1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther
2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this
3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49
4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J2945_201712 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J2945 DEC2017 Issued 2017-12 Dedicated Short Range Commu
5、nication (DSRC) Systems Engineering Process Guidance for SAE J2945/X Documents and Common Design Concepts RATIONALE This is an “interim progress release“ which provides a snapshot of in-work content. It is intended to provide an opportunity for TC input and guidance, and to support overall coordinat
6、ion among the set of standards currently in development. Please note that this document is intended to be cross cutting, and should serve the goal of stating a great many common aspects of DSRC that the DSRC TC often takes for granted. New developers will need this information. While it is a normati
7、ve document for some common aspects of DSRC, it also provides informative material on both the exchanged messages, on DSRC systems, and many aspects of ITS work that together form a complex system. This standard is dedicated to the memory of Peter Byk, who provided support and guidance in the evolut
8、ion of the DSRC standards. He fostered the collaborative effort among SAE International, Federal and State governments, and the ITS industry that enabled a team of stakeholders and subject matter experts to create the DSRC message standards which will improve transportation safety and mobility. SAE
9、INTERNATIONAL J2945 DEC2017 Page 2 of 81 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. GENERAL INFORMATIVE . 4 1.1 Scope 4 1.1.1 Applicable Documents NORMATIVE 4 1.1.2 Related Publications . 5 1.2 General Statements 8 1.3 Terms and Definitions . 8 1.4 Abbreviations 13 2. INTRODUCTION TO DSRC STANDARD SERIES INFORMATIVE 16 2
10、.1 Connected Transportation Eco System (System of Systems) 16 2.2 Connected Transportation System Context Diagrams . 18 2.2.1 V2V System Motorized Vehicle Context Diagram 18 2.2.2 V2I Vehicle to Infrastructure Context Diagram . 20 2.3 SAE DSRC Standards Series Supporting the Connected Transportation
11、 Eco System . 20 3. SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS (SEP) FOR J2945/X INFORMATIVE . 21 3.1 Systems Engineering Process and Guidance to Support J2945/x Development . 21 3.1.1 Introduction . 21 3.1.2 Fundamentals of Systems Engineering 22 3.1.3 The Basics of the Concept of Operations . 25 3.1.4 The Basics
12、 of the Requirements . 27 3.1.5 The Basics of Design 31 3.1.6 Basics of the Requirements Traceability Matrix 34 3.2 Systems Engineering Outline for J2945/x . 35 4. COMMON DESIGN ELEMENTS 36 4.1 Over the Air Communications . 36 4.1.1 Non-DSRC Communications 36 4.1.2 5.9 GHz DSRC-Based Communications
13、36 4.1.3 DSRC Profiles . 43 4.2 Security and Privacy . 49 4.2.1 Security Recommendations for Non-DSRC Protocols 49 4.2.2 Security and Privacy for DSRC-Based Systems 49 4.3 Registered Number Spaces 50 4.3.1 Provider Service Identifier (PSID) (Informative) 50 4.4 Location and Time . 51 5. NOTES 51 5.1
14、 Revision Indicator 51 APPENDIX A REQUIREMENTS TRACEABILITY MATRIX (RTM) INFORMATIVE . 52 APPENDIX B SYSTEMS ENGINEERING PROCESS TEMPLATES INFORMATIVE 54 APPENDIX C COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PROFILES NORMATIVE . 59 APPENDIX D DETAILED WAVE DESCRIPTION INFORMATIVE . 63 APPENDIX E RF DESIGN CONSTRAI
15、NTS INFORMATIVE 75 Figure 1 Connected transportation (system of systems) 17 Figure 2 Vehicle classification using FHWA 13 - category scheme 18 Figure 3 Connected vehicle (V2V) context diagram 19 Figure 4 Connected infrastructure context diagram 20 Figure 5 Relationship of system and J2945/x standard
16、s 21 Figure 6 Systems engineering vee-diagram lifecycle 23 Figure 7 J2945/x SEP relationships 24 Figure 8 Traceability matrices . 24 Figure 9 User needs 26 Figure 10 Parts of a UML sequence diagram . 32 Figure 11 SAE DSRC Table of Contents for J2945/x . 35 Figure 12 Use of DSRC . 36 SAE INTERNATIONA
17、L J2945 DEC2017 Page 3 of 81 Figure 13 WAVE reference model and standards . 37 Figure 14 Local advertised service 44 Figure 15 Network or internet-based advertised service 44 Figure 16 Separate provider and advertiser 45 Figure 17 Advertisement of a broadcast service . 45 Figure 18 Broadcast service
