1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22564-3 SANS 18000-1:2009Edition 2ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Information technology Radio frequency iden
4、tification for item management Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization and the International
5、Electrotechnical Commission. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 18000-1:2009 Edition 2 ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National forewo
6、rd This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 71K, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture techniques, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was publis
7、hed in June 2009. This SANS document supersedes SANS 18000-1:2006 (edition 1). The text of the ISO/IEC document is reproduced unaltered. Reference numberISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E)ISO/IEC 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC18000-1Second edition2008-07-01Information technology Radio frequency identificati
8、on for item management Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized Technologies de linformation Identification par radiofrquence (RFID) pour la gestion dobjets Partie 1: Architecture de rfrence et dfinition des paramtres normaliser SANS 18000-1:2009This s tandard m
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14、w.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedSANS 18000-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scop
15、e 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 2 5 Architectures, references and exclusions 3 5.1 Communications architecture3 5.2 System specification .5 5.3 Interface specification.5 5.4 Application architecture5 5.5 Information and data architecture5 5.6 I
16、mplementation architecture.5 5.7 System security architecture5 5.8 Resilience considerations 5 5.9 Unique identification .5 6 Requirements.7 6.1 Vision statement 7 6.2 Mission statement7 6.3 Conformance and Commands7 6.4 General (Context).8 6.5 Instruction to developers of subsequent parts of ISO/IE
17、C 18000 and to installers9 6.6 Context (OSI)10 6.7 Bi-directional systems 11 6.8 Uni-directional systems 11 6.9 Relationship to other standards.11 6.10 Parameters .12 6.11 Physical and media access control parameters.12 6.12 Protocol and collision management parameters .19 7 Modulation21 8 Patents a
18、nd intellectual property.21 8.1 Responsibilities regarding patents and intellectual property.21 8.2 Patents referenced in ISO/IEC 18000.21 Annex A (informative) Reference co-ordinates for regional and national regulations 22 Annex B (informative) Pro forma for parameter definition standards (includi
19、ng parameter definition tables) 23 Annex C (informative) Architectural views of logistic and distribution systems .34 Annex D (informative) Tag identifier45 Annex E (informative) Intellectual property: patents.47 Bibliography 48 SANS 18000-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approve
20、d subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) iv ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National
21、 bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Ot
22、her international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rul
23、es given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires app
24、roval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 18000-1 was prepared by
25、 Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/IEC 18000-1:2004), which has been technically revised. ISO/IEC 18000 consists of the following p
26、arts, under the general title Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management: Part 1: Reference architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized Part 2: Parameters for air interface communications below 135 kHz Part 3: Parameters for air interface communication
27、s at 13,56 MHz Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Part 7: Parameters for active air interface communications at 433 MHz SANS 18000-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subs
28、cription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction ISO/IEC 18000 has been developed by ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 31/WG 4, radio frequency identification for item identification and management, in order to provide parameter definitions for comm
29、unications protocols within a common framework for internationally useable frequencies for radio frequency identification (RFID), and, where possible, to determine the use of the same protocols for ALL frequencies such that the problems of migrating from one to another are diminished; to minimise so
30、ftware and implementation costs; and to enable system management and control and information exchange to be common as far as is possible. Informative Annexes to this part of ISO/IEC 18000 provide contact information in respect of the radio regulations within which such systems have to operate, and s
31、ome informational views of system architectures within which RFID for item management is likely to be used (Annexes A and C). There are no specific patents applicable to this part of ISO/IEC 18000. Known patents relating to other parts of ISO/IEC 18000 will be found in the appropriate part of ISO/IE
32、C 18000. SANS 18000-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved 1Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Part 1: Refer
33、ence architecture and definition of parameters to be standardized 1 Scope 1.1 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 defines the generic architecture concepts in which item identification may commonly be required within the logistics and supply chain and defines the parameters that need to be determined in any
34、standardized air interface definition in the subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 18000. The subsequent parts of ISO/IEC 18000 provide the specific values for definition of the air interface parameters for a particular frequency/type of air interface from which compliance (or non-compliance) with this part o
35、f ISO/IEC 18000 can be established. This part of ISO/IEC 18000 also provides a description of example conceptual architectures in which these air interfaces are often to be utilized. 1.2 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 limits its scope to transactions and data exchanges across the air interface at refere
36、nce point delta (see Figure 1). The means of generating and managing such transactions, other than a requirement to achieve the transactional performance determined within this part of ISO/IEC 18000, are outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000, as is the definition or specification of any su
37、pporting hardware, firmware, software or associated equipment. 1.3 Standardization of other reference points is outside the scope of this part of ISO/IEC 18000. (See Figure 1.) 1.4 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 is an enabling standard which supports and promotes several RFID implementations without mak
38、ing conclusions about the relative technical merits of any available option for any possible application. 1.5 This part of ISO/IEC 18000 also provides reference information in respect of patents that have been declared to the developers of ISO/IEC 18000 as pertinent and provides reference addresses
39、in respect of regulations under which ISO/IEC 18000 must operate. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced docum
40、ent (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts), Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary ISO/IEC 15961, Information technology Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management Data protocol: application inter
41、face. ISO/IEC TR 18047 (all parts), Information technology Radio frequency identification device conformance test methods IEC 60601-1-2, Medical electrical equipment Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance Collateral standard: Electromagnetic compatibility Requireme
42、nts and tests SANS 18000-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2008 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 197
43、62 (all parts) and the following apply. 3.1 MODES (standardized) different standardized RFID systems for Item Identification operating within the same frequency range, which may or may not be interoperable but do not significantly interfere with each other NOTE An International Standard providing pa
44、rameter definitions for a particular frequency range may have one or several MODES. 3.2 significant interference likely impedance by a system of one standardized MODE (working within the most widespread regulated power emissions) of the successful operation of a system of another standardized MODE (
45、working within the most widespread regulated power emissions), in likely expected operating situations 3.3 marginal measurable interference interference that does not impede operation in likely expected operating situations, or that could be avoided by simple and inexpensive design improvement NOTE
46、Marginal measurable interference is not considered to be cause to reject a MODE. 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms For the purposes of this document, the symbols and abbreviated terms given in ISO/IEC 19762 (all parts) and the following apply. AFI application family identifier API application programm
47、ing interface CW continuous wave DFMFM double frequency modified frequency modulation DLL data link layer (OSI model) DSFID data storage format identifier EOF end of frame FCC Federal Communications Commission (of USA) FTDMA frequency and time division multiple access LPB long power break MFM modifi
48、ed frequency modulation MFR Tag ID unique identifier incorrectly known in some places as UID n/a not applicable PJM phase jitter modulation SANS 18000-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO/IEC 18000-1:2008(E) ISO/IEC 2008
49、All rights reserved 3PN pseudo-noise (as in PN Code) SOF start of frame TRAM temporary random access memory VICC vicinity integrated circuit card 5 Architectures, references and exclusions This part of ISO/IEC 18000 does not attempt to define a reference architecture for item identification. The communication architecture defines the reference point that is the subject of ISO/IEC 18000, and limits ISO/IEC 18000 to defining protocols and transactions across this reference point in several technical an
