1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2016 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visitHTTP:/STANDARDS.SAE.ORG/J3026_201611SURFACE VEHICLERECOMMENDED PRACTICEJ3026 NOV2016Issued 2014-08Revised 2016-11Superseding J3026
5、 AUG2014Ambulance Patient Compartment Seating Integrity and Occupant RestraintRATIONALEThis revision includes clarification for bench seat testing to ensure a single or multi seat bench is tested in the same manner as a single, standalone captains style seat. A reference to the Code of Federal Regul
6、ations, Title 49, Part 571.210 has been added to assist in determining when multiple anthropomorphic test devices should be used during a single test event. This revision also provides the ability for test facilities to utilize either the Hybrid III or ES2-re anthropomorphic test device for side imp
7、act testing relative to seated occupants orientation.1. SCOPEThis SAE Recommended Practice describes the testing procedures that may be used to evaluate the integrity of groundambulance-based occupant seating and occupant restraint systems for workers and civilians transported in the patient compart
8、ment of an ambulance when exposed to a frontal or side impact. This Recommended Practice was based on ambulance patient compartment dynamics and is not applicable to other vehicle applications or seating positions. This Recommended Practice is structured to accommodate seating systems installed in m
9、ultiple attitudes including but not limited to side-facing, rear-facing, and forward-facing. Its purpose is to provide ambulance seating manufacturers, ambulanceoccupant restraint manufacturers, ambulance builders, and end-users with testing procedures and, where appropriate, acceptance criteria tha
10、t, to a great extent ensures the occupant seating and occupant restraint system meet similar performance criteria as FMVSS 208 requires for seat belted passengers in light vehicles. The test conditions utilized are standardized orientations that do not reflect potential conditions that may exist pri
11、or to impact such as braking and/or steering and their effects on the initial positions of the occupants and surfaces relative to the occupants. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video coverage, text fixture, and performance metrics are included.SAE INTERNATIONAL J3
12、026 NOV2016 Page 2 of 112. REFERENCESThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1 Applicable DocumentsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the e
13、xtent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USAand Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J
14、211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 1: Electronic InstrumentationSAE J211-2 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 2: Photographic InstrumentationSAE Engineering Aid 23“Users Manual for the 50th-Percentile Hybrid-III Test Dummy,” June 1985SAE J2917 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting
15、Integrity Frontal Impact Ambulance Patient CompartmentSAE J2956 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Side Impact Ambulance Patient CompartmentSAE J3044 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Rear Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment2.2 Related PublicationsThe following pu
16、blications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report.2.2.1 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)Available from the United States Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401, Tel: 202-512-1800, www.gpo.gov.Code o
17、f Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571.207.Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571.208.Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571.209.Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571.210Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571.213.Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 571
18、.214.Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 572.SAE INTERNATIONAL J3026 NOV2016 Page 3 of 113. DEFINITIONS 3.1 DESIGNATED SEATING POSITIONAs defined in 49 CFR 571.3 and 571.10, as applicable. This also includes any factory-installed built-in child restraint system as defined in 49 CFR 571.213.3
19、.2 PEDESTAL SEATING SYSTEMA seating system that has restraint systems integrated into the seats structure or attached to the seats pedestal. 3.3 BENCH OR JUMP SEATING SYSTEMA seating system that is built into, or integrated into, the patient compartment structure and may utilize portions of vehicle
20、wall structure as the seat back. The restraint systems for these seats are attached to the vehicle wall or floor structure, seat base structure, or both, depending upon the restraint system utilized. 3.4 ANTHROPOMORPHICHYBR TEST DEVICE (ATD)A biofidelic test device which represents a variety of huma
21、n forms and sizes including men, women, and children. For the purposes of this document only 50th percentile male ATDs will be used, with a seated hip, to allow the ATD to be positioned properly on each seating system. Specific details regarding these ATDs are provided in 49 CFR Part 572. In the cas
22、e of an integrated child seating position being tested, the instrumented ATD described in FMVSS 213 used should meet or exceed the maximum weight limits specified for that child seating position by the seat manufacturer for that designated child seatingposition.3.5 RESTRAINT SYSTEMAny strap, webbing
23、, or similar device designed to secure a person in the patient compartment with the intention of mitigating the results of a collision, including all buckles and other fasteners and all hardware designed for installing the assembly inthe ambulance patient compartment. The entirety of the restraint s
24、ystem shall meet the definitions set forth as “Occupant Restraint System” in 49 CFR Part 571.209.3.6 FRACTURE To crack or tear. 3.7 SEAT ADJUSTERAs defined by Title 49 CFR Part 571.207 means the part of the seat that provides forward and rearward positioning of the seat bench and back, and/or rotati
25、on around a vertical axis, including any fixed portion, such as a seat track. 3.8 SEATING SYSTEMAny unique combination of a Bench, Jump, or Pedestal Seat, Restraint System, and Seat Adjuster which are used as a Designated Seating Position.3.9 SEAT A structure that provides at least one Designated Se
26、ating Position consisting of a minimum of a seat bench and may also include a back.SAE INTERNATIONAL J3026 NOV2016 Page 4 of 113.10 EXTENDED The seat has been adjusted as far as possible on the seat base in the direction that the seated occupant is facing.3.11 RETRACTEDThe seat has been adjusted as
27、far as possible on the seat base in the direction opposite that to which the seated occupant is facing.4. REQUIREMENTSEach patient compartment Seating System shall meet the requirements set forth under this recommended practice when tested in accordance with test conditions and procedures outlined i
28、n SAE J2917, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Frontal Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment, SAE J2956, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Side Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment and SAE J3044, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Rear Impact Ambul
29、ance Patient Compartment.4.1 Each Seating System shall be tested using one of the two following methods:4.1.1 The Pedestal Seating System shall be mounted to a rigid sled device utilizing the mounting hardware locations and type(s) (e.g., number and type of fastener) prescribed by its manufacturer).
