1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2495_201102SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDJ2495 FEB2011 Issued 1999-04 Stabilized 2011-02 Superseding J
5、2495 SEP2008 Thermal Containment Efficiency of Sleeve Materials RATIONALE The technical report covers technology, products, or processes which are mature and not likely to change in the foreseeable future. STABILIZED NOTICE This document has been declared “Stabilized“ by the SAE Harness Covering Sta
6、ndards Committee and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability of technical requirements. Newer technology may exist. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reprod
7、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2495 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 2 of 12 1. ScopeThis SAE Standard measures the percent thermal efficiency of materials in sleeve form used tocontain heat or insulate around a hot component. The percent thermal efficiency (%TE) is determin
8、ed bymeasuring the power difference expended by the heat source (cartridge heater) with and without the testsleeve at the specified temperature. See SAE J2302 to measure radiant heat flow of sleeves.1.1 SafetyThis method may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does n
9、otaddress the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document toconsult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.2 LimitationsThe temperature measurement range of this
10、procedure is 260 C to 700 C. Sleeve size islimited to 19 mm 2 mm ID and 280 to 300 mm long. This procedure is performed under static (passive) airflow with no vibration. Do not adapt the temperature sequencing as a thermal cycle.1.3 This test method is based on SI units per IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.4 Note
11、to UsersUse the appropriate alpha-numeric codes to specify temperature condition (Table 1),sequence (Table 2), smoke generation option (see 6.3.2) and auxiliary thermocouple location(s) (position anddistance) when referencing this document. For example, a line code of B(2)P(12)D(10,23) after the SAE
12、document number means: Heating to a step sequence (B2), first at 260 C, then 427 C measuring power.The auxiliary thermocouple position (P) is at 12 oclock, on the sleeve surface in two locations, 100 mm and230 mm from the cartridge heater flange to the end. Bracket all numbers in parenthesis.2. Refe
13、rences2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest version of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J
14、2302Thermal Effectiveness of Sleeve Insulation2.1.2 IEEE/ASTMAvailable from American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.IEEE/ASTM SI 10-1997Standard for Use of the International System of Units (SI): The Modern MetricSystemCopyright SAE I
15、nternational Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2495 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 3 of 12 2.1.3 NBS PUBLICATIONNational Institute of Standards and Technology, U. S. Department of Commerce,Gaithersburg, MD 20899.NBS
16、 Circular 590Methods of Testing Thermocouples and Thermocouple Materials3. SummaryThis document describes the method and equipment for measuring the effectiveness of sleevesrequired to contain heat. The test also contains the option of monitoring smoke generation time at theconditions specified (see
17、 item 6.3.2). A base line is established first by exposing a 338 mm long x 16 mm OD,cartridge heater assembly (w. thermocouple) to the specified temperature. The controlling thermocouple ismounted at the midpoint and top surface of the cartridge heater. During the test, four power readings of thecar
18、tridge heater are recorded, one every 15 min after the tube reaches thermal equilibrium. After establishingthe base line power readings, the cartridge heater is sleeved with the thermocoupled protective material andtested again. The surface temperature of the sleeve is recorded. There is no need to
19、measure the cartridgesurface temperature, since the heater surface temperature is controlled by the source temperature setting. Atthe operators discretion, auxiliary thermocouples mounted at points along the sleeve surface monitoradditional sleeve temperatures. In both test sequences, measuring the
