1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21022-9 SANS 1442:2008Edition 1.3Any reference to SABS 1442 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 No
4、vember 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Roadstuds Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code +27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 1442:2008 Edition 1.3 Foreword This South A
5、frican standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5120.70, Retro-reflection, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in March 2008. This document supersedes SABS 1442:1987 (edition 1 as modif
6、ied by amdt 1:1992 and amdt 2:1992). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 3. Reference is made in appendix B to the “relevant national body”. In South Africa this means the National Institute for Transport and Road Research of the Council
7、for Scientific and Industrial Research. Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 1992 Amended to moderate the colour limits for colours red and amber, to change the term “amber” to “yellow”, to insert a new figure 1, and to change the table on chromaticity co-ordinates (table 1). Amdt 2 1992 Am
8、ended to update the definition for “acceptable”, to add a new subclause on resistance to compression (glass roadstuds) (3.10), and to add a new subclause and a new figure on compression test (glass roadstuds) (5.11). Amdt 3 2008 Amended to change the designation from SABS to SANS, to update the defi
9、nition for “acceptable”, to change certain values in the table on CIL values for roadstuds (table 2), to delete reference to a national research body, and to update referenced standards. SANS 1442:2008 Edition 3.1 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope . 3 2 Definitions. 3 3 Requirements. 4 4 Marking. 7 5
10、 Inspection and methods of test 8 5.1 Conditioning. 8 5.2 Inspection 8 5.3 Mechanical test (depressible roadstuds). 8 5.4 Colour test . 8 5.5 Photometric test 8 5.6 Test for resistance to penetration of water 8 5.7 Test for resistance to heat. 8 5.8 Test for resistance to motor fuel 8 5.9 Test for r
11、esistance to lubricating oil. 9 5.10 Test for resistance to corrosion (salt fog test). 9 5.11 Compression test (glass roadstuds) 9 Appendix A Applicable standards . 10 Appendix B Performance of roadstuds under traffic conditions 10 Appendix C Categories of roadstuds. 11 Appendix D Quality evaluation
12、 of roadstuds produced to the requirements laid down in the specification . 12 Amdt 2SANS 1442:2008 Edition 1.3 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 1442:2008 Edition 1.3 3 Roadstuds 1 Scope 1.1 This specification covers three categories of retro-reflective roadstuds intended to be fitted on
13、to or into road surfaces for use as supplementary road marking. 1.2 This specification does not cover a) temporary roadstuds; b) the method of securing the roadstuds to the road surface; c) the positioning of roadstuds; or d) the use of roadstuds of different colours to convey information to road us
14、ers. NOTE 1 The standards referred to in the specification are listed in appendix A. 2 A field test for the performance of roadstuds under traffic conditions is given in appendix B. 3 Information regarding the different categories of roadstuds is given in appendix C. 4 Information regarding the veri
15、fication of the quality of roadstuds produced to this specification, and the sampling plan to be used to assess compliance with the specification of a lot of roadstuds are given in appendix D. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this specification the following definitions shall apply: acceptable acce
16、ptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant Amdt 2; amdt 3 category category of a road stud (see appendix C) coefficient of luminous intensity CIL quotient obtained by dividing the luminous intensity of the light reflected by t
17、he roadstud in the direction of observation by the illuminance at the retro-reflecting surface on a plane perpendicular to the direction of incidence NOTE The coefficient of luminous intensity is expressed in candelas per lux (cd/lx). colour colour of the light retro-reflected by the roadstud, defin
18、ed in terms of its chromaticity co-ordinates, using the trichromatic system recommended by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) SANS 1442:2008 Edition 1.3 4 entrance angle illumination angle angle between the illumination axis and the reference axis illumination axis line segment from
19、the reference centre to the centre of the light source observation angle angle between the illumination axis and the observation axis NOTE In the context of retro-reflection, the observation angle is always restricted to small acute angles. observation axis line segment from the reference centre to
