1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2892_201310 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J2892 OCT2013 Issued 2013-10 Gr
5、aphics - Based Service Information RATIONALE Translating Service Information, Assembly Instructions, Training Materials, and other similar service documents into multiple human natural languages is a major expense for manufacturers. One method of reducing translation expenses involves replacing much
6、 of a documents text with still or animated graphics. In short, if text is not present, that text does not need to be translated. Although it is generally acknowledged that a “picture is worth a thousand words”, a pictures meaning can be described by many, and widely varying, interpretations. Althou
7、gh using pictures to replace text in service and similar information documents has translation savings potential, clarity of communication needs to be maintained for widespread adoption and application of this technique. Ensuring human and machine safety when a user attempts to follow a documented p
8、rocedure needs to be first priority when considering a method for reducing translation expense. Establishing a standard set of graphic symbols to represent actions or messages enhances the detail and clarity of a graphic-based document. Creating standard conventions for these symbols allows a consis
9、tent message across industry and deliverable types. 1. SCOPE This document establishes standard graphical symbols and color conventions for use in either still (static) or animated graphics used for communicating service information. This documents purpose is to communicate conventions for using tho
10、se symbols and colors to accurately and consistently communicate intended information via graphics-based documentation. These practices are intended for use in service procedures, assembly instructions, training materials, and similar applications when trying to minimize the amount of human natural
11、language text used within the document. The still and animated graphical conventions referenced should support effective communication via paper and “traditional” electronic media. The conventions can also extend to documenting via additional electronic delivery paradigms such as Augmented Reality (
12、AR). This document is intended for organizations interested in using graphics-based documentation to record and communicate assembly, adjustment, maintenance, and other service procedures. Adoption of this documents recommendations involves a series of business decisions. An organization choosing to
13、 follow this recommended practice is able to decide to implement the entire set of recommendations or to selectively adopt only those recommendations it determines are appropriate for their unique needs and situation. Short and long-term retention of an organizations legacy symbols and conventions a
14、re options to consider. Implementation may be partial or progress through multiple stages towards the full set of recommendations. In all situations, realizing this documents maximum, long-term benefits for all companies, organizations, and people requires that the symbols, colors, and conventions r
15、ecommended be widely taught and applied. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2892 Issued OCT2013 Page 2 of 37 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a
16、 part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 ASDSTAN Standards Currently produced by the Aerospace and Defense Industries Association of Europe (ASD), Aerospace Industries Association of America (AIA),
17、 and ATA e-Business Program. Available from http:/public.s1000d.org S1000D International specification for technical publications utilizing a common source database 2.1.2 IEC Publications Available from International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Sw
18、itzerland, Tel: +41-22-919-02-11, www.iec.ch. IEC 80416-1 Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment - Part 1: Creation of symbol originals IEC 80416-3 Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment - Part 3: Guidelines for the application of graphical symbols IEC 60417
19、 Graphical symbols for use on equipment IEC 60417 is only available via subscription in database form at URL http:/www.graphical-symbols.info/ 2.1.3 ISO Standards Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO
20、3864-1 Graphical symbols - Safety colors and safety signs - Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings ISO 7000 Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Registered symbols ISO 7000 is available via subscription in database form at URL http:/www.graphical-symbols.info/ Symbols are
21、 available in the ISO online Browsing Platform at URL https:/www.iso.org/obp/ui/ ISO 7001 Graphical symbols - Public information symbols Symbols are available in the ISO online Browsing Platform at URL https:/www.iso.org/obp/ui/ ISO 80416-2 Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment
22、 - Part 2: Form and use of arrows ISO 80416-4 Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment - Part 4: Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons) 2.1.4 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale,
23、PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J2892 Graphics Based Service Information Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J
24、2892 Issued OCT2013 Page 3 of 37 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 AMBER A color that is a combination of red, yellow, and black. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. 3.2 AUGMENTED REALITY Information projected into a persons view of the physical world. The information is either te
25、xt or graphics and is normally associated with physical objects and its projected orientation and scale are controlled in real-time by the using persons and viewing devices relative position and orientation with those physical objects. 3.3 BLACK A color that is the result of not emitting or reflecti
26、ng light in any part of visible light. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. 3.4 BLINK Causing a part or visualization to rapidly switch one or more times between being visible and invisible. 3.5 BLUE A primary color that is generally similar to the appearance of a cl
27、ear sky. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. 3.6 BLUE/WHITE DASH Alternating blue and white bands. See Figure 1. 3.7 BUBBLE A circle, square or other outline used to encompass a part, feature or group of objects for the purpose of drawing attention to the objects in
