1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2016 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visitHTTP:/STANDARDS.SAE.ORG/J3027_201611SURFACE VEHICLERECOMMENDED PRACTICEJ3027 NOV2016Issued 2014-07Revised 2016-11Superseding J3027
5、 JUL2014Ambulance Litter Integrity, Retention, and Patient RestraintRATIONALEThis revision of the Recommended Practice adds a requirement to conduct rear impact testing of the patient cot, cot mount and occupant restraint utilizing the pulse curve described in SAE J3044. In addition, this revision d
6、eletes the requirementto utilize an instrumented anthropomorphic test device, or ATD, as the existing pass fail criteria does not rely on the measurement of ATD data. An instrumented ATD may be used at the discretion of component manufacturer(s).1. SCOPEThis SAE Recommended Practice describes the te
7、sting procedures required to evaluate the integrity of a ground ambulance-based patient litter, litter retention system, and patient restraint when exposed to a frontal, side or rearimpact. Its purpose is to provide litter manufacturers, ambulance builders, and end-users with testing procedures and,
8、 where appropriate, acceptance criteria that, to a great extent ensures the patient litter, litter retention system, and patient restraint utilizes a similar dynamic performance test methodology to that which is applied to other vehicle seating and occupant restraint systems. Descriptions of the tes
9、t set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, test fixture, and performance metrics are included.2. REFERENCESThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1 A
10、pplicable DocumentsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel:
11、 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 1: Electronic InstrumentationSAE J211-2 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 2: Photographic InstrumentationSAE J2856 Users Manual for the 50th-Percentile Hybrid-II
12、I DummySAE J1727 Calculation Guidelines for Impact Testing. SAE J1733 Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash TestingSAE INTERNATIONAL J3027 NOV2016 Page 2 of 11SAE J2570 Performance Specifications for Anthropomorphic Test Device TransducersSAE J2917 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity - F
13、rontal Impact Ambulance Patient CompartmentSAE J2956 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity - Side Impact Ambulance Patient CompartmentSAE J3044 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Rear Impact Ambulance Patient CompartmentSAE ARP5482 Photometric Data Acquisition Procedur
14、es for Impact Test2.2 Related PublicationsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report.Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 572.3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 LITTERA wheeled patient transport device affixed using a litter
15、retention system. This does not include wheelchairs, stair chairs, transport chairs, backboards, incubator transport cots, or carry stretchers. 3.2 LITTER RETENTION SYSTEMA system that provides means for securing a litter to the floor and/or side wall of an ambulance. 3.3 ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICE
16、S (ATD) A biofidelic test device which represents a variety of human forms and sizes including men, women, and children. Physical characteristics of the ATD are described in 49 CFR 572. 3.4 LITTER-BASED PATIENT RESTRAINT SYSTEMThe patientrestraining members and the attaching hardware provided by the
17、 litter manufacturer as original equipment. 3.5 FRACTURE The cracking or tearing of litter or litter retention system. 3.6 LOAD BEARINGAny component of the litter, litter retention system, and patient restraint system that is required to secure both the ATD to the litter and the litter to the floor.