18、 46 Figure 19 RSU listener with optional response . 46 Figure 20 V2V or V2P broadcast message . 49 Table 1 Needs to requirements traceability matrix . 30 Table 2 Requirements traceability matrix . 34 Table 3 EDCA recommendations. 39 Table 4 Channel use recommendations for the 5.850 to 5.925 GHz DSRC
19、 service band 41 Table 5 PSIDs used by SAE standards (also see IEEE standard 1609.12) 50 SAE INTERNATIONAL J2945 DEC2017 Page 4 of 81 1. GENERAL INFORMATIVE 1.1 Scope This SAE Standard serves as the guidance document for the J2945/x family of standards as illustrated in Figure 7. It contains cross-c
20、utting material which applies to the other J2945/x standards, including recommended practice for the use of Systems Engineering (SE) and generic DSRC interface requirements content. The scope for the DSRC system environment is to provide for the information exchange between a host vehicle and anothe
21、r DSRC enabled device, a device worn by or otherwise attached to a traveler, a roadside device, or a management center, to address safety, mobility, and environmental system needs. The audience for this document includes the technical teams of developers of the J2945/x documents and the implementers
22、 of the applications which are based on the J2945/x documents. 1.1.1 Applicable Documents NORMATIVE The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 1.1.1.1 SAE Publications Avai
23、lable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. 1 SAE J2540 Messages for Handling Strings and Look-Up Tables in ATIS Standards 2 SAE J2540-2 ITIS Phrase Lists (International Trav
24、eler Information Systems) 3 SAE J2735 Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary 4 SAE J2945/1 On-Board System Requirements for V2V Safety Communications 5 SAE J2945/9 Vulnerable Road User Safety Message Minimum Performance Requirements 1.1.1.2 IEEE Publications This standard
25、 is intended to be independent of the underlying lower layer protocols, though early deployments are expected to use the “DSRC-WAVE” technology operating at 5.9 GHz. Available from IEEE Operations Center, 445 and 501 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141, Tel: 732-981-0060, www.ieee.org. 6 IEEE Std 1
26、609.0-2013 IEEE Guide for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) Architecture 7 IEEE Std 1609.2-2016 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments - Security Services for Applications and Management Messages 8 IEEE Std 1609.3-2016 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicula
27、r Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services 9 IEEE Std 1609.4-2016 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Multi-channel Operation SAE INTERNATIONAL J2945 DEC2017 Page 5 of 81 10 IEEE Std 1609.12-2016 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - I
28、dentifier Allocations 11 IEEE Std 802.11-2016 Standard for LAN/MAN - Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications 1.1.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required
29、 part of this SAE Technical Report. 1.1.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. 12 SAE J1939 Serial Control and Communications Heavy Duty Vehicle
30、 Network - Top Level Document 13 SAE J3067 Candidate Improvements to Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary SAE J2735 Using Systems Engineering Methods 1.1.2.2 ISO Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/webstore.ansi.org/. 14 ISO 16460 Intell
31、igent transport systems - Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) Communication protocol messages for global usage 15 ISO 21217 Intelligent transport systems Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) Architecture 16 ISO 29281-1 Intelligent transport systems Communication access for land mo
32、biles (CALM) Non-IP networking Part 1: Fast networking Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 51 Specification of the Bluetooth System (Bluetooth Core Specification), Bluetooth SIG 52 Systems
33、Engineering Principles and Practice, Second Edition, Alexander Kossiakoff, William N. Sweet, Samuel J Seymour, Steven M. Biemer; Wiley, 2011 53 Xiaohui Wang, Eric Anderson, Peter Steenkiste, Fan Bai, Improving the Accuracy of Environment-Specific Vehicular Channel Modeling, WiNTECH, 2012. (BibTeX).
