1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub
3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2950_201202SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ2950 FEB2012 Issued 2012-02Recommended
5、 Practices (RP) for Shipping Transport and Handling of Automotive-TypeBattery System - Lithium Ion RATIONALEThe transport of current and advanced technology battery systems requires knowledge of current transportation regulations as well as battery systems capabilities in assisting with self diagnos
6、tics to help ensure battery system transportability. This RP will provide assistance in identifying relevant regulations and assist in recommending self diagnostic battery system capabilities. This RP is not a substitute for proper training, which is required by regulation, and or study of national
7、and international regulations. 1. SCOPE This RP aids in the identification, handling, and shipping of new and used un-installed lithium ion battery systems to and from specified locations. The generic term “battery system” shall be used to identify automotive-type and sized “traction” batteries when
8、 used as intended by the vehicle and battery system original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for ground vehicles. It is the specific intent of this RP to identify, utilize and reference existing US and International hazardous materials (dangerous goods) transportation regulations, which are the only
9、methodologies to be used to establish transportability of new battery systems. It is also the intent of this RP to provide recommendations regarding diagnostic testing to be used by service and shipping personnel for the purpose of determining a used battery systems transportability. In support of t
10、he service and shipping personnel, the diagnostics process seeks to use standard tools of the trade and avoid laboratory type equipment.1.1 PURPOSE This SAE RP provides a basis from which to determine the relevant regulations to consult when preparing a new battery system for shipment. It also provi
11、des recommendations that can be implemented during the development of the battery system to be used by qualified users to determine the transportability of a used battery system. The determination of whether the battery system is transportable or not with regard to current regulations is shared by t
12、he battery system OEM and the shipper. SAE J2950 Issued FEB2012 Page 2 of 14 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. NOTE: Users s
13、hould ensure that the latest revision and legislative updates of these documents is being referenced.2.1.1 International Standards Organization (ISO) Publications Available from International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varembe, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +
14、41-22-749-01-11, www.iso.org.ISO 6469-1:2009 Electrically propelled road vehicles - Safety specifications - Part 1: On-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) 2.1.2 United Nations Publications Available from UN Economic Commission for Europe, Information Service, Palais des Nations, CH-1211
15、Geneva 10, Switzerland, Tel: +41-0-22-917-44-44, www.unece.org. Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, 5th Revised Edition, 2009. ST/SG/AC.10/11/Rev. 5 Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, 17th Revised Edition, 2011. ST/S
16、G/AC.10/1/Rev. 17 (Vol. I and II) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code 2.1.3 United States Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Admi
17、nistration U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, 49 CFR, Subchapter C - Hazardous Materials Regulations, Parts 171 - 185 (Available online; http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/)SAE J2950 Issued FEB2012 Page 3 of 14 2.1.4 Related Publications Technical Instructions for the Safe Transportation of Dangerous Goods
18、by Air, 2011-2012 Edition; International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Maritime Dangerous Goods Regulations (IMDG), Amendment 35-10 (1 January, 2011); International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations 53rdEdition 2
19、012 USABC recycling chemistry ID (Publication Pending)SAE J2464 Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS) Safety and Abuse Testing IEC62133 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary c
20、ells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications IEC62281 Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport ISO/DIS 12405-1 Electrically propelled road vehicles - Test specification for lithium-Ion traction battery systems - Part 1: High power appli
21、cations IEC 62660-1 Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Part 1: Performance testing3. DEFINITIONS All definitions are in accordance with SAE J1715 or taken from the regulatory references. Additional definitions: 3.1 BATTERY SYSTEM Completely functional energy s
22、torage system consisting of the pack(s) and necessary ancillary subsystems for physical support, thermal management, and electronic control.3.2 BATTERY PACK Is a single assembly with batteries that is part of a Battery System. In some cases a single pack may comprise the complete Battery System. 3.3
23、 COMPETENT AUTHORITY Any authority designated, or otherwise recognized, by a State (country) to perform specific functions related to international standards. 3.4 COMPETENT AUTHORITY APPROVAL An approval by the competent authority that is required under an international standard (for example, the IC
24、AO Technical Instructions for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods by Air and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code). SAE J2950 Issued FEB2012 Page 4 of 14 3.5 DISASSEMBLY Means a vent or rupture where solid matter from any part of a battery system has been physically detached. 3.6 BATTER
25、Y Two or more cells which are electrically connected together and fitted with devices necessary for use, for example, case, terminals, marking and protective devices. 3.7 FIRE The emission of flames from a battery (approximately more than one s). Sparks are not flames. 3.8 EXPLOSION Very fast releas
26、e of energy sufficient to cause pressure waves and/or projectiles that may cause considerable structural and/or bodily damage. 3.9 LEAKAGE The visible escape of electrolyte or other material from a cell or battery or the loss of material (except battery casing, handling devices or labels) from a cel
27、l or battery. 3.10 MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet 3.11 RESPONSIBLE ORGANIZATION The organization which is responsible for overseeing the required tests and assuring the propriety of the tests and results. Examples are vehicle or battery system manufacturers or independent test authorities. 3.12 RUP
