1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ICS 85.080.10 ISBN 0-626-16173-8 SANS 12281:2005Edition 1EN 12281:2002Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Printing and business paper Requirements f
4、or copy paper for dry toner imaging processes This national standard is the identical implementation of EN 12281:2002 and is adopted with the permission of CEN, rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 0
5、12 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 12281:2005 Edition 1 EN 12281:2002 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Abstract Specifies the performance requirements for uncoated cut-size paper for dry toner imaging processes (i.e.
6、copying paper), in 80 g/m2and in A4 format based on EN ISO 216. Other grammages and sizes of the ISO-A series are covered by this standard, as long as the requirements specified in this standard are fulfilled. Keywords definitions, dimensions, gsm substances, impurities, migration, packages, packing
7、, paper, photocopying, printing papers, properties, specification (approval), testing, toners. National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 7114.13B, Stationery paper and board products Office paper, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Afric
8、a, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This standard cancels and replaces the first edition (CKS 650:1997). EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN 12281October 2002ICS 85.080 Supersedes ENV 12281:1996English versionPrinting and business paper - Requirements for copy paper
9、 fordry toner imaging processesPapier - Papier dimpression et de bureau - Spcificationspour papier pour photocopie pour procds de reproductionpar toner secDruck- und Bropapier - Anforderungen an Kopierpapier frVervielfltigungen mit TrockentonerThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 August
10、2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained o
11、n application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has
12、the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMI
13、TTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2002 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12281:2002 EEN 12281:2002 (E)2Contentspag
14、eForeword3Introduction .41 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions54 Sampling.65 Conditioning.66 Requirements .67 Migratory substances and contamination.78 Packaging .78.1 General78.2 Absence of contamination79 Test report 8Annex A (normative) Runnability.9A.1 Basis of the procedure 9
15、A.2 Preparation of copier machine .9A.3 Test master.9A.4 Runnability test conditions.9A.4.1 Conditions of test 9A.5 Jamming .10A.6 Test report 12Annex B (normative) CEN Test Master .13Annex C (normative) Determination of cutting quality14C.1 General14C.2 Definition.14C.3 Principle14C.4 Tools14C.4.1
16、Apparatus .14C.4.2 Cutting Quality Template 14C.5 Preparation of test pieces.15C.6 Procedure .15C.7 Calculation15C.8 Requirements .16C.9 Test report 16Bibliography 18EN 12281:2002 (E)3ForewordThis document (EN 12281:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 172 “Pulp, paper andboard“, t
17、he secretariat of which is held by DIN.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by April 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest byApril 2003.This document sup
18、ersedes ENV 12281:1996.With regard to ENV 12281:1996 the following changes have been made:a) deletion of clause 4 “Principle“;b) table 1 “Requirements for copy paper“ includes now more precise data;c) procedure for the “determination of cutting quality“ was exchanged and replaced by practical proced
19、ure;d) transformation from a European Prestandard (ENV) in a European Standard (EN) is intended;e) editorial updating.Annexes A, B and C are normative.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this Europea
20、n Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.EN 12281:2002 (E)4IntroductionPaper for use in dry toner imaging processes, the common c
21、opy paper, represents one of the major grades of theworlds paper market. Most copier machines, laser-printers and similar machines work with dry toner imaging. Forsimplification only the terms “copy paper“ and “copier machine“ are used.It is not possible to define performance of a copy paper by phys
22、ical properties alone. Therefore, CEN/TC 172 has putaside several technical paper characteristics and focused on defining and specifying the equivalents of “printability“and “runnability“, as well as those paper properties that appeal directly to the end-user.Since a standard copier machine does not
23、 exist and customer demands on some accommodating and aestheticaspects will vary, several characteristics were not given a required value. In such cases, though, test methods areprovided that will facilitate the making of adequate agreements between supplier and customer.1 ScopeThis European Standar
24、d specifies the performance requirements for uncoated cut-size paper for dry toner imagingprocesses (i.e. copy paper), in 80 g/m and in A4 format based on EN ISO 216. Other grammages and sizes of theISO-A series are covered by this European Standard, as long as the requirements specified in this Eur
25、opeanStandard are fulfilled.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subseque
26、nt amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 12283:2002, Printing and business paper Determina
27、tion of toner adhesion.EN ISO 186, Paper and board Sampling to determine average quality (ISO 186: 2002).EN ISO 216, Writing paper and certain classes of printed matter Trimmed sizes A and B series(ISO 216:1975).EN ISO 536, Paper and board Determination of grammage (ISO 536:1995).EN 20187, Paper, bo
28、ard and pulps Standard atmosphere for conditioning and testing and procedure formonitoring the atmosphere and conditioning of samples (ISO 187:1990).EN 20287, Paper and board Determination of moisture content Oven drying method (ISO 287:1985).EN 20534. Paper and board Determination of thickness and
29、apparent bulk density or apparent sheet density(ISO 534:1988).ISO 2471, Paper and board Determination of opacity (paper backing) Diffuse reflectance method.ISO 11475, Paper and board Determination of CIE whiteness, D 65/10 degrees (outdoor daylight).ISO 14968:1999, Paper and board Cut-size office pa
