1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
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4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J2855_201710 SURFACE VEHICLE INFORMATION REPORT J2855 OCT2017 Issued 2017-10 Superseding EA-36
5、SEP2002 SAE Instrumented Arm Users Manual RATIONALE Document is being updated from Engineering Aid 36 to a “J” document. Added Scope “This users manual covers the instrumented arm for the Hybrid III 5th Percentile Small Female dummy as well as the SID IIs dummy. It is intended for technicians and en
6、gineers who have an interest in assessing arm injury from the use of frontal and side impact airbags. It covers the construction, disassembly and reassembly, available instrumentation, and segment masses.” In introduction “According to S.M. Kuppa, et al, in his 1997 research paper” was changed to “A
7、ccording to S.M. Kuppa, et al, in their 1997 research paper”. Section 2 REFERENCES - added “SAE J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test Part 1 Electronic Instrumentation”. Section 2 REFERENCES added “SAE J2878 Low Speed Thorax Impact Test Procedure for the HIII 5th Dummy”. Section 2 REFERENCES added
8、Kuppa, S., Olson, M., Yeiser, C., Taylor, L. et al., “RAID - An Investigative Tool to Study Air Bag/Upper Extremity Interactions,“ SAE Technical Paper 970399, 1997, https:/doi.org/10.4271/970399. Section 2 REFERENCES added “Section 2.1.2 ISO Publications”. Section 2.1.2 added “ISO Technical Report (
9、TR) number 15827, Road vehicles Test procedures Evaluating small female dummy arm and forearm interactions with driver frontal airbags and side airbags”. Table 1 Title added “ARM MASSES”. Table 2 Title added “RANGE OF MOTION LIMITS”. Table A1 Title added “FASTENERS”. Updated “Prepared By” to include
10、 “OF THE SAE HUMAN BIOMECHANICS AND SIMULATIONS STANDARDS STEERING COMMITTEE”. APPENDIX E Title Added “DRAWINGS”. APPENDIX F Deleted. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2855 OCT2017 Page 2 of 26 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 2. REFERENCES 3 2.1 Applicable Documents 3 2.1.1 SAE Publications . 4 2.1.2 ISO Publications
11、 4 2.2 Instrumentation . 4 2.3 Weights . 5 2.4 Range of Motion 5 2.5 About the Manual 5 3. DISASSEMBLY OF ARM REMOVAL FROM ATD 6 3.1 Instrumentation Cables . 7 3.2 Disassembly of Arm-Elbow . 8 3.2.1 Elbow. 9 3.3 Disassembly of Arm - Upper Arm . 10 3.3.1 Upper Arm Load Cell . 10 3.3.2 Upper Arm Z Piv
12、ot . 11 3.4 Disassembly Arm - Lower Arm . 11 3.4.1 Lower Arm Load Cell . 12 3.5 Disassembly of Arm - Wrist . 12 3.6 Changing Attachment Side . 13 3.6.1 Attaching Arm to SID-IIs 13 4. NOTES 14 4.1 Revision Indicator 14 APPENDIX A SCREW TYPE ABBREVIATIONS 15 APPENDIX B ELECTRICAL WIRING 16 APPENDIX C
13、ONE G ADJUSTMENT 17 APPENDIX D POTENTIOMETER CALIBRATION 20 APPENDIX E DRAWINGS 21 Figure 1 Air bag interaction arm (HIII-5F left arm shown) . 4 Figure 2 Model J3525 air bag interactive arm assembly 6 Figure 3 Arm removal 7 Figure 4 Cable routing . 7 Figure 5 Arm pivots . 8 Figure 6 Elbow pivot asse
14、mbly 9 Figure 7 Locking screw . 9 Figure 8 Upper arm assembly . 10 Figure 9 Upper arm Z pivot 11 Figure 10 Lower arm assembly . 11 Figure 11 Wrist Z accelerometer mount 12 Figure 12 Wrist assembly 13 Figure 13 SID-IIs arm flesh components . 14 Table 1 Arm masses 5 Table 2 Range of motion limits . 5
15、SAE INTERNATIONAL J2855 OCT2017 Page 3 of 26 INTRODUCTION The Instrumented Arm project began late in 1995 with interest in studying arm injuries incurred in vehicle accidents involving drivers-side airbags. According to studies available at the time, injuries to the arm had increased in conjunction
16、with the addition of drivers side airbags in new model vehicles. At the same time, there was also a strong interest in assessing potential frontal arm injury from side airbags. According to S.M. Kuppa, et al, in their 1997 research paper for the SAE International (SAE), RAID An Investigation Tool to
17、 Study Air Bag/Upper Extremity Interactions, arm injuries before the introduction of drivers side airbags into the mainstream automotive market accounted for about 1% of the injuries incurred. However, since their introduction, arm injury has increased to about 4%, with female drivers receiving inju
18、ries more frequently than males. The apparent reason for this increase in injury occurrence is the interaction of the arm with the airbag. Through vehicle crash testing with human cadavers and surrogates (crash dummies) researchers have reported injuries to the upper arm, lower arm and hand caused b
