1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2003 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
3、reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-
4、776-0790Email: custsvcsae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLEDRAFTTECHNICALREPORTJ2554ISSUEDAPR2003Issued 2003-04Engine Intake Air Water Separation Test ProcedureForewordThe purpose of this Draft Technical Report is to give the technical community the opportunity to review,comment on
5、, and use the Draft Technical Report prior to its final approval by SAE. This Draft Technical Report represents the current thinking of the sponsoring Technical Committee. The use ofthis report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patenti
6、nfringements arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user. Comments on this Draft are welcome and should be submitted in writing to Secretary, Technical Standards Board,SAE Headquarters, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.1. ScopeThis water separation section has been establis
7、hed to cover heavy-duty engine intake filter systems.It may also be applicable to some automotive and industrial air inlet systems where water separation is anissue.1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this document is to establish and specify uniform testing procedures, conditions,equipment and guidelines, to
8、 permit a general evaluation of the water separation performance of engine intakesystems.The performance and reliability of internal combustion engines and other equipment employing intake airfiltration or separation systems, is affected by the performance of the intake system in removing contaminan
9、tsincluding water from the intake airflow. Water vapor or pure liquid in small quantities is not generallyconsidered detrimental to an engine. Water vapor or liquid in sufficient quantities however, can reduce thequality and reliability of the intake filtration system in at least two ways. First, it
10、 can cause the pressure drop toincrease across the filter. This increases the restriction to the engine and may reduce filter life or capacity.Secondly, water in sufficient quantities can facilitate the passing of fine particles in suspension and salt andother contaminants in solution, through the f
11、ilter. Once on the clean side of the filter, the contaminationparticles, precipitates, or consequential corrosion residue are able to enter the engine and cause damage tothe engine and engine management systems.Experience has shown that systems, which perform on the order of 80% or higher efficiency
12、, as measured bythis procedure, will usually avoid water ingestion problems.It is therefore desirable to provide a procedure for uniformly evaluating the effectiveness of intake systems inseparating or otherwise removing water from the intake system.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under
13、license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2554 Issued APR2003-2-Actual field conditions will vary widely, and are difficult to duplicate. The intent of this procedure is to specifythe most important variables involved, which will promote un
14、iform laboratory evaluation and comparison of thewater separation performance of intake filter systems and components. 2. ReferencesThe following publications provide ancillary information regarding additional test procedures andrecommended practices for the filter systems included in the scope of t
15、his document. These documentsprovide guidelines and requirements for air cleaner testing that shall apply to this water separation testprocedure. This information includes environmental condition requirements and airflow and pressure dropmeasurement corrections and requirements.2.1 Applicable Public
16、ationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest version of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J/ISO 5011Inlet air cleaning
17、 equipment for internal combustion engines and compressorsPerformance testing2.2 Related PublicationsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not arequired part of this specification.2.2.1 ISO P UBLICATIONAvailable from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 100
18、36-8002.ISO TS 11155-1Road vehiclesAir filters for passenger compartment3. Additional EquipmentA typical test arrangement is shown in Figure 1. Test setups described in Figures 14,17, and 24 of SAE J/ISO 5011 also generally apply, with the replacement of the dust feed system by a waterfeed and colle
19、ction system. In addition to the airflow test equipment required in SAE J/ISO 5011, the followingtest equipment is required to conduct water separation tests.3.1 Water Feed SystemThe water feed system shall consist of a pump or other means of supplying water at acontrolled flow and/or pressure, to t
20、he spray nozzle(s).3.2 Water Collection SystemA system of collection containers, and/or other means shall be provided toquantify the water separated by the inlet system under test. For most tests, the water collection system willconsist of containers placed at all locations where collected or separa
21、ted water is drained or removed. Thiswill vary with the design of the system under test. Scavenged air cleaner or precleaner systems will requiremore elaborate means of collecting the separated water.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or n
22、etworking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2554 Issued APR2003-3-FIGURE 1WATER SEPARATION EFFICIENCY TEST SETUP3.3 Water Injection Spray NozzlesWater injection is accomplished with a spray nozzle system. Test resultswill be sensitive to the droplet size distribution produced by the spray no
23、zzle. Droplet sizes generated arecontrolled by the nozzle design and operating parameters (e.g., air and/or water supply pressure). For directcomparison, the same spray nozzle(s) and pressure conditions should be used. Rain droplets can generallyrange in size from 0.05 to 5 mm in diameter. Road spra
24、y from other vehicles, or fog conditions, can expanddroplet size range both smaller and larger. Since a wide range of conditions exists, there may be interest inwater separation performance at various conditions for various applications. Droplet sizes for most frequentlyencountered conditions are li
25、sted below in Table 1. Instrumentation for the precise measurement and controlof water droplet size is not readily available. Nozzle manufacturers can usually provide general droplet sizeinformation at specific operating conditions of flow and pressure. Nozzle wear, corrosion, or buildup of minerald
26、eposits can alter nozzle performance. It should be recognized that inspection, maintenance and replacementof nozzles or affected parts is necessary. Spray patterns and nozzle position relative to the inlet should beguided by a preference toward attempting to cover as much of the inlet area with chal
