1、 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD Automotive Ductile Iron Castings for High Temperature Applications SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicabil
2、ity and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and sugge
3、stions. Copyright 2004 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE
4、A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: custsvcsae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Issued 2001-12 Revised 2004-06 Superseding J2562 DEC2001 J2582 REV. JUN2004 1. Scope This SAE Standard covers the hardness, chemical
5、analysis and microstructural requirements for ductile iron castings intended for high temperature service in automotive and allied industries. Commonly known as SiMo ductile iron, typical applications are in piston-engine exhaust manifolds and turbocharger parts. Castings may be specified in the as-
6、cast or heat treated condition. For design purposes, the Appendix provides general information on the application of high temperature ductile iron castings, their processing conditions, chemical composition, mechanical properties and microstructure. 2. References 2.1 Applicable Publications The foll
7、owing publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONS Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J417Hardness Tests and Hardness Number
8、Conversions SAE J434Automotive Ductile (Nodular) Iron Castings 2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONS Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. ASTM A 247Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Iron Castings ASTM A 439Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings ASTM A
9、536Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings ASTM E 10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Material ASTM E 351Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron - All Types ASTM E 1999Analysis of Cast Iron by Optical Emission Spectrometry SAE J2582 Revised JUN2004 - 2 - 2.2 Related Publications The follo
10、wing publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document. 2.2.1 SAE PUBLICATION Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. SAE J2515High Temperature Materials for Exhaust Manifolds See especially the comprehensive bibliogra
11、phy therein. 2.2.2 ASM PUBLICATIONS Available from ATTN: MSC/Book Order, ASM International, PO Box 473, Novelty, OH 44072-9901. Metals Handbook, Vol. 1 ASM Specialty Handbook - Cast Irons, 1996. ASM International, Materials Park, OH 2.2.3 ASTM PUBLICATION Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
12、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. STP-455Gray, Ductile, and Malleable Iron Castings Current Capabilities 2.2.4 IRON CASTING PUBLICATION Iron Castings Handbook, 2nd edition, 1981. Iron Castings Society, Cleveland, OH. 2.2.5 OTHER PUBLICATIONS H.D. Angus; Cast Iron: Physical and Engineering Properties
13、, 2nd Ed. 1976. BCIRA, Birmingham, UK R. Eliott; Cast Iron Technology, 1988. Butterworth however, repairs shall be made only in those areas and by those methods agreed between the foundry and the purchaser. 9.3 Additional casting requirements, such as foundry identification, other casting informatio
14、n and special testing, may be agreed upon by the foundry and the purchaser. SAE J2582 Revised JUN2004 - 5 - 10. Notes 10.1 Marginal Indicia The change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issu
15、e of the report. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the report. PREPARED BY THE SAE IRON AND STEEL DIVISION 9AUTOMOTIVE IRON AND STEEL CASTINGS SAE J2582 Revised JUN2004 - 6 - APPENDIX A HIGH TEMPERATURE DUCTILE IRON (A MATERIAL DESCRIPTION NOT A PART OF
16、 THIS DOCUMENT) A.1 Definition and Classification High temperature ductile iron is a ductile (or nodular or spheroidal graphite) iron alloyed for applications where resistance to elevated temperature effects is an important material property. High temperature ductile iron castings may be used in the
17、 as-cast condition or, as agreed between the foundry and the purchaser, it may be heat treated. A.2 Hardness Many applications of high temperature ductile iron are in predominantly thin section (6 mm) castings for which the standard 10 mm ball/3000 kgf Brinell Hardness Test is inappropriate. Users o
18、f this document should consider carefully which alternative hardness test methods will be employed and at which point or points on the casting the hardness measurement will be made. A.3 Chemical Composition Other chemical elements of interest, not covered in Table 1 are shown in Table A1. The ranges
19、 are illustrative only and individual foundries will typically hold ranges significantly narrower than those indicated in Table A1. Other elements, notably copper, nickel, cerium and other rare earth metals, may also be present. TABLE A1TYPICAL COMPOSITION Element Typical ranges, % Carbon13.00 - 3.8
20、0 Manganese 0.10 - 0.50 Phosphorus 0.050 max Sulfur 0.035 max Magnesium20.025 - 0.060 1. Carbon target will be determinded by section thickness of the casting 2. Cerium and other rare earth elements may be substituted for a portion of the magnesium. A more extensive discussion of ductile iron compos