30、 The sled shall be capable of reproducing the crash pulse curves described in SAE J2917, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Frontal Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment, SAE J2956, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Side Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment and SAE
31、J3044, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Rear Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment.4.1.2 The Bench or Jump Seating System shall include representative structure sufficient to fully attenuate ATD driven loading during performance of the sled test. If the bench seat has multiple desi
32、gnated seating positions, as described in FMVS 210 S4.2.4 (a) and (b), an ATD must be placed in each designated seating position at the same time and tested as a complete seating system. The Bench or Jump Seating System and representative structure shall be mounted to a rigid sled device. The sled s
33、hall be capable of reproducing the crash pulse curves described in SAE J2917, Occupant Restraint, Equipment Mounting Integrity Frontal Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment and SAE J2956, Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Side Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment and SAE J3044, Occu
34、pant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Rear Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment.4.2 The Seating System may fracture but must maintain a continuous load path from the ATD, through the restraint system and the seating system structure, to the seating systems attachment to the floor or sled d
35、uring the performance of each dynamic test.4.3 ATD measured and calculated biomechanical parameters shall not exceed the following limits:4.3.1 Forward- or rear-facing 50th percentile adult male Hybrid III ATD relative to the impact as specified in FMVSS 208.4.3.2 Side-facing 50th percentile adult m
36、ale ES-2re ATD relative to the impact as specified in FMVSS 214.4.3.3 Side-facing 50th percentile adult male Hybrid III ATD relative to the impact as specified below:4.3.3.1 The maximum calculated HIC36 value shall not exceed 1000.4.3.3.2 The resultant acceleration calculated from the output of the
37、thoracic instrumentation shall not exceed 60 gs, except for intervals whose cumulative duration is not more than 3 milliseconds.NOTE: The recommended ATD for perpendicular impact relative to seating orientation for an adult occupant is the 50th percentile male ES-2re. However, if it suits the purpos
38、es of the test, the 50th percentile male Hybrid III may be substituted.SAE INTERNATIONAL J3026 NOV2016 Page 5 of 114.3.3.3 Forward- or rear-facing child ATD relative to the impact as specified in FMVSS 213, Child ATD excursion measurements are not required.4.4 Occupant restraints must all be able to
39、 release at the buckle following each test event.4.5 Damage or measured data values that result as an artifact of the test device or test procedure may be excluded from consideration. ATD-to-ATD contact may be excluded from consideration if multiple test devices are used as described in 4.1.2. A dec
40、ision to exclude data from consideration shall be documented with an explanation that includes photographic and instrumented time history data to validate such as an artifact.5. TEST CONDITIONSThe following conditions apply:5.1 The rigid sled test platform shall be in a horizontal plane. 5.2 Each se
41、ating system shall be tested in each of the following positions:5.2.1 A seating system facing the front of the vehicle shall be tested in the fully extended position using SAE J2917. 5.2.2 A seating system facing the rear of the vehicle shall be tested in the fully retracted position using SAE J2917
42、. This test is specifically intended to evaluate the integrity of the seating system in this position.5.2.3 A seating system facing the rear of the vehicle shall be tested in the fully extended position using SAE J2917. This test is specifically intended to evaluate the integrity of the seating syst
43、em and seat adjuster in this position 5.2.4 A seating system facing the front or rear of the vehicle that is symmetrical shall be tested with the seat in the fully extended position using SAE J2956. 5.2.4.1 If the forward or rear facing seating system is asymmetrical, two tests must be completed to
44、evaluate the asymmetrical loading imparted on the ATD and seating system, once on each side, in the fully extended position, using SAE J2956. 5.2.5 A seating system that is only lockable in a side facing position relative to the front of the vehicle shall be tested in both the full extended and full
45、y retracted adjustable position using SAE J2956.5.2.5.1 The Seating System shall be tested with the SAE J2956 impact directed into the front of the occupant with the seating system in the fully extended position to test seat structural integrity, occupant restraint structural integrity, and ATD resp
46、onse when the ATD is directed into the restraint system.5.2.5.2 The Seating System shall be tested with the SAE J2956 impact pulse directed into the rear of the occupant seat or Bench Seat with the seat system in the fully retracted position to test seat structural integrity, occupant restraint stru
47、ctural integrity, and ATD response when the ATD is directed into the seat back or padded wall structure.5.2.6 All other lockable positions from +90 through 0 degrees to -90 degrees, where 0 degrees points toward the front of the vehicle, shall be tested with the seat in the fully extended adjustable
48、 position using SAE J2917.5.2.7 All other lockable positions from +91 through 180 degrees to -91 degrees, where 180 degrees points toward the rear of the vehicle, shall be tested with the seat in the fully retracted adjustable position using SAE J2917.5.2.8 A seating system that is only to be instal
49、led rear facing may be tested into the restraint system utilizing SAE J3044.5.3 These tests are considered destructive tests. Therefore, a new seating system shall be used in each test attitude. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3026 NOV2016 Page 6 of 115.4 The ATD to be used will vary based on seating orientation and seat application. Select the appropriate ATD for a given test based on the following criteria;5.4.1 Any