28、 their interior. 3.8 CALLOUT Alpha or numeric identifiers used with accompanying steps, tables, or text. Callouts are frequently used to indicate sequence of operation and to associate a specification and other information with a part. 3.9 COLOR Color is the visual perception in humans of the presen
29、ce of varying percentages of red, green, and blue in reflected or emitted light. Use the ASD-STAN S1000D pallet, as defined in that documents chapter 3.9.2.2.1, for generating the majority of the colors named in this document. See Figure 1. 3.10 FLASH Causing a part or visualization to rapidly switc
30、h four or more times between two different appearances 3.11 GREEN A color between blue and yellow. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lic
31、ense from IHS-,-,-SAE J2892 Issued OCT2013 Page 4 of 37 3.12 ICON A small graphical symbol used on computer displays and printed pages the meaning of which is often interpreted through its resemblance to physical objects. 3.13 LEADER LINE A thin line, frequently with an arrow head, and oriented at a
32、n angle to tie information to a part or feature 3.14 LIGHT BLUE A color that is generally similar to the appearance of a clear sky. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. 3.15 LIGHT GREY A neutral color between black and white. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D
33、 color pallet. See Figure 1. 3.16 MAGENTA A color that is deep purplish red that is the complementary color of green and, with yellow and cyan, forms a set of subtractive primary colors. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. 3.17 MULTIPLE Having more than one part res
34、ulting in an act occurring more than once. For example: Removing the five cap-screws attaching a wheel rim to the wheel hub. 3.18 ONE COLOR PRINTING Printing using one color of ink on paper; normally black ink on white paper. 3.19 PATTERNING A repetitious patterned fill, such as alternating color sq
35、uares, stripes or others, to the interior of one or more parts in 2D illustration or applying the same to the exterior skin of a 3D visualization of the same. 3.20 PROCEDURE COMPONENTS Subdivisions of a procedure: title, table of contents, index of messages, graphic symbols glossary, special tools u
36、sed, list of procedure steps, procedure steps, references, and ending. 3.21 PURPLE A mixture of blue and red. This color is not part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. 3.22 RED A primary color that is generally similar to the appearance of a ruby. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S
37、1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. 3.23 REPETITION The act of repeating the performance of an action, process or step more than once. For example: Turn a cap-screw in a clockwise direction for three complete rotations. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo
38、 reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2892 Issued OCT2013 Page 5 of 37 3.24 RGB An additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors. The name of the model comes from the initials of the
39、three additive primary colors, Red, Green, and Blue. 3.25 SPECIAL TOOL A unique tool needed to perform a service action on a product. 3.26 WHITE A mixture of all colors. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. 3.27 YELLOW A color that is generally similar to the appeara
40、nce of ripe lemons and, with magenta and cyan, forms a set of subtractive primary colors. This color is part of the ASD-STAN S1000D color pallet. See Figure 1. FIGURE 1 - RECOMMENDED COLOR PALLET 4. METHODS TO COMMUNICATE A SERVICE ACTION With increasing globalization of service literature, translat
41、ion efforts significantly impact project budgets and timelines. Graphics and standardized symbols become viable tools for reducing translation workload. Graphics and standardized symbols are generally deemed to be more quickly understood and clearer than text for most readers. Text is required when
42、an action cannot be adequately and clearly communicated by a graphic alone. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2892 Issued OCT2013 Page 6 of 37 General guidelines for work action au
43、thoring: g120 The best work action communication method is usually a graphic. g120 Graphics depicting or supporting the work action should be the default method. g120 Standardized graphical symbols and color can be added within the graphic or nearby to communicate simple common tasks (e.g., move, in
44、flate, and tighten). g120 Text should be added only when a graphic and a standardized symbol does not fully communicate the work action. g120 Adding text with a graphic should be done only when necessary to explain critical details, special techniques, or other non-intuitive work actions. g120 Textu
45、al content should be saved and reused to reduce future translation costs. g120 Avoid using specific details such as component names or unique qualifiers. For example, “Inspect the component for corrosion“ supports greater reuse, and therefore lower translation costs, than “Inspect the brake rotor fo
46、r corrosion“ g120 Keep sentences short to promote reuse. g120 Reuse existing sentences rather than create similar but textually different work instructions that cause additional translation time and money. For example, reuse “Remove bolts and slide rotor off of bearing hub“ rather than create a new
47、sentence: “Remove 5 bolts and slide brake rotor off of bearing hub“. 5. TECHNICAL RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 General Appearance Strive for consistency in the look and feel of work instructions by applying the same sequence, pace, general layout of information displays, application of colors, standard graph
48、ical symbols, messages, and graphic conventions to every work instruction. Consistency is important because it improves user comprehension. An inconsistent document creates confusion about the meaning of the graphical symbols. Assign a sequential number to every logical step and illustration within an overall procedure. Use a consistent and unique combination of location, font and format properties for the step numbers. 5.2 Procedure Sequence The following sequence of procedure components should be used: g120 Title Beginning the procedure with its title enables the user