34、54 Xiaohui Wang, Kevin Borries, Eric Anderson, Peter Steenkiste, Network-Scale Emulation of General Wireless Channels, Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2011-Fall, 2011 55 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, VOL. 9, NO. 2, JUNE 2008 235 VehicleVehicle Channel Models for the
35、5-GHz Band Indranil Sen, Member, IEEE, and David W. Matolak, Senior Member, IEEE. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2945 DEC2017 Page 8 of 81 56 Guillermo Acosta and Mary Ann Ingram, “Doubly Selective Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channel Measurements and Modeling at 5.9 GHz,” Proceedings 2006 Wireless Personal Multimedia Co
36、mmunications Conference (WPMC06), San Diego, CA, September 17-20, 2006. 57 G. Acosta and M.A. Ingram, “Six Time- and Frequency-Selective Empirical Channel Models for Vehicular Wireless LANs,“ (Best Paper Award) 1st IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications, Vehicular Technolo
37、gy Conference, (VTC 2007), Sept 30 - Oct 1, 2007. 58 M.A. Ingram and G. Acosta, “WAVE Motion-Related Channel Model Development,” doc.: IEEE 802.11-06/1017r1, San Diego, CA, July 18, 2006. 59 Measurement and Analysis of Wireless Channel Impairments in DSRC Vehicular Communications, Electrical Enginee
38、ring and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley, Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2008-33, http:/www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2008/EECS-2008-33.html, April 9, 2008, Laberteaux et al. 1.2 General Statements This document is intended to provide the common elements that support the
39、DSRC standards including the J2735 data dictionary and all J2945/x standards. It is intended that the J2735 and J2945/x standards will reference the common design elements, as needed to provide a single definition within the DSRC standards to avoid duplication of information. This will allow changes
40、 to be made in one document rather than propagating the changes across all of the J2945/x documents. 1.3 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the definitions, abbreviations and acronyms found in SAE J2735 also apply. The following additional definitions, abbreviations and acronym
41、s supersede those found in J2735 in the case of conflict. 1.3.1 ACTOR An entity that has an active role or interest in a use case, e.g., driver. 1.3.2 CERTIFICATE AUTHORITY (CA) A Back-Office Infrastructure entity that interacts with the Host Vehicle (HV) and the RA to enter into a dialog with the H
42、V and provide certification services. A primary goal of the CA is to manage the collection of certificates for DSRC devices. 1.3.3 CERTIFICATE MANAGEMENT The public key infrastructure that issues certificates and manages other security functions. 1.3.4 CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS DOCUMENT A user-oriented
43、document that describes a systems operational characteristics from the end users viewpoint. 34 1.3.5 CONNECTED VEHICLE A vehicle equipped with devices enabling interoperable network wireless communication. The devices can communicate with other equipped vehicles, infrastructure, and personal communi
44、cations devices. 1.3.6 CONTEXT DIAGRAM A context diagram is a block diagram, showing a system as a whole, and its inputs and outputs from/to external factors. This diagram is the highest-level view of a system. It shows the borders, actors, and interaction between systems and the major information f
45、low in and out of the system. It can also be referred to as a system context diagram (SCD) 51 1.3.7 CONTROL CHANNEL (CCH) The radio channel typically used in IEEE 1609 for transmitting service announcements and other control information in WAVE protocol. This is used in DSRC implemations. SAE INTERN
46、ATIONAL J2945 DEC2017 Page 9 of 81 1.3.8 DATA PLANE The data plane is the component of an abstract telecommunications architecture containing the entities that exchange protocol data units that contain application data units with their peers at the various layers in the protocol stack. 1.3.9 DEDICAT
47、ED SHORT RANGE COMMUNICATIONS DSRC is a low latency, multi-channel wireless form of communication enabling vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to/from-infrastructure devices. The protocol is based on the IEEE Standard 802.11 and the IEEE 1609 family of standards, and it operates in the 5.9 GHz band. 1.3.
48、10 DIALOG A sequence of two or more messages which are exchanged in a known format (typically of a request followed by one or more replies) between the parties. 1.3.11 DRIVER The human operating a vehicle (equipped or non-equipped) used in any role. Drivers may be actors in a use case. 1.3.12 ENCOUN
49、TER In the context of this Standard, an encounter is an exchange of messages between two or more DSRC equipped devices (OBUs, RSUs or other DSRC types). 1.3.13 ENTITY Anything of interest (such as a person, place, process, property, object, concept, association, state, event, etc.) within a given domain of discourse (in this case within
