1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.s
3、ae.orgCopyright 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ2512ISSUEDAUG1999Issued 1999-08Towing Equipment Ratings and Pra
4、ctices1. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice applies to all trucks that are equipped with armlift bodies, carrierbodies, wheel lift bodies, wrecker, and underlift bodies. Additional rating methods are provided for tow slings,truck hitches, and chain assemblies.1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this document
5、is to establish guidelines for rating towing and recovery equipmentand carriers. It is applicable to all towing and recovery equipment manufacturers.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise in
6、dicated, the latest version of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J115Safety SignsSAE J201In-Service Brake Performance Test Procedure Passenger-Car and Light-Duty TruckSAE J179LabelingDisc Wheel and Demountable
7、 RimsTrucksSAE J254Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust Gas Emissions MeasurementSAE J274Rated Suspension Spring CapacitySAE J284Safety Alert Symbol for Agricultural, Construction, and Industrial EquipmentSAE J670Vehicle Dynamics TerminologySAE J687cNomenclatureTruck, Bus, TrailerSAE J706Ratin
8、g of WinchesSAE J743Lift Capacity Calculation and Test ProcedurePipelayer and SideboomSAE J853Vehicle Identification NumbersSAE J959Lifting Crane, Wire-Rope Strength FactorsSAE J1085Test for Dynamic Properties of Elastomeric IsolatorsSAE J1213-2Glossary of Reliability Terminology Associated with Aut
9、omotive ElectronicsSAE J1229Truck Identification TerminologySAE J1404Service Brake Structural Integrity RequirementsVehicles Over 10 000 lb (4500 kg) GVWRSAEJ1451A Dictionary of Terms for the Dynamics and Handling of Single Track Vehicles (Motorcycles,Mopeds, and Bicycles)SAE J1473Brake PerformanceR
10、ubber-Tired Earthmoving MachinesCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2512 Issued AUG1999-2-2.1.2 FMVSS PUBLICATIONSAvailable from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office,Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9320.FMVSS
11、393.70(3)Federal Motor Carrier Safety RegulationsCoupling Devices and Towing Methods,Except for Drive-a-way-tow-a-way OperationsFMVSS 393.102(b)Tiedown AssembliesFMVSS 393.106Front End Structures2.1.3 TEMA PUBLICATIONSAvailable from National Truck Equipment Association, an Industry Division of theNa
12、tional Truck Equipment Association, 37400 Hills Tech Drive, Farmington Hills, MI 48331.TRP100Recommended Practices for towing and Recovery equipment (Nov, 1989)TRP 101Glossary (July, 1988)2.1.4 PUBLIC LAWPublic Law 89-5633. Definitions3.1 Above Cab CarrierA platform above the cab, which may be in a
13、fixed or hydraulically adjustable position,for transporting vehicles.3.2 Aero-SkirtingAero-designed panels attached to lower side, or surrounding the lower side of the vehicle.See Air Dam, Fascia, Valence, and Cladding.3.3 Air DamFlexible air deflecting panel usually located below radiator support.3
14、.4 Air ResistanceA measure of the “drag” on a vehicle moving through air. Air resistance increases as asquare of the speed; thus power requirements increase much faster than vehicle speed.3.5 Ambient TemperatureThe temperature of the environment that surrounds the test specimen. (See SAEJ1085.)3.6 A
15、nchoring DeviceUsed to attach cable ends, snatch blocks, safety chains, and tie-down assemblies to thetowing vehicle.3.7 Approach AngleAngle between the plane of the platform and the ground.3.8 Auxiliary Braking DeviceA device which attaches to the disabled vehicle to assist the tow trucks brakes in
16、retarding or stopping both vehicles.3.9 Auxiliary EquipmentEquipment that is not necessary to perform the basic function of the primaryequipment.3.10 Auxiliary Fuel TanksFuel tanks installed in addition to the standard equipment tank.3.11 Auxiliary Towing LightsStop, tail, and turn signal lights att
17、ached to the trailing end of the towed vehicle andoperated as part of the towing vehicle lighting system.3.12 Axle CoversDevice used to cover drive axle shaft openings to eliminate contamination or loss of wheelbearing lubrication during transporting operations.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engine
18、ers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2512 Issued AUG1999-3-3.13 Axle (Dead)A dead axle is merely a means of support for the wheels at each end. This is contrasted to a“live” axle, which is connected to the wheels and rotates with the wheels.3.14 Axle (Drive)Axle designed to support