20、power expended by the heater, alongwith the heat source temperature and sleeve surface temperatures assures consistent and fair measure of thesleeves effectiveness. Only the ratio of power unsleeved less the power sleeved, divided by the unsleevedpower expressed as a percent, determines a sleeves th
21、ermal efficiency. A significant variation in these valuesrequires repetition of the test sequence.4. Significance and Use4.1 Data obtained by this method are applicable to the material under conditions of this test and are notnecessarily the same as those obtained in end use applications. The inform
22、ation permits comparison,selection, or qualification of commercially available sleeves where a level of proficiency is desired beyond shorttime quality control tests.4.2 The test set-up (see Figure 1) accommodates one test sleeve and relevant thermocouples. Indicate otherthermocouple positions and d
23、istances from the cartridge heater using item 6.3.3 protocol.FIGURE 1TEST SET-UP, TOP VIEWCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2495 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 4 of 12 4.3 Test conditions
24、 and requirements using a line code must follow the order of temperature, sequence, andthermocouple position designated by the numbers on a clock. See item 1.4. Bracket all numbers inparenthesis.4.3.1 TEMPERATURE AND SEQUENCE PROTOCOLList single or multiple test temperatures using the appropriateTab
25、le 1 condition letter. Condition A cannot use the sequence number 2 or 3 because it is the lowestspecified temperature. If a step sequence is desired with Condition A as the upper temperature, use the Zsuffix. Using a 2 or 3 test sequence after a B or C condition means the sequence follows the lower
26、temperatures in Table 1. Always use the Z suffix to indicate a departure from the Table 1 temperaturesequence. When using the Z suffix, indicate the preferred temperatures in degrees centigrade inparenthesis, separating the temperatures with a slash mark (/) - for example Z2 (100 C/121 C).4.3.2 POSI
27、TION PROTOCOLThe letter P, followed by the appropriate number in parenthesis, indicates thecircumferential clock position of the auxiliary thermocouple(s) on the surface of the cartridge heater and/orsleeve. If no specified position is stated, no measurement is made. Twelve is at the top surface wit
28、hnumbers proceeding clockwise as observed from the tip end (opposite the wires) of the cartridge heater.5. Equipment15.1 Hot BoxFabricated from non-conductive, fire resistant, thermal insulation board material2, 50 mm x 610 mmx 1220 mm, open at the top with nominal internal dimensions of 500 mm x 50
29、0 mm x 500 mm. Angle iron50 mm x 50 mm x 4 mm supports the box panels (6000 mm total). See detail drawing Figures 2A and 2B.FIGURE 2AHOT BOX1. All are single items, except as indicated.2. (McMaster Carr 93371K67 or equivalent meets the requirements.)Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under
30、license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2495 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 5 of 12 FIGURE 2BHOT BOX SIDE VIEW WITH CONTROLLER5.2 Fume HoodPer appropriate industry approved construction and performance.5.3 Cartridge HeaterUnit 338 mm long x 16
31、 mm OD, capable of reaching 760 C. The cartridge length from292 to 305 mm is heated. No heat zones are located from the sealed tip end to 13 mm toward the flangedbase and 38 mm from the lead wire entry point end toward the flange. The cartridge construction consists of aincoloy tube (sheath), inside
32、 is a wound nickel-chromium wire on a support core of magnesium oxidethermal insulation. The thermal heater output is 1000 to 1100 W, 240 VAC/4.1 A, with surface self-cleaningcapability for most applications.35.4 Temperature Controller1/4 DIN, digital indicating controller with an accuracy of 3 C up
33、 to 700 C. Autotuning based microprocessor for primary output. Four to Twenty mA output. Operating environment 0 C to65 C. Sensor input must accept type K thermocouple.4Supplies electrical current to heat cartridge.5.5 Electric Power Demand Analyzer5and Current Probe6Digital indicating analyzer with
34、 an accuracy of3 C up to 700 C. Auto tuning based microprocessor for primary output. Four to Twenty mA output.Operating environment 0 C to 65 C. Sensor input must accept type K thermocouple. Monitors voltage andcurrent, displays power used.5.6 Temperature RecorderComputer controlled data analyzer.7O