19、y airbag deployment. Research has shown that arm injuries typically occur in one of two ways: 1) the arm is propelled by the deploying airbag into a pillar or beam or the occupants head, or 2) “primary contact injuries,” which occur when the drivers arm is directly in front of, or on top of, the air
20、bag when it deploys. The fact that the occurrence of these injuries is seen more often in women may be due to three factors: 1) women are typically shorter than men so as to cause them to be closer to the airbag module, 2) bone density in women commonly decreases with age, 3) women have smaller bone
21、s and subsequently lower bone strength. In October of 1995 the Mechanical Human Simulation Subcommittee of the SAE International (SAE) Human Biomechanics and Simulation Standards Committee (HBSSC) formed the Arm-Airbag Interaction Task Group. The Task Group was formed to investigate and develop a pr
22、actical measuring device for the study of arm injuries caused by airbags. In the Task Groups initial meeting it was agreed that the primary focus of the group should be arm interaction with current driver-passenger airbags, and future side impact airbags. This focus would entail: the review of highw
23、ay data, and the development of an instrumented mechanical arm surrogate with appropriate testing procedures. Since 1995 the group, together with Robert A. Denton, Inc., has worked diligently to produce a device that answers the performance criteria determined to be necessary to effectively measure
24、injury in the given area of interest. The current arm configuration combines many of the original ideas and concepts of the Task Group. While some of the initial ideas have not yet been incorporated, either due to compromise, impracticality or time constraints, the current arm is a usable and highly
25、 effective tool for measuring arm injury. Further details regarding use of the Instrumented Arm can be found in: ISO Technical Report (TR) number 15827. Future modifications will include: a low-profile elbow potentiometer to reduce metal-to-metal contact in rigid wall testing and an improved SID-IIs
26、 upper arm flesh to better fit at the shoulder joint attachment. The complete arm is currently used on the SID-IIs side-impact dummy and the Hybrid III 5thpercentile Small Female (HIII-5F) dummy. It can be used on either the left or right side making this arm a viable product in nearly any crash sit
27、uation, anywhere in the world, where arm injury measurement is desired. 1. SCOPE This users manual covers the instrumented arm for the Hybrid III 5th Percentile Small Female dummy as well as the SID IIs dummy. It is intended for technicians and engineers who have an interest in assessing arm injury
28、from the use of frontal and side impact airbags. It covers the construction, disassembly and reassembly, available instrumentation, and segment masses. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise
29、 indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2855 OCT2017 Page 4 of 26 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.o
30、rg. General Specifications Kuppa, S., Olson, M., Yeiser, C., Taylor, L. et al., “RAID - An Investigative Tool to Study Air Bag/Upper Extremity Interactions,“ SAE Technical Paper 970399, 1997, https:/doi.org/10.4271/970399. SAE J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 1 - Electronic Instrumentat
31、ion SAE J1733 Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash Testing SAE J2862 Users Manual for the Small Adult Female Hybrid III Test Dummy 2.1.2 ISO Publications ISO Technical Report (TR) number 15827, Road vehicles Test procedures Evaluating small female dummy arm and forearm interactions with driver frontal
32、airbags and side airbags Figure 1 - Air bag interaction arm (HIII-5F left arm shown) 2.2 Instrumentation The Instrumented Arm supports the use of: Two (2) Model 3780 Six-channel Load Cells; measuring: Fx, Fy, Fz, Mx, My, Mz in the Upper and Lower arm sections. One (1) Model 3781 Two-channel Load Cel
33、ls; measuring: Mx, My at the Elbow Joint. One (1) Model 4077 Rotary Potentiometer; measuring Elbow rotation. Six (6) Uniaxial Accelerometers; *measuring X, Y, and Z at the Elbow and Wrist joints. (SA572-S4 accelerometers) *Accelerometers not included with Arm. Twenty-one (21) Total possible data acq
34、uisition channels. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2855 OCT2017 Page 5 of 26 2.3 Weights The Arm weights: (including flesh components) Table 1 - Arm masses H3-5F SID-II s Upper Arm 1.30 kg (2.87 pounds) 1.26 kg (2.78 pounds) Lower Arm 1.21 kg (2.67 pounds) Hand 0.31 kg (0.68 pounds) Total 2.82 kg (6.21 pounds) 2