28、TURE The mechanical failure of a cell container or battery case induced by an internal or external cause, resulting in exposure or spillage but not ejection of solid materials. 3.13 SERVICEABLE A device or component that can be quickly and safely and easily removed and replaced by the user without h
29、aving to send the entire product or system to a repair facility. The defective device or component is found by standard troubleshooting procedures and is, removed and replaced using standard non-specialized tools. 3.14 VENTING The release of excessive internal pressure from a Battery System cell, mo
30、dule or pack in a manner intended by design to preclude rupture or explosion. SAE J2950 Issued FEB2012 Page 5 of 14 4. TRANSPORTATION REGULATIONS 4.1 Responsibilities In addition to any other battery system design, performance, or fit requirements, both the requirements generator (the battery system
31、 “customer”) and/or battery system design/manufacturer must provide sufficient guidance to enable the safe shipment and/or transport of each battery system in full compliance with the applicable transportation regulations regardless of type, construction, size, or application. This responsibility in
32、cludes the elimination, or mitigation to an acceptable safety level, of occupational and environmental hazards associated with the transport, packaging, and handling of same. In addition, the need for all special tools, adapters, and kits must be identified and appropriate actions taken to allow acc
33、ess to same for qualified users. These responsibilities are equally applicable to battery system OEM-approved secondary (subsequent use) applications, intended and approved non-vehicle applications, rebuild/recondition operations, and recyclers. As a minimum, the requirements generator (the battery
34、system “customer”) and/or battery system design/manufacturer must develop, proof, publish, and disseminate in the English language all datum required to enable the capability to identify, classify, move (handling), and safely ship and/or transport each type of battery system within the legal/regulat
35、ory requirements of the U.S./national or international transportation regulations. 4.2 Regulatory Flow Diagram The transport of rechargeable lithium ion batteries whether contained in or packed with equipment is allowed for transport if certain regulatory requirements are met. This document is forma
36、tted in such a manner as to aid the reader in determining those requirements. The flowchart below provides a map of how these requirements are presented. The first section aids in the determination of what kind of battery is being considered for transportation (Used, New or Remanufactured). Once thi
37、s determination is made verification and the regulations are discussed.SAE J2950 Issued FEB2012 Page 6 of 14 FIGURE 1 BATTERY SYSTEM TYPE DETERMINATION SAE J2950 Issued FEB2012 Page 7 of 14 4.2.1 Regulations The regulations that govern the transport of rechargeable lithium ion (including lithium ion
38、 polymer) cells and batteries which are classified dangerous goods are based on the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods Model Regulations. Transport of dangerous goods is regulated internationally by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Technical Instructions and c
39、orresponding International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations, and the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code. In the United States, transportation of these batteries is regulated by the Hazardous Materials Regulations (HMR), which is found at Title 49 of the Co
40、de of Federal Regulations, Sections 100-185. Shipping requirements for Lithium cells and batteries can be found in Section 173.185. Applicable Special Provisions are found in Section 172.102. These sections provide detailed information on packaging and exceptions for cells and batteries while furthe
41、r information on packaging and specifications for packaging can be found in Section 172.101 and Section 178. The Office of Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), which is within the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) is responsible for drafting and writing the U.S. HMR
42、that govern the transportation of hazardous materials (also known as dangerous goods) by air, rail, highway and water. Lithium ion cells and batteries are identified as Class 9 hazardous materials, which is one of nine classes of hazardous materials or dangerous goods defined in the UN, US and other
43、 transportation regulations. As class 9 hazardous materials, cells and batteries must meet UN testing, packaging, marking, labeling and shipping paper requirements. The table below provides a synopsis of the regulations now in effect for both the US and Internationally. SAE J2950 Issued FEB2012 Page
44、 8 of 14 TABLE 1 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS OVERVIEW Regulation Lithium Ion Cell/BatteryShippingClassification/TestingSpecialPackaging/MarkingsBattery Size US1.5 g / 8.0 g Max. ELC(1)Excepted / T1-T8(2)Yes(5)Small5.0 g / 25 g Max. ELC(1)Class 9 / T1-T8(3)Yes(6)Medium5.0 g / 25 g ELC(1)Class 9 / T1-T8(4
45、)Yes(8)Large (more than)International20 Wh / 100 Wh Max. Wh Excepted / T1-T8 (7)Yes20 Wh / 100 Wh Class 9 / T1-T8 (4)Yes (8)(1) Equivalent Lithium Content (ELC) is measured as 0.3 times the rated capacity of a cell in Ah (0.3XAh of cell) with the result expressed in g. ELC of a battery is equal to t
46、he sum of the g of ELC contained in the component cells of the battery.(2) All cells and batteries must pass UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Section 38.3 Tests T1-T8.(3) All cells and batteries must pass UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Section 38.3 Tests T1-T8 and must be shipped as Class 9 hazardou
47、s materials unless transported by motor vehicle or rail car.(4) All cells and batteries must pass UN Manual of Tests and Criteria Section 38.3 Tests T1-T8 and be shipped as a Class 9 hazardous material.(5) Packages containing more than 12 batteries or 24 cells must meet certain packaging, marking, a
48、nd shipping paper requirements.(6) Requires Class 9 markings, label, specification packaging, and shipping papers unless transported by motor vehicle or rail car.(7) Cells and batteries must pass UN T1-T8 Tests. Cells and batteries that pass UN Tests are excepted from regulation. NOTE: The IMDG Code
49、 contains a grandfather clause for testing “small” cells and batteries until December 31, 2013.(8) Requires Class 9 markings, label, specification packaging, and shipping papers.The material presented here is not all inclusive of the regulations that are required to ship a product but is meant to educate the reader on the complexity involved in doing so. The reader is encouraged to review the regulations cited here so that they follow p
