1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J3059_201704 SURFACE VEHICLE INFORMATION REPORT J3059 APR2017 Issued 2017-04 Ambulance Patient
5、Compartment Seated Occupant Excursion Zone Evaluation RATIONALE This SAE Information Report was developed by members of the SAE Truck Crashworthiness Committee in support of the ambulance industrys need to apply science to the design and testing of the occupant seating and occupant Restraint Systems
6、 for workers and civilians transported in the patient compartment of an ambulance. The Information Report was validated collaboratively by industry and government partners through extensive testing funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Department of Homeland Securi
7、ty, and the Ambulance Manufacturers Division of the NTEA. Input loading was generated using the vehicle specific crash pulses described in SAE J2917 and SAE J2956, respectively. An independent analysis of the testing methodology and resulting data was performed by government and private members of t
8、he automotive testing community. 1. SCOPE This SAE Information Report describes the testing and reporting procedures that may be used to evaluate and document the excursion of a worker or civilian when transported in a seated and restrained position in the patient compartment of a ground ambulance w
9、hen exposed to a front, side, or rear impact. Its purpose is to provide seating and occupant restraint manufacturers, ambulance builders, and end-users with testing procedures and documentation methods needed to identify head travel paths in crash loading events. This is a component level test. The
10、seating system is tested in free space to measure maximum head travel paths. The purpose is not to identify stay out zones. Rather, the goal is to provide ambulance manufacturers with the data needed to design safer and functionally sound workstations for Emergency Medical Service workers so that wo
11、rkers are better able to safely perform patient care tasks in a moving ambulance. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, text fixture, and reporting requirements are included. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part o
12、f this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-806-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970
13、(outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 1 - Electronic Instrumentation SAE J211-2 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 2: Photographic Instrumentation SAE J2917 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity - Frontal Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment
14、SAE INTERNATIONAL J3059 APR2017 Page 2 of 18 SAE J2956 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity - Side Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment SAE J3026 Ambulance Patient Compartment Seating Integrity and Occupant Restraint SAE J3044 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity - Rear
15、 Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment SAE Engineering Aid 23 “Users Manual for the 50th Percentile Hybrid III Test Dummy,” June 1985 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report. Ambulance Pati
16、ent Compartment Human Factors Design Guidebook, released by the Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology, First Responders Group, February 2015 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571.208 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571.213 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49
17、, Part 571.214 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 572 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571.209 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571.207 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 “Designated Seating Position” as defined in 49 CFR 571.3 and 571.10, as applicable. 3.2 “Pedestal Seating System”
18、means a Seating System that has Restraint Systems integrated into the seats structure or attached to the seats pedestal. 3.3 “Bench or Jump Seating System” means a Seating System that is built into, or integrated into, the patient compartment structure and may utilize portions of vehicle wall struct
19、ure as the seat back. The Restraint Systems for these seats are attached to the vehicle wall or floor structure, seat base structure, or both, depending upon the Restraint System utilized. 3.4 “Anthropomorphic Test Device (ATD)” is a biofidelic test device which represents a variety of human forms a
20、nd sizes including men, women, and children. For the purposes of this standard only 50th percentile male ATDs will be used, with a seated hip, to allow the ATD to be positioned properly on each Seating System. Specific details regarding these ATDs are provided in 49 CFR Part 572. 3.5 “Restraint Syst
21、em” means any strap, webbing, or similar device designed to secure a person in the patient compartment with the intention of mitigating the results of a collision, including all buckles and other fasteners and all hardware designed for installing the assembly in the ambulance patient compartment. Th
22、e entirety of the Restraint System shall meet the definitions set forth as “Occupant Restraint System” in 49 CFR Part 571.209. 3.6 “Fracture” means to crack or tear. 3.7 “Seat Adjuster” as defined by Title 49 CFR Part 571.207 means the part of the seat that provides forward and rearward positioning
23、of the seat bench and back, and/or rotation around a vertical axis, including any fixed portion, such as a seat track. 3.8 “Head Trajectory” means the path of travel which comprises respective positions of the head in time relative to a known starting point of a target placed on the ATDs head. SAE I
24、NTERNATIONAL J3059 APR2017 Page 3 of 18 3.9 “Excursion Zone” means the volume of space created when measuring the Head Trajectory in the X, Y, and Z planes for a given Seating System in each orientation tested. Measured values are acquired as the head passes the “Foremost Seat Plane” and reaches the
25、 “Maximum Travel Distance” (see Figures 1 through 4). Sample Excursion Zone illustrations are provided in Appendix A. 3.10 “Installation Drawing” means documentation that sufficiently defines the Excursion Zones and other pertinent information for a given Seating System (see Appendix A for examples)
26、. 3.11 “Seatback Target“ means a tracking target which is placed at the top of the seatback, on a vertical face of the seat, on the foremost portion of the seat with respect to the direction of impact (see Figure 1). 3.12 “Point 1” is the reference or datum location for all measurements that will de
27、fine the Excursion Zone as noted in illustrations. 3.13 “Foremost Seat Plane“ means the foremost adjustable plane, perpendicular to the direction of impact, regardless of the orientation of the Seating System (see Figures 1 through 4). If the Seating System has multiple Designated Seating Positions,
28、 such as a bench seat, then the Foremost Seat Plane will be based on the location of the foremost restraint attachment in the direction of impact for that Designated Seating Position being tested (see Figure 5). A measurement from the Foremost Seat Plane to Point 1 is to be provided by the manufactu
29、rer for each seating position and orientation. 3.14 “Maximum Travel Distance“ means the furthest distance ANY point of the Seating System and/or ATD travels toward the direction of impact beyond the original Foremost Seat Plane (see Figures 2 through 5). 3.15 “Seating System“ means any unique combin
30、ation of a Bench, Jump, or Pedestal Seat, Restraint System, and Seat Adjuster which are used as a Designated Seating Position. 3.16 “Seat” means a structure that provides at least one Designated Seating Position comprising of a minimum of a seat bench and may also include a back. 3.17 A fully “Exten
31、ded” seat means the seat has been adjusted as far as possible on the seat base in the direction that the seated occupant is facing. 3.18 A fully “Retracted” seat means the seat has been adjusted as far as possible on the seat base in the direction opposite that to which the seated occupant is facing
32、. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3059 APR2017 Page 4 of 18 Figure 1 Figure 2 SAE INTERNATIONAL J3059 APR2017 Page 5 of 18 Figure 3 Figure 4 SAE INTERNATIONAL J3059 APR2017 Page 6 of 18 Figure 5 4. REQUIREMENTS Excursion zones shall be determined using the pulses specified in SAE J2917, SAE J2956, and SAE J3044.