21、ition can be found in the Appendix to SAE J434. A.4 Microstructure A.4.1 The microstructure of high temperature ductile iron consists of spheroidal graphite nodules in a matrix composed of ferrite and, in substantially lesser amounts, pearlite. The actual amount of pearlite present in a given castin
22、g section will depend upon the grade of material specified, the effective cooling rate experienced by that section, the details of the chemical composition and heat treatments, if any. SAE J2582 Revised JUN2004 - 7 - A.4.2 Depending on the grade of material chosen and other influences as described a
23、bove in A.4.1, minor amounts of carbide may be present at eutectic cell boundaries. These are often a complex mix of iron and molybdenum carbides which can be decomposed, completely or partially, by appropriate heat treatment. A.4.3 Where employed, other alloying elements may influence the relative
24、amounts of ferrite, pearlite and carbide present in the microstructure. A.4.4 Iron castings, especially those that have been heat treated, commonly exhibit a shallow (approximately 1 mm thick) surface zone or rim that differs in composition and microstructure from the underlying material. This zone
25、may be depleted in carbon content and may contain, depending on specific conditions, more (or less) pearlite than the bulk of the material. A.5 Mechanical Properties A.5.1 The mechanical properties expected in the various grades of high temperature ductile iron when poured into separate, standard te
26、st coupons (in accordance with ASTM A 536) are shown in Table A2. Test results obtained from sections cut from castings can be expected to vary, i.e., be greater or less, depending upon casting geometry and the actual cooling rate experienced by the section. TABLE A2TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Gra
27、de Hardness HB Tensile Strength MPa Tensile Strength ksi Yield StrengthMPa Yield Strength ksi % Elongation Youngs Modulus GPa YoungsModulusMpsi 1 187 - 241 450 65 275 40 8 152 22 2 187 - 241 485 70 380 55 6 152 22 3 197 - 269 515 75 415 60 4 152 22 A.5.2 Since properties vary with location in a give
28、n casting, the suitability of a particular material or grade in a given application is best determined by laboratory or service tests. A.6 Typical Applications A.6.1 High temperature ductile iron fills a niche between general-purpose ductile irons, as in SAE J434 and heavily-alloyed austenitic ducti
29、le iron, ASTM A 439. Applications include exhaust manifolds, turbocharger parts and other castings where a modest resistance to elevated temperature is required. A.6.2 For the most part, resistance to high temperature effects, i.e., scaling, growth and heat-checking, is conferred by the presence of
30、elevated levels of silicon and molybdenum. So as a general rule, Grade 1 will be specified for the least demanding applications, Grade 3 for the most demanding and Grade 2 for intermediate ones. SAE J2582 Revised JUN2004 Rationale The recommended Carbon range in the appendix was revised to meet a wi
31、de variety of casting section thicknesses. Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard Not applicable. Application This SAE Standard covers the hardness, chemical analysis and microstructural requirements for ductile iron castings intended for high temperature service in automotive and allied indus
32、tries. Commonly known as SiMo ductile iron, typical applications are in piston-engine exhaust manifolds and turbocharger parts. Castings may be specified in the as-cast or heat treated condition. For design purposes, the Appendix provides general information on the application of high temperature du
33、ctile iron castings, their processing conditions, chemical composition, mechanical properties and microstructure. Reference Section SAE J417Hardness Tests and Hardness Number Conversions SAE J434Automotive Ductile (Nodular) Iron Castings SAE J2515High Temperature Materials for Exhaust Manifolds See
34、especially the comprehensive bibliography therein. ASTM A 247Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of Graphite in Iron Castings ASTM A 439Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings ASTM A 536Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings ASTM E 10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Material
35、 ASTM E 351Chemical Analysis of Cast Iron - All Types ASTM E 1999Analysis of Cast Iron by Optical Emission Spectrometry ASTM STP-455Gray, Ductile, and Malleable Iron Castings Current Capabilities Metals Handbook, Vol. 1 ASM Specialty Handbook - Cast Irons, 1996. ASM International, Materials Park, OH
36、 Iron Castings Handbook, 2nd edition, 1981. Iron Castings Society, Cleveland, OH. SAE J2582 Revised JUN2004 H.D. Angus; Cast Iron: Physical and Engineering Properties, 2nd Ed. 1976. BCIRA, Birmingham, UK R. Eliott; Cast Iron Technology, 1988. Butterworth & Co., London, UK Data Handbook for Ductile Cast Irons, 1997. Castings Development Centre, Sheffield, UK Developed by the SAE Iron and Steel Division 9Automotive Iron and Steel Castings Sponsored by the SAE Iron and Steel Technical Committee