27、lenge spray as possible.It is recognized that inlet locations vary widely on vehicles, and depending on wind and vehicle speed anddirections, it may be desirable to run tests with the spray nozzle oriented in directions other than being alignedwith an extension of the inlet. It has been suggested th
28、at an array of nozzle positions might be used to simulatea range of operating conditions. Multiple nozzles may be used for better coverage, if total flow rate and waterdroplet size effects are considered and accounted for. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for Res
29、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2554 Issued APR2003-4-4. Measurement AccuracyMeasurement accuracy specified in section 4 of ISO DIS 5011, shall apply with thefollowing additions.4.1 Measure water flow rate within 5% of the actual value.4.2 Measure spray noz
30、zle pressures within 1 kPa.4.3 Measure weight of water, fed or separated and collected, to within 1 g. 5. Test Conditions and Materials5.1 Water used for testing, should have minimal mineral content to reduce maintenance and variation inperformance of the spray nozzle. Water temperature shall be mai
31、ntained within 2 C of the temperature ofthe air entering the test system.5.2 Temperature and HumidityThis procedure currently does not attempt to account for water evaporation.Since evaporation of water entering the system under test will have an effect on results, the temperature andhumidity of the
32、 test airflow should be maintained for consistent results. All tests shall be conducted with the airentering the air cleaner or separator system at a temperature of 23 C 5 C and a relative humidity of 55%15%. This condition should be understood to prevail only before water injection spray is begun,
33、or in theambient airstream before mixing with the water spray.6. Test ProcedureThe intent and scope of this procedure, is primarily to evaluate inertial separation, andcoalescing devices in the inlet ductwork or filter housing entrance. Therefore most testing would be conductedwith a clean filter el
34、ement. Other variations of this procedure where a field element or dust and water feedingmight be done are briefly described in item 6.14.6.1 Set up the air cleaner intake system as shown in Figure 1.6.2 Adjust the water feed system to deliver a feed rate to the nozzle of (a) 500 ml/min for airflows
35、 up to andincluding 2540 m 3/h, or (b) 1000 ml/min for airflows above 2540 m3/h.6.3 Adjust the airflow through the test system to the desired rate. (Tests may be run at several flow rates toestablish performance at less than system rated airflow).6.4 With the system running, adjust the placement of
36、the injection nozzle relative to the inlet so that the waterspray covers as much of the inlet cross section as possible without over spray. Inlets which have long narrowcross sections should be tested with the nozzle placed at a variety of locations to determine potential sensitivityto spray inlet l
37、ocation. Multiple nozzles, or nozzles with accommodating spray patterns may be used to coverthe area, if care is taken to insure that the droplet size generated is within the recommended range.6.5 For applications where overspray is desirable to approximate actual field condition, the overspray need
38、s to becollected and subtracted from the amount fed before calculating the water separation efficiency.6.6 Place adequate containers at all locations where collected or separated water is to be removed. This will varywith the design of the system under test. Scavenged systems will require a secondar
39、y water removal system.TABLE 1WATER DROPLET SIZECONDITION DROPLET SIZE RANGEFog and Mist 2 - 100 micrometersDrizzle and Rain 100 - 10 000 micrometersCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE
40、J2554 Issued APR2003-5-6.7 Condition the test system by feeding water at the recommended feed rate specified in 6.2, until a quantity ofwater in grams equal to 2 times the test airflow in m 3/h has been fed. Empty all containers which will be usedto collect separated water before beginning the effic
41、iency test.6.8 Begin the efficiency test by injecting water at the recommended flow rate until at least 4000 g of water hasbeen fed.6.9 After a minimum 4000 grams of water has been fed, stop the water injection. Let the system run for at least30 seconds, and even longer if water is still being drain
42、ed at the collection locations, before shutting down theflow. After terminating the airflow, allow another 30 seconds or more for complete drainage. Determine theamount of water fed and the amount separated by the system under test.6.10 A qualitative indication regarding the adequacy of the water se
43、paration performance can be obtained at thispoint in the test, by inspecting the air cleaner filter element and housing for evidence of water.6.11 Determine and record the water separation efficiency:(Eq. 1)6.12 Test should be repeated several times until repeatability is demonstrated at each set of
44、 airflow and waterinjection conditions. Variability in efficiency may indicate more conditioning of the system per 6.7 is required.6.13 Test data shall include the airflow, water feed rate, spray nozzle model and manufacturer, number of nozzlesused, water and air pressures, orifice size, water dropl
45、et size, number of test runs and water separationefficiency.6.14 There are other variations of water separation testing that have been suggested. The objective of these tests istypically to evaluate the water ingestion sensitivity of an intake system (including filter element). This type oftest typi
46、cally involves logging the restriction level at the air cleaner outlet over time, while feeding water spraydroplets. This might be done before and/or after feeding air cleaner test dust, or it might be done on a field-loaded element. Relative performance is evaluated by the sensitivity to water inge
47、stion, measured by thedegree of rise and subsequent recovery of restriction levels as the feed water is initiated and halted.PREPARED BY THE SAE AIR CLEANER TEST CODE COMMITTEEEfficiency, %Weight of water collected andremoved by the separator systemweight of water fed to the system- 100=Copyright SA
48、E International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J2554 Issued APR2003RationaleNot applicable.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot applicable.ApplicationThe purpose of this document is to establish an
49、d specify uniform testing procedures, conditions,equipment and guidelines, to permit a general evaluation of the water separation performance of engineintake systems.Reference SectionSAE J/ISO 5011Inlet air cleaning equipment for internal combustion engines and compressorsPerformance testingISO TS 11155-1Road vehiclesAir filters for passenger compartmentDeveloped by the SAE Ai