33、 4.1 An excursion zone calculation shall be developed for each seating system that includes all of the dimensions illustrated in accordance with the requirements described in Appendix A. 4.2 A head trajectory shall be determined for each Seating System based on measuring procedures outlined in SAE J
34、211. 4.3 The maximum travel distance of the seatback target shall be calculated. 5. TEST CONDITIONS The following conditions apply: 5.1 It is recommended that this test procedure be completed in conjunction with any other planned dynamic seat or occupant restraint testing. 5.2 The rigid sled test pl
35、atform shall be in a horizontal plane. 5.3 Each seating system shall be tested in each of the following positions: 5.3.1 A seating system facing the front of the vehicle shall be tested in the fully extended position using SAE J2917. This test generates the forward excursion zone data. 5.3.2 A seati
36、ng system facing the rear of the vehicle shall be tested in the fully retracted position using SAE J2917. This test generates the rear excursion zone data for the seat. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3059 APR2017 Page 7 of 18 5.3.3 A seating system facing the front or rear of the vehicle that is symmetrical sha
37、ll be tested with the seat in the fully extended position using SAE J2956. If the seat is asymmetrical, for example a 3-point restraint or lap shoulder belt, two seating systems must be tested: (1) ATD traveling into the restraint system, and (2) ATD out of the restraint system. In both tests the se
38、ating system must be placed in the fully extended position, using SAE J2956. This test generates the side excursion zone data. 5.3.4 A seating system that is only lockable in a side facing position relative to the front of the vehicle shall be tested in both the full extended and fully retracted adj
39、ustable position using SAE J2956. 5.3.5 All other lockable positions from +90 through 0 to -90, where 0 is parallel to the vehicle centerline and oriented toward the front of the vehicle, shall be tested with the seat in the fully extended position using SAE J2917. 5.3.6 All other lockable positions
40、 from +91 through 180 to -91, where 180 is parallel to the vehicle centerline and oriented toward the rear of the vehicle, shall be tested with the seat in the Fully Retracted position using SAE J2917. 5.3.7 If the seating system is fixed in the rear facing position only, the manufacturer may choose
41、 to test with the seat in the fully extended position using SAE J3044 to acquire the head excursion zone toward the rear of the vehicle. 5.4 These tests are considered destructive tests. Therefore, a new seating system shall be used in each test attitude. 5.5 A biofidelic 50th percentile male ATD sh
42、all be used. 5.6 The general guidelines of SAE J211 should be followed for sensor orientation, filter frequencies and sampling rate. The revision of each SAE standard in effect at the time of testing will be utilized. 5.7 High-speed video (either color or black and white) and real time video will be
43、 used to document each test. A minimum of two high speed video imagers will be used to record the motions of the ATD and seat during each test. Given the primary use of the video data will be to validate ATD excursions, additional cameras may be required to ensure full field of view coverage. 5.8 Ti
44、ming marks shall be provided and synchronized to a common strobe-type flash or other means to allow synchronization of all visual and electronic data. 5.9 ATD Targets Targets shall be placed on the ATDs head center of gravity, chest, and shoulders. The chest and shoulder targets should be placed on
45、the partially bare chest and arms, respectively, to eliminate any error due to movement of clothing. 5.10 Seat Targets A target shall be placed on “Point 1” and on the upper seatback on each side. In addition, a target shall be placed on top of the headrest. 5.11 Bench Seating Targets shall be place
46、d at each restraint attachment point. Targets shall be placed above and below the foremost restraint attachment location to create a reference plane. Targets shall then be placed at a minimum of 12 inch intervals moving toward the direction of the impact. 5.12 Color still photographs shall be taken
47、to document the pre- and post-test conditions of the test articles (Seating System and ATD) for each test. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3059 APR2017 Page 8 of 18 6. TEST PROCEDURES 6.1 Complete all pre-test checklist items identified in Appendix B, as appropriate. 6.2 The Seating System shall be installed on
48、a rigid test platform per manufacturers provided instructions. 6.3 Place biofidelic ATD on seating system and secure per seat and restraint manufacturers requirements and in accordance with 49 CFR Part 571.208, 49 CFR Part 571.213, or 49 CFR Part 571.214, as appropriate. Emergency locking retractors
49、 (ELR) shall not be locked pre-test. 6.4 Instrument each seating system per the applicable requirements of Appendix B. 6.5 Test in accordance with dynamic sled test facility protocol to achieve dynamic loading as defined in SAE J2917, SAE J2956, and SAE J3044. 6.6 Verify proper recording of instrumented data within the data acquisition system. 6.7 Pretest photos will be taken to document location of ATD, seat, and
