56 7.17.1 From field current decay at rated speed with armature winding open .56 7.17.2 From field current decay test at standstill with armature winding open .56 7.17.3 From voltage recovery test 56 7.17.4 From
29、direct-current decay test at standstill 57 7.17.5 From suddenly applied excitation with armature winding open-circuited 57 7.18 Direct-axis sub-transient short-circuit time constant.57 7.19 Direct-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant.57 7.19.1 From voltage recovery test 57 7.19.2 From direc
30、t-current decay test at standstill 57 7.20 Quadrature-axis transient short-circuit time constant .57 7.20.1 Calculation from test values.57 7.20.2 From direct-current decay test at standstill 57 7.21 Quadrature-axis transient open-circuit time constant .57 7.21.1 Determination from direct-current de
31、cay test at standstill.57 7.22 Quadrature-axis sub-transient short-circuit time constant 57 7.22.1 Calculation from test values.57 7.22.2 Determination from direct- current decay test at standstill58 7.23 Quadrature-axis sub-transient open-circuit time constant 58 7.23.1 From direct-current decay te
32、st at standstill 58 7.24 Armature short-circuit time constant 58 7.24.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test58 7.24.2 Calculation from test values.58 7.25 Rated acceleration time and stored energy constant58 7.25.1 From suspended rotor oscillation test 58 7.25.2 From no-load retardation test 5
33、9 SANS 60034-4:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .60034-4 IEC:2008 5 7.26 Rated excitation current 59 7.26.1 From direct measurement59 7.26.2 Potier diagram.60 7.26.3 ASA diagram .61 7.26.4 Swedish diagram .62 7.27 Excitation
34、 current referred to rated armature sustained short-circuit current 63 7.27.1 From over-excitation test at zero power factor .63 7.27.2 From sustained three-phase short-circuit test 64 7.28 Frequency response characteristics 64 7.28.1 General .64 7.28.2 From asynchronous operation at reduced voltage
35、64 7.28.3 From applied variable frequency voltage test at standstill 65 7.28.4 From direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill .66 7.29 Short-circuit ratio.67 7.30 Rated voltage regulation67 7.30.1 From direct measurement67 7.30.2 From no-load saturation characteristic and known
36、 field current at rated load 67 7.31 Initial starting impedance of synchronous motors 67 Annex A (informative) Testing cross-reference.69 Annex B (informative) Calculation scheme for frequency response characteristics .72 Annex C (informative) Conventional electrical machine model .74 Figure 1 Schem
37、atic for d.c. decay test at standstill 28 Figure 2 Circuit diagram for line-to-line short-circuit test 30 Figure 3 Circuit diagram for line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test.31 Figure 4 Search coil installation with rotor removed .34 Figure 5 Power and current versus slip (example)
38、36 Figure 6 Schematic for variable frequency test at standstill36 Figure 7 Recorded quantities from variable frequency test at standstill (example).37 Figure 8 Combined saturation and short-circuit curves.38 Figure 9 Transient and sub-transient component of short-circuit current 39 Figure 10 Determi
39、nation of transient component of short-circuit current .40 Figure 11 Graphical determination of aperiodic component 40 Figure 12 Transient and sub-transient component of recovery voltage .41 Figure 13 Semi-logarithmic plot of decay currents42 Figure 14 Suddenly applied excitation with armature windi
40、ng open-circuited43 Figure 15 No-load e.m.f. and excitation current for one pole-pitch slip .47 Figure 16 Current envelope from low-slip test 48 Figure 17 Determination of Potier reactance 53 Figure 18 Potiers diagram .60 Figure 19 ASA diagram61 Figure 20 Swedish diagram62 Figure 21 Excitation curre
41、nt from over-excitation at zero power factor .63 Figure 22 Frequency response characteristics at low frequencies (example)65 SANS 60034-4:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS . 6 60034-4 IEC:2008 Figure C.1 Equivalent circuit mo
42、del of a salient pole machine 74 Table 1 Test methods and cross-reference table16 Table A.1 Test cross-reference 69 SANS 60034-4:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .60034-4 IEC:2008 7 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
43、_ ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINES Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The
44、object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specific
45、ations (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations li
46、aising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters expr
47、ess, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Commit
48、tees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC Nationa
49、l Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have