19、 a portion of the vehicle weight and to transmit a driving force to thewheels. (See SAE J687c.)3.15 Axle (Tandem)Any group of two or more axles, any of which may be powered, and/or steering, and whichare attached one behind the other to the same vehicle and associated through a mechanism designed to
20、provide a specific relationship between loading. (See SAE J687c.)3.16 BA (Bumper to Axle)The distance from the foremost point on the front bumper to the centerline of the frontaxle. See Chassis Manufacturers dimensions.3.17 BaffleA plate or shield used for deflecting, checking, or regulating the flo
21、w of liquids, gases, or air.3.18 BarrelA cylindrical component of the hydraulic cylinder (piston chamber).3.19 BatteryA DC voltage source which converts chemical, nuclear, thermal, or solar energy into electricalenergy. (See SAE J1213.)3.20 BBC (Bumper to Back of Cab)The distance from the foremost p
22、oint on the front bumper to the back of thecab. See Chassis Manufacturers Dimensions.3.21 Bending MomentThe force times the distance from a reference point to the point the force is appliedcausing bending.3.22 BHPBrake Horsepower.3.23 BodyThe structure mounted on a chassis cab or that portion of the
23、 vehicle that carries the load.3.24 Body HingeThe attachment mechanism connecting the body to the hinge pin at the pivot axis about whichthe body rotates into the tilt position.3.25 Body SubframeAnother term for body understructure or mounting subframe.3.26 Body UnderstructureCrossmembers and longit
24、udinal members under body floor.3.27 Body WeightUnmounted weight of body with applicable options.3.28 Bogie AxleSee Tandem Axle.3.29 BolstersThe transverse members that are used to define the horizontal support for the diagonal braces of avertical mast.3.30 BoomThe Structural member that supports th
25、e load. (See SAE J743.)3.31 Boom AngleThe boom angle is measured between a horizontal line and a line through the boom pivot andthe center of the sheave.3.32 Boom HeadThe structural member at one end of the boom which can swivel and support the load liftedthrough the sheave and sheave support device
26、.3.33 Brake, EngineThe engines compression pressure is used for retarding the truck.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2512 Issued AUG1999-4-3.34 BrakesParkingA system used to hold a stopped machine in a stationary position. (See SAE J1473.)3
27、.35 BrakesServiceThe primary brake system used for retarding and stopping the truck. (See SAE J404 andSAE J201.)3.36 BridleA V or Y type coupling device used to attach and center a cable in recovery, loading, and unloadingoperations.3.37 Bumper SystemsA system, the primary function of which is to pr
28、ovide protection against damage affectingthe performance of front and rear external lamps and other components during low-speed impacts, as invehicle parking maneuvers.3.38 CA (Cab to Axle)The distance from the back of the truck cab to the center of the rear axle. See ChassisManufacturers Dimensions
29、.3.39 CabThe driver/passenger carrying compartment.3.40 Cab ProtectorReference to Federal Highway Administration Title 49, Section 393.106.3.41 Cab Control LevelsControl handles to engage power takeoff and hydraulic valve, usually located in truckcab convenient to drivers hand.3.42 CableSteel wire r
30、ope used for pulling or support.3.43 CamberThe inclination of the wheel plane to the vertical. It is considered positive when the wheel leansoutward at the top and negative when it leans inward. (See SAE J670.)3.44 Car CarrierVehicles equipped to transport other vehicles mounted on a flat platform a
31、nd/or with anadditional assembly attached to the rear to facilitate towing a second vehicle. These units are also known asslidebacks, rollbacks, transporting equipment carriers and flatbeds. See Carrier.3.45 CG (Center of Gravity)If the vehicle is supported at this point, it will not rotate due to t
32、he force of gravity.(See SAE J1451.)3.46 CarrierA platform body with a winch for loading.3.47 CasterThe angle in side elevation between the steering axis and the vertical. It is considered positive whenthe steering axis is inclined rearward (in the upward direction) and negative when the steering ax
33、is is inclinedforward. (See SAE J670.)3.48 Certification LabelRequired by Public Law 89-563, which states that a motor vehicle or item of motorvehicle equipment complies with all applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) in effect onthe date of manufacture.3.49 Chassis CabA vehicle c
34、onsisting of a chassis on which is mounted a cab; capable of being driven by theaddition of wheels or other items of running gear, but lacking a body or load-carrying structure.3.50 CladdingSee Aero-Skirting.3.51 Classification of Trucks by Ground ContactTrucks are classified by the number of wheels