35、ptional manual data recorder with a digitalindicator.8Ten channel sensor input selector. Will accept type K thermocouple. Operating environment 0 Cto 55 C. Accuracy of 3 C up to 700 C.3. Power Modules Inc., cartridge heater 4960921-E or 4960811 or equivalent, meets the requirements.4. Watlow Series
36、945-1FA1-A000, 965 and 93 or equivalent, meets the requirements.INCOLOGY is a trademark of International Nickel5. Dranetz Model 808 Power Analyzeror equivalent, meets the requirements.6. Dranetz Current Probe, Model TR2012A or equivalent, meets the requirements.7. Fluke Hydra Data Logger 2625A or eq
37、uivalent, meets the requirements.8. Watlow #8D45-0080-0-600 or equivalent, meets the requirements.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2495 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 6 of 12 5.7 Type K
38、Thermocouple (Wire)American National Standards Institute (ANSI) code K (yellow) with chromel/alumel base metals. Choose approximately 50 m of solid bare wire, diameter (gauge) at 0.81 mm (AWG 20).Insulation, glass braided over glass wrap or other that meets or exceeds 700 C capability.95.7.1 THERMOC
39、OUPLE CONNECTOR”K” Type, plug, (3). Attaches to thermocouple leads for connection intomodule for cartridge heater.105.7.2 THERMOCOUPLE CONNECTOR”K” Type, socket. Permits insertion of plug with thermocouple leads intomodule for cartridge heater.115.8 Surface ProbeCeramic tip (spring loaded), (3). Per
40、mits surface contact of thermocouple to sleeve.125.9 Enclosure Panel BoxA unit, 510 mm x 410 mm x 200 mm13, with a sub panel 430 mm x 330 mm14formounting the temperature controller, temperature indicator, circuit breaker, transformer, lights and switches.See Figure 2B.5.9.1 TRANSFORMER500VA, 240/120
41、 VAC to control any in rush currents.155.9.2 FUSE HOLDER AND FUSESPanel mount, 2 pole and 1 pole - 250 VAC holder, with two six amp and one threeamp fuses.5.9.3 SWITCH, SELECTOR2 position maintained 10 A rating (oil tight) for on/off control.5.9.4 PILOT LIGHT120 VAC, red, to indicate on and off cond
42、ition.5.10 Circuit Breaker2 pole, 240 V, 15 A through door mount to panel box.165.11 SCR Power Control240 V, 15 A, zero voltage firing (signal control = 4-20 mA).176. Test Requirements6.1 SpecimenThe test sleeve length must be 280 mm to 300 mm long with a 19 mm nominal ID. Measure thesleeve i.d. usi
43、ng a plug gauge. The sleeve may or may not incorporate a seam. Seamed sleeves are testedwith the seam at the bottom (6 oclock) of the cartridge heater.6.2 Unless otherwise specified, testing shall be conducted following a specimen conditioning period of 24 hminimum at 23 C 2 C and 50% R.H. 5% R.H.9.
44、 Omega GG-K-20 (solid) or equivalent, meets the requirements.10. Cole-Parmer E-83840-52 or equivalent, meets the requirements.11. Cole-Parmer E-93840-53 or equivalent, meets the requirements.12. Cole-Parmer L-08439-12 or equivalent, meets the requirements.13. Hoffman D-3L20H1608LPB or equivalent, me
45、ets the requirements.14. McMaster Car 75545K92 or Hoffman (OR) AZOP16 or equivalent, meets the requirements.15. Jefferson 636-1191 or equivalent, meets the requirements.16. Square “D” Co. FAL-22015 or equivalent, meets the requirements.17. Halmar/Robicon 115Z-C or equivalent, meets the requirements.
46、Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J2495 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 7 of 12 6.3 TemperaturesFor standardization purposes, select one or more of the following test temperatureconditions:
47、6.3.1 SEQUENCEFor standardization purposes, select one of the following test sequences:6.3.2 Use the letter S, after the temperature condition letter in Table 1, to designate smoke generation and timein seconds in parenthesis. See item 4.3.2.6.3.3 POSITION AND DISTANCEindicate the circumferential po
48、sition of your auxiliary thermocouple(s) relative tothe cartridge heater using the positions of the clock. The twelve oclock thermocouple position (top) isstandard, on the surface of the test sleeve. Indicate other positions (P) on individual part or componentdrawings per item 4.3.2. Distance (D) is measured in centimeters from the wire/flange end of the cartridgeheater to the opposite end. Indicate the number in parenthesis for each auxiliary thermocouple.6.4 Do not use or interpret