20、the receiver (photocell or eye) reference axis designated line segment originating on the reference centre and used in describing the position of the entrance and observation angles of the roadstud reference centre point on or near a retro-reflecting surface, which is designated to be the centre of
21、the surface for the purpose of specifying its performance retro-reflection reflection in which light is preferentially reflected in directions close to the opposite of the direction of incidence, this property being maintained over wide variations of the directions of the incidence roadstud retro-re
22、flective device that can be fixed onto or into a road surface to warn, guide or inform road users 3 Requirements 3.1 Construction 3.1.1 General A roadstud shall be of acceptable construction and the enveloping profile of the part of a roadstud that is intended to protrude above the road surface shal
23、l be smooth and shall not present any sharp edges that could be hazardous to traffic. The retro-reflecting portions of the roadstud shall be free from crevices or ledges in which dirt might accumulate. Any removable part(s) shall only be removable by the use of a special tool. 3.1.2 Depressible road
24、studs a) The retro-reflecting surfaces of a depressible roadstud shall be self-wiping and the roadstud shall revert to its original form after being traversed by a vehicle. b) When a roadstud is tested in accordance with 5.3, the depressing action or the self-wiping action shall show no signs of bre
25、akdown nor shall the roadstud show permanent set of such an extent that the retro-reflecting portion is either wholly or partially obscured. 3.2 Dimensions The height of the part of the roadstud that is intended to protrude above the road surface shall be 15-22 mm. SANS 1442:2008 Edition 1.3 5 3.3 C
26、olour The chromaticity co-ordinates of the retro-reflected light of roadstuds for Standard Illuminant A, measured in accordance with 5.4, shall be within the relevant region on the chromaticity diagram (see figure 1). The co-ordinates of the corners of the regions on the diagram are given in table 1
27、. NOTE The colour of the body of a roadstud shall be either neutral or substantially the same as that of the retro-reflecting portion, and shall be retained throughout the life of the roadstud. Amdt 1 Figure 1 Boundaries for retro-reflective colours SANS 1442:2008 Edition 1.3 6 Table 1 Chromaticity
28、co-ordinates 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Co-ordinates of the corners of the colour regions (se figure 1) (Standard illuminant A, entrance angle V = 0, H = 5, observation angle 0,33) Corner Colour Co-ordinate 1 2 3 4 5 6 Red x y 0,665 0,335 0,645 0,335 0,721 0,259 0,734 0,266 Yellow x y 0,529 0,470 0,510 0,470 0
29、,583 0,398 0,602 0,398 Clear x y 0,440 0,380 0,480 0,410 0,451 0,439 0,350 0,470 0,340 0,430 0,409 0,411 Green x y 0,030 0,385 0,228 0,351 0,321 0,493 0,302 0,692 Amdt 1 3.4 Category and photometric requirements A roadstud shall be of one of the categories given in table 2. When tested in accordance
30、 with 5.5, a roadstud shall have, for each retro-reflecting surface and for each entrance angle, a coefficient of luminous intensity (CIL) at least equal to the product of the CIL value given in table 2 as appropriate to the relevant category, and the appropriate colour factor given in table 3. NOTE
31、 A roadstud shall be considered not to have failed to comply with the photometric requirements if the measured CIL at any one position of measurement is less than the value specified, provided that a) the measured CIL is at least equal to 80 % of the specified minimum value, and b) the average of th
32、e measured CIL values at the two horizontal angles (see table 2) exceeds the specified minimum value. Table 2 CIL values for roadstuds 1 2 3 4 5 6 Entrance angle, degrees CIL, mcd/lx, min. Vertical Horizontal Observation angle, degrees Category A Category B Category C 0 0 0 0 +15 and 15 +10 and 10 +
33、10 and 10 +5 and 5 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,33 5 25 120 220 4 10 15 20 2 2 2 2 NOTE The entrance angle of 0 vertical corresponds to a direction parallel to the road surface. Amdt 3 Table 3 Colour factors 1 2 Colour Colour factor Clear Yellow Red Green 1,0 0,5 0,2 0,2 Amdt 1SANS 1442:2008 Edition 1.3 7 3.5 Resi
34、stance to penetration of water When a roadstud is tested in accordance with 5.6, no water shall penetrate to the retro-reflecting surface of the roadstud. 3.6 Resistance to heat When a roadstud is tested in accordance with 5.7, a) there shall be no visible sign of cracking or distortion, and b) the