18、3.7 LOAD PATH A series of load bearing components.3.8 FOWLERThe adjustable backrest of the litter.SAE INTERNATIONAL J3027 NOV2016 Page 3 of 114. REQUIREMENTSEach litter, litter retention system, and litter-based patient restraint shall be capable of meeting the requirements set forth under this stan
19、dard when tested in accordance with test conditions and procedures outlined in SAE J2917, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Frontal Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment, SAE J2956, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Side Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment and SAE
20、 J3044, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Rear Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment. The ATD used for all test procedures contained in SAE J2917, SAE J2956 and SAE J3044 shall be the Hybrid III 50th percentile male, with abdomen and pedestrian pelvis.5. TEST CONDITIONS. The followi
21、ng conditions apply:5.1 The rigid sled test platform shall be in a horizontal plane.5.2 These tests are considered destructive tests. At the option of the manufacturer, a new production litter, litter retention system, and litter-based patient restraint may be used for each individual test.5.3 A 50t
22、h percentile male Hybrid III ATD, with abdomen and pedestrian pelvis, shall be used in each test. Recommended instrumentation is described in Appendix A, Table 1. The Injury Assessment Reference Values (IARVs) established for other automotive test applications are recommended as guidance only for pa
23、tient litter developers. As research evolves to better understand injury mechanisms of the supine occupant, application specific IAVRs may be established. 5.4 Upon request from the manufacturer, uni-axial accelerometers may be installed on the rigid floor structure within 5 inches of both the fore a
24、nd aft litter attachment points oriented in line with the primary axis for the ensuing test. Likewise, accelerometers may be installed on structural member(s) of the litter as needed for data gathering per consultation / recommendation with the equipment manufacturer of the sample being tested.5.5 A
25、ll digital instrumentation channels shall meet the performance requirements of SAE J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test. Examples include accelerometer orientation, filter frequencies and sampling rate and calibration metrics. Optical channels shall meet the performance requirements of SAE J211-2
26、Instrumentation for Impact Test-Part 2: Photographic Instrumentation. If an instrumented ATD is utilized, instrumentation shall meet the performance requirements described in SAE J2570 Performance Specifications for Anthropomorphic Test Devices. All data acquisition channel polarities shall be set i
27、n accordance with SAE J1733, Sign Conventions for Vehicle Crash Testing.The numerical methods used to process impact test data such as the calculation of Head Injury Criteria (HIC) or Nijshall be performed in accordance with the guidance provide in SAE J1727 Calculation Guidelines for Impact Testing
28、.5.6 A motion capture, grid system or other methodology shall be used to accurately measure ATD motion as outlined below. (Note: If a motion capture or grid system is used, the test facility will need to compensate for the distance and angle of the grid system relative to the ATD to minimize the eff
29、ects of lens distortion, parallax error, correct for measurement in different planes, and other potential optical measurement errors. Use common photogrammetricmethods as described in SAE J211-2 and SAE ARP5482, as applicable.)5.6.1 The grid system shall be constructed on a rigid surface that is pla
30、ced and attached to the sled at 90 degrees in the background of the viewing camera.5.6.2 The grid system shall consist of a series of horizontal and vertical lines constructed to form a series of 1” X 1” squares to analyze captured 2-D motion. Products such as inch tape are acceptable for constructi
31、on of the grid system.5.6.3 In addition to the grid system, a “go/no-go” method should be utilized to be able to visually determine if the longitudinal excursion limit has been reached. The “go/no-go” limit shall be placed 14 inches from the leading edge of the litter.5.6.4 Figure 1, shown below, sh
32、all be used for definition of litter orientation, reference axis, and longitudinal excursion measurement.SAE INTERNATIONAL J3027 NOV2016 Page 4 of 11Figure 15.7 The camera system shall be placed such that lateral excursion of the ATD beyond the edge of the litter shall be measured and provided as pa
33、rt of the manufacturers dataset when the load application is perpendicular to the side of the patient litter. The location of the reference plane or “Lateral Edge Reference” shall be provided by the manufacturer. The maximum lateral excursion shall be defined as the distance from the outer edge of t