35、.78 kg (6.13 pounds) The difference between the weight of the Hybrid III 5thSmall Female (HIII-5F) arm and the SID-IIs is in the shoulder joint. The SID-IIs uses a lighter weight Z - Pivot (left: 3985-1; right: 3985-2) than the HIII-5F (left: 3993-1; right: 3993-2). Other than the Pivot and the Uppe
36、r Arm Flesh, the Arm can be used on either dummy type. 2.4 Range of Motion The design limits for the Range of Motion: Table 2 - Range of motion limits Bumper Contact Forced Range Metal-to-Metal (w/o Bumper) Shoulder Lateral Rotation 37 43 53 Shoulder Medial Rotation 111 117 127 Elbow Flexion 135 141
37、 147 Elbow Extension -4.5* 0 3.5 Wrist Supination 100 105 108 Wrist Pronation 100 105 108 Wrist Flexion 27 31 34 Wrist Extension 31 61 64 * Negative number for Elbow Extension Bumper Contact means that the Arm is actually flexed 4.5 when it contacts the Extension Bumper. 2.5 About the Manual This ma
38、nual has been put together to help the technician use and maintain the Instrumented Arm package. While all instructions are set forth in a “step-by-step” manner, it is also an excellent reference guide to order parts and recall key information about specific areas of the Arms assembly/disassembly an
39、d operation. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2855 OCT2017 Page 6 of 26 Figure 2 - Model J3525 air bag interactive arm assembly 3. DISASSEMBLY OF ARM REMOVAL FROM ATD The only tools necessary to completely disassemble the Arm is a full set of hex wrenches; sizes 0.050” through 7/32” and a small tipped Phillips sc
40、rewdriver. To begin the procedure the Arm must first be removed from the dummy (see Figure 3). To remove the Arm from the HIII-5F takeout the 3/8 x 1” SHSS (see Appendix A for screw head style abbreviations) pivot bolt located at the shoulder-arm joint. With the pivot bolt removed the arm can be pul
41、led away from the assembly. Watch for the pivot and compression washers and the pivot nut, they often fall out of the joint when the arm is removed. To remove the Arm from the SID-IIs takeout the 1/4 x 1-1/4 SHSS from the shoulder-arm joint. NOTE: During re-assembly of the SID-IIs Arm the user may n
42、otice interference between the Bushings and the Shoulder Clevis. This may cause some difficulty in assembly, however the user should be able to insert the Arm. While the shoulder-arm joint is disassembled be sure to inspect the components. The washers are frequently damaged from improper installatio
43、n. If the washers are damaged the friction adjustment for this joint may be affected. Replace all damaged parts. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2855 OCT2017 Page 7 of 26 Figure 3 - Arm removal 3.1 Instrumentation Cables Due to the large number of transducers in a relatively small area, cable paths and strain re
44、lief are an important issue. The Arm flesh, both Upper and Lower Arm, has cable guide channels to ensure that the cables are protected in each section of the Arm. Before completing the positioning of all the transducer cables, it is a good idea to mark each cable, connector end, so as to be able to
45、easily determine which cable belongs to each transducer. Figure 4 - Cable Routing SAE INTERNATIONAL J2855 OCT2017 Page 8 of 26 As shown in the Assembly drawings, included at the end the manual, all three of the accelerometer cables are routed through the cable guide located just below the Lower Arm
46、load cell. These cables are then run through the Lower Arm flesh along the load cell toward the Elbow. On the Elbow Clevis there is a second cable guide to collect together the load cell and accelerometer cables. All five of these cables are then routed toward the Elbow and out of the Arm assembly t
47、hrough the cable access hole at the Elbow. The cables should be brought out of the Arm toward the inboard, the side closest to the Upper Torso, of the Arm assembly. All the Lower Arm cables, including the Potentiometer cable, are then secured under the vinyl flap on the inside surface of the Upper A
48、rm. The three-accelerometer cables for the Upper Arm are passed along the Upper Arm load cell toward the Upper Arm Pivot. All cables must be positioned toward the inside of the Arm. Once all the cables are properly routed along the inside of the Arm, toward the Upper Torso, and brought together at t
49、he top of the Arm Pivot they can be “bundled” together. With all the cables bundled in one group it is easier to manage their connection to the data acquisition system. As a final check, be sure that the cables are free to move with the Arm. If improperly positioned the cables can hinder Arm motion or be damaged during testing. Leave enough