30、per Measurement of curl in a pack of sheets.ISO 15359:1999, Paper and board - Determination of the static and kinetic coefficients of friction - Horizontal planemethod.EN 12281:2002 (E)5IEC 60093, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating materials
31、DIN 53109, Testing of paper and board Determination of abrasion by the abrasion wheel method.NF Q03-055, Paper and board tests _ Determination of abrasion resistance of paper and board (by the tabermethod).3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and def
32、initions apply.3.1cut size paper sheetsheets, cut according to the ISO-A series standard3.2dry toner imaging processimaging method using dry toner, that is generally fixed on paper by heat and/or pressureEN 12283:20023.3dry tonerink powder used for imaging in printers and copier machinesEN 12283:200
33、23.4paper jampaper induced failure in the copy process path, causing a copier machine shut-down requiring corrective action bythe operator. Included are failures in sorter-bins and/or collection-trays, when operating below 80 % of each singlebins maximum capacity, as stated by the copier machine man
34、ufacturer. Excluded are control panel actions3.5curl3.5.1curldeviation from a flat surface which has three major components: magnitude, direction of curl axis and the sidetowards which the paper curlsISO 14968:19993.5.2curl in paper machine direction (MD)curl axis which is parallel to the papers mac
35、hine directionISO 14968:19993.5.3curl in paper cross direction (CD)curl axis which is perpendicular to the papers machine directionISO 14968:19993.5.4diagonal curlcurl axis which is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the papers machine directionISO 14968:19993.5.5curl before copycurl measured dir
36、ectly after opening the packageEN 12281:2002 (E)63.5.6curl after copycurl measured immediately after copying4 SamplingSamples shall be taken in accordance with EN ISO 186, unless otherwise agreed upon.5 ConditioningThe sample from which the specimens are taken shall be conditioned under standard atm
37、osphere 23 /50 % r. h. inaccordance with EN 20187, unless specifically stated otherwise.For the testing of jamming, curl before copy, moisture content and cutting quality, the samples have to be takendirectly out of the package.6 RequirementsThe performance requirements for copy paper are listed in
38、Table 1.Table 1 Requirements for copy paperProperty Unit Requirements Test Methods Remarkscurl before copy m-1MD : 2,00CD : 1,25ISO 14968 -runnability - jam rate annex A, Table A.3 -cutting quality - 95 % 0,8 EN 12283 -opacity % 85 ISO 2471 for duplex usegrammage g/m nominal 4% EN ISO 536 -size mm A
39、4, A3 EN ISO 216 -EN 12281:2002 (E)77 Migratory substances and contaminationPaper manufacturers shall control the papers raw materials and production processes in order to keep thepresence of any migratory material that could contaminate the imaging systems to the lowest practical level.Dispersed mi
40、gratory chemicals and spot contaminants have to be considered as migratory materials; in either caseall efforts shall be made to avoid their presence at or near the sheet surface.Examples of migratory substances are talc, wax, sticky resin, dust and glue.NOTE Too much dust could cause problems durin
41、g the copying process. At the time of preparation of this EuropeanStandard there is no internationally accepted test method to measure dust from copy paper8 Packaging8.1 GeneralTo protect the sheets from harmful effects of mechanical forces, atmospheric conditions and contamination duringin-house st
42、orage and use, the paper shall be packed as specified below. The inner packing, typically a ream, or abox, shall be tightly closed. The inner packaging material must have a moisture barrier.For transport purposes a second (all-weather) protective packing is necessary.The packing material is also rec
43、ommended to have a moisture barrier.8.2 Absence of contaminationPackaging materials (from moisture protective coatings and low melting adhesives) should not contaminate thepaper. The maximum number of packages, having major contamination defects should not be greater than 2 . Amajor defect is define
44、d as having at least one dimension 1 mm.NOTE Since quality inspection would be destructive to the packages, this quality standard could be met, by providing acertificate from the converting manufacturer, stating that a procedure for prevention of harmful contamination, in line withdefined limits, ha
45、s been used.EN 12281:2002 (E)89 Test reportThe testing laboratory shall refer to this European Standard and include in its report the following:a) precise identification of the paper lot tested;b) date and place of testing (this might be a period of time and more than one laboratory);c) type(s) of c
46、opier machine(s) or printer(s) used;d) thickness as specified in EN 20534;e) whiteness as specified in ISO 11475;f) the test results obtained when tested as specified in clause 6;g) test results of tests agreed upon between customer and supplier if any;h) any other observations made that may be of i
47、mportance for the performance of the paper in a dry tonerimaging machine;i) a statement that paper meets or fails to meet the requirements of clause 6 of this European Standard. In thelater case, the specific reason shall be stated.EN 12281:2002 (E)9Annex A(normative)RunnabilityA.1 Basis of the proc
48、edureThe runnability test comprises a copy/print sequence under defined conditions that are as close as possible to thepractice. The nature and the number of performance problems found, enable a judgemet for runnability. Therequirements differ with the paper volume demand of copier machines and prin
49、ters. Accordingly, three volumedemand categories have been defined using the criterion “image-speed“.Table A.1 Classification of copier machinesimaging machinecategorylow volume mid volume high volumeimage speed in images/min 30000 reams: select additional 4 reams for each lot increase of 10000 reams.NOTE The sampling procedure can be adapted or made more stringent either by the manufacturer due to its manufacturing process/type of packaging or in agreement between customers and suppliersC.7 Calculatio