35、CIL (at an entrance angle of 0 vertical and 5 horizontal and an observation angle of 0,33) shall be at least the appropriate value given in 3.4. 3.7 Resistance to motor fuel When a roadstud is tested in accordance with 5.8, a) the outer surface and in particular the front surface(s) of the retro-ref
36、lector(s) shall show no visible sign of deterioration, and b) the CIL of the roadstud (at an entrance angle of 0 vertical and 5 horizontal and an observation angle of 0,33) shall be at least the appropriate value given in 3.4. 3.8 Resistance to lubricating oil When a roadstud is tested in accordance
37、 with 5.9, the CIL (at an entrance angle of 0 vertical and 5 horizontal and an observation angle of 0,33) shall be at least the appropriate value given in 3.4. 3.9 Resistance to corrosion When a roadstud is tested in accordance with 5.10, no metal part of the roadstud shall show any visible sign of
38、excessive corrosion that is liable to impair the efficiency of the roadstud. 3.10 Resistance to compression (glass roadstuds) Amdt 2 When a glass roadstud is tested in accordance with 5.11, it shall not break. Amdt 2 4 Marking 4.1 The following information shall be so legibly and permanently marked
39、on each roadstud that the marking is still visible after the roadstud has been installed on the road: The manufactures name or trade name or trade mark. The category of the roadstud shall be marked either on the roadstud or on the packaging. SANS 1442:2008 Edition 1.3 8 5 Inspection and methods of t
40、est NOTE The definitions, sampling procedure and criteria of compliance given in appendix D.2 shall apply. 5.1 Conditioning Condition the roadstud at 25 2 C for 24 h before testing. 5.2 Inspection Examine (and, where relevant, measure) the roadstud for compliance with the appropriate requirements of
41、 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 4.1. 5.3 Mechanical test (depressible roadstuds) Mount the roadstud securely on a baseplate and subject the depressible portion of the roadstud to 900 000 depressions at a rate of 300-360 depressions per minute. The depth of depression shall be to the extent to which that portion
42、is depressed by normal traffic and the load shall be the minimum required to achieve that depth of depression. Examine the roadstud for compliance with the requirements of 3.1.2(b). 5.4 Colour test Determine the chromaticity co-ordinates of the roadstud by means of a spectrophotometer or other equal
43、ly suitable colour-measuring devices in accordance with CIE 54.2, using Standard Illuminant A, an entrance angle of 0 vertical and 5 horizontal and an observation angle of 0,33, and check for compliance with the requirements of 3.3. 5.5 Photometric test Determine the coefficients of luminous intensi
44、ty in accordance with CIE 54.2, and check for compliance with the requirements of 3.4. 5.6 Test for resistance to penetration of water Place the roadstud in an oven or in water maintained (in either case) at a temperature of 50 5 C, and keep the roadstud at this temperature for a period of 10 min. R
45、emove the roadstud and submerge it for 10 min at a depth of at least 20 mm in water maintained at a temperature of 25 5 C. Then wipe the roadstud dry and inspect it for compliance with the requirement of 3.5. 5.7 Test for resistance to heat Place the roadstud for 12 h in an oven maintained at a temp
46、erature of 65 2 C. Remove the roadstud from the oven, allow it to cool, and examine it for compliance with the requirement of 3.6(a). If the roadstud complies with this requirement, repeat the photometric test (see 5.5) at the angles given in 3.6 and check for compliance with the requirement of 3.6(
47、b). 5.8 Test for resistance to motor fuel Lightly wipe the outer surfaces of the roadstud with a cotton cloth that has been soaked in a freshly prepared 7:3 mixture (V/V) of n-heptane and toluene. After a period of approximately 5 min, wipe the surfaces with a clean cotton cloth and then examine the
48、 roadstud for compliance with the requirement of 3.7(a). If the roadstud complies with this requirement, repeat the photometric test (see 5.5) at the angles given in 3.7 and check for compliance with the requirement of 3.7(b). SANS 1442:2008 Edition 1.3 9 5.9 Test for resistance to lubricating oil L
49、ightly wipe the outer surfaces of the roadstud with a cotton cloth that has been soaked in a detergent lubricating oil. After a period of approximately 5 min, wipe the surfaces with a clean cotton cloth and repeat the photometric test (see 5.5) at the angles given in 3.8. Check for compliance with the requirement of 3.8. 5.10 Test for resistance to corrosion (salt fog test) Suitably mount the roadstud and then, using the apparatus, salt solution, test conditions and procedure described in SANS 7253, subject t