35、 and thenumber of driving wheels. If a truck is designated as a 4 x 2, it has four wheels and two driving wheels. A 4 x4 truck has four wheels and four driving wheels. A 6 x 4 truck has six wheels and four driving wheels. Wheelsare considered a unit whether they have single or dual tires.COPYRIGHT S
36、ociety of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2512 Issued AUG1999-5-3.52 ClawsSee Wheel Arm.3.53 COE (Cab over Engine)Cab design where driver is actually as far forward as possible. Engine directlyunder cab.3.54 Completed VehicleA vehicle that requires no further
37、manufacturing operations to perform its intendedfunction, other than minor finishing operations such as painting.3.55 Control LeverA device for imparting motion into control linkage.3.56 CrossbarSee Lift Bar.3.57 Cross-MembersGeneral term applied to transverse members in the understructure.3.58 Curb
38、 WeightThe weight of a vehicle in operational status, with all standard and commonly installedequipment and the gas tank filled to capacity. (See SAE J254.)3.59 CylinderA complete hydraulic cylinder assembly.3.60 Cylinder BaseEnd of hydraulic cylinder opposite to header or rod end.3.61 Cylinder Head
39、End of a hydraulic cylinder through which the piston rod extends. Also called header.3.62 Damage ResistanceIncreases in resistance due to damage to the load. See Resistance.3.63 DedicatedWrecker or underlift as separate independent devices.3.64 DeflectorSee Snatch Block.3.65 D-RingSee Anchoring Devi
40、ce.3.66 Disabled VehicleAny vehicle that cannot operate under its own power.3.67 DisplacementVolume of oil required to extend piston rod through its working stroke. Product of multiplyingthe area times the length of stroke usually measured in cubic inches.3.68 Diverter ValveAuxiliary valve to provid
41、e hydraulic power from the hydraulic pump by switching the oil flowfrom its usual passageways into additional pieces of equipment such as snow plows or other lifting cylinders.Also called diversion or selector valve.3.69 DollyA four-wheeled carriage used in towing to support the trailing end of the
42、towed vehicle.3.70 Dolly TowingProcedure used to support wheels, not supported by sling or wheel-lift towing equipment thatshould not touch road surface as damage to driveline may result.3.71 DOT (Department of Transportation)A federal agency dealing with regulations concerning both themanufacture a
43、nd operation of motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment. See NHTSA.3.72 DrivelineThe driveshaft and associated joints.3.73 DrivetrainCombination of a specific transmission (make, model, size, type), a specific differential assembly(make, model, size, type), and a specific driveline, if required.3
44、.74 Dynamic ApplicationReference to rating specifications.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2512 Issued AUG1999-6-3.75 Electrical PowerDerived from energy produced by electricity. See Power.3.76 Equipment CarrierSee Car Carrier.3.77 Extensio
45、n CylinderReference to Slide Back Extension Cylinder.3.78 FasciaFlexible material commonly used as a bumper cover (could extend below bumper).3.79 FC (Frame to Cab)Distance from the top of the frame rail to the top of the cab.3.80 Final Stage ManufacturerA person, firm, or corporation who performs s
46、uch manufacturing operations onan incomplete vehicle that it becomes a completed (end-user) vehicle. (See SAE J1229.)3.81 FMVSS (Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard)Regulations promulgated by NHTSA under Public Law89-563, which are mandatory and must be complied with when motor vehicles or items o
47、f motor vehicleequipment are manufactured and certified thereto.3.82 Frame CutoffCenterline of rear axle(s) to the rearmost point of the chassis frame as modified for bodyinstallation.3.83 Frame LiftSee Underlift.3.84 Free SpoolThe operation of unspooling wire rope from a drum by pulling on the end
48、of the rope while thewinch is stationary. The drum is disconnected (declutched) from its powertrain during this operation.3.85 ForksA device attached to the lift bar for lifting a vehicle by the tires, axle, frame, or structural member. Maybe classified as chain, axle, or frame forks.3.86 Full DrumA
49、 drum containing the maximum permissible number of layers of cable as defined in SAE J706,paragraph 3.5.)3.87 FW (Frame Width)Overall width of the chassis frame measured outside-to-outside.3.88 GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating)The value specified by the manufacturer as the load-carrying capacityof a single-axle system as measured at the tire-roadway interface. (See SAE J1451.)3.89 GCWR (Gross Combination Weight Rating)Represents the entire weight of a vehicle on t