34、he litter structure to the maximum travel point for the outer edge of the ATDs head. The data package will include the head path as depicted in Figure 2.5.8 Measurement of occupant excursion to the rearmost edge of the litter is not required.SAE INTERNATIONAL J3027 NOV2016 Page 5 of 11Figure 26. TES
35、T PROCEDURES6.1 Complete all pre-test checklist items identified in Appendix B, Table 1, as appropriate.6.2 Install litter retention system as provided by manufacturer to sled device.6.3 Install litter per manufacturer provided instructions.6.4 Place ATD on litter.6.4.1 Before restraining the ATD on
36、 the litter, place a 24” long x 21” wide x 3/16” thick smooth rubber pad made of Neoprene Shore 60A material over the chest region of the ATD and under the garment. The pad should cover the chest cavity and pelvic region of the ATD. Be sure to tape completely so the rubber is secured during the test
37、. This is done to prevent the restraint system from catching the mid portion of the ATD during the test event.6.4.2 A flexible material shall also be wrapped and taped over the knee joints of the ATD to prevent belts from intruding on knee joints during the test events.6.4.3 Positioning of the ATD o
38、n the litter shall be consistent with the following procedures. 6.4.3.1 Place the ATD on the litter so that it is positioned according to manufacturer specifications longitudinally. 6.4.3.2 Laterally, the head cg shall be located +/- 0.5 inch from the centerline of the cot unless otherwise specified
39、 by the manufacturer. 6.4.3.3 If belt load cells are to be used, install them prior to initiating belt tightening procedures. 6.4.3.4 Place a 24” long x 12” wide x 1/2” thick smooth rubber pad made of Neoprene Shore 90A material on top of the ATDs chest cavity. 6.4.3.5 Set the fowler angle at 15 deg
40、rees, +2/-0 degrees relative to horizontal with ATD in place.6.4.3.6 Manually tighten the belts as much as possible. A mechanical device shall not be used to increase belt tension. 6.4.3.7 Place a witness mark on each of the belts once they are tight (the belts will shift slightly otherwise).SAE INT
41、ERNATIONAL J3027 NOV2016 Page 6 of 116.4.3.8 Release the belt system and remove the rubber pad installed in step 6.4.3.4 from between the belts and ATD.6.4.3.9 Buckle the restraint system normally and restore the belt lengths to the previously placed witness marks.6.4.3.10 To record any belt slippag
42、e during testing, it is recommended to incrementally mark each belt with 1“ lines up to 5“.6.4.3.11 Secure any remaining slack in the occupant restraint webbing so as to not interfere with the camera views.6.5 Instrument litter and litter retention system per Appendix A, Table 1 requirements for eac
43、h test, individually.6.6 Check the fowler angle. If required, reset litter fowler to a 15 degree angle, +2/-0 degrees relative to horizontal with ATD in place.6.7 If high speed motion capture is used, it is recommended that video camera coverage be sufficient to allow for post-test analysis of excur
44、sion values. Further, it is recommended that at least 2 side view cameras and one overhead camera be utilized. The cameras should allow for sufficient side-to-side coverage to be able to capture the full ATD movement. If motion capture is used to monitor the excursion of the ATD, at least one camera
45、 must be specifically targeted to monitor the excursion limit identified jointly by the manufacturer and test facility. Use commonphotogrammetric methods as described in SAE J211-2 and SAE ARP5482, as applicable.6.8 Pretest photos will be taken to document the location of the ATD and restraint syste
46、ms as described in Appendix B.6.9 Test in accordance with dynamic sled test facility protocol to achieve dynamic loading as defined in SAE J2917, SAE J2956 and SAE J3044, as appropriate.6.10 Verify proper recording of instrumented data within the data acquisition system. It is recommended that data
47、processing of items such as head, chest and pelvis 3ms peak and resultant accelerations and the calculation of HIC, be accomplished by the test facility and be provided with the electronic data at the completion of each test event.7. POST TEST INSPECTION7.1 Complete all post-test checklist items ide
48、ntified in Appendix B, as appropriate.7.2 Post-test photos will be taken to document location of ATD and restraint systems.7.3 Visually inspect litter, litter retention system and litter-based patient restraint system for evidence of material fracture, deformation or tearing. Any instances should be
49、 noted in the report through photos.7.4 Maximum head excursion shall be recorded. (Inches measured from the leading edge of the head of the ATD with respect to original datum as defined in Figures 1 and 2.)8. ACCEPTANCE CRITERIAThe following acceptance criteria are applied per Section 4 Requirements to determine the “pass” or “fail” state of the test.8.1 Deformation and displacement of parts is acceptable.8.2 Fracture is
