1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2009 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J745 JUN2009 Issued 1955-01 Revised 2009-06 Superseding J745 SEP1996 Hydraulic Power Pump Test Procedure RATIONALE This standard is revised to correct error on Response Time, identified in th
5、e graph in order to agree with definition. 1. SCOPE This test code describes tests for determining characteristics of hydraulic positive displacement pumps used on construction and industrial machinery as referenced in SAE J1116. These characteristics are to be recorded on data sheets similar to the
6、 ones shown in Figures 1 to 3. Two sets of data sheets are to be submitted: one at 49 C (120 F) and one at 82 C (180 F). 1.1 Purpose This test code establishes conditions for pump tests, outlines a procedure for tests, and establishes a method of presenting pump test data. The procedure covers the f
7、ollowing determinations: a. Derived capacity b. Delivery characteristics c. Power input d. Power loss e. Overall efficiency f. Pressure compensator response and recovery g. Flow compensator response and recovery 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of this
8、 specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. SAE J745 Revised JUN2009 Page 2 of 12 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
9、 and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J1116 Categories of Off-Road Self-Propelled Work Machines SAE J1276 Standardized Fluid for Hydraulic Component Tests PERFORMANCE DATA FOR A CONSTANT DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC PUMP Manufacturer: ACME Mfg. Co. Test Fluid: Dexron II ATF Series o
10、r Type: ZYX Fluid Temperature: 49 C (120 F) Model: 9Y13 Fluid Viscosity: 24.5 mm2/s (114 SUS) Rotation: Clockwise Pump Inlet Pressure: 772 mm Hg abs (14.9 psia) SAE Derived Capacity: 134.4 mL/rev (8.2 in3/rev) FIGURE 1 - WORK SHEET 1 SAE J745 Revised JUN2009 Page 3 of 12 PERFORMANCE DATA FOR A PRESS
11、URE COMPENSATED HYDRAULIC PUMP Manufacturer: ACME Mfg. Co. Test Fluid: Dexron II ATF Series or Type: ZYX Fluid Temperature: 49 C (120 F) Model: 9Y13 Fluid Viscosity: 24.5 mm2/s (114 SUS) Rotation: Clockwise Pump Inlet Pressure: 772 mm Hg abs (14.9 psia) SAE Derived Capacity: 134.4 mL/rev (8.2 in3/re
12、v) Speed Deadhead pressure Deadhead Input Power Response/ Settling Time Recovery Time Rate of Pressure Rise Rate of Pressure Drop Overshoot rpm kPa psi kW HP ms ms kPa/s psi/s kPa/s psi/s kPa psi 2400 14 000 2032 7.5 10.1 55/150 75 1 380 000 200 000 1 380 000 200 000 3440 500 2400 10 500 1524 5.0 6.
13、7 60/155 80 1 380 000 200 000 1 380 000 200 000 2750 400 2400 7 000 1016 2.3 3.1 65/160 85 1 380 000 200 000 1 380 000 200 000 2400 350 1600 14 000 2032 5.0 6.7 70/170 100 1 380 000 200 000 1 380 000 200 000 2750 400 1600 10 500 1524 3.2 4.3 70/175 105 1 380 000 200 000 1 380 000 200 000 2400 350 16
14、00 7 000 1016 1.6 2.1 75/180 110 1 380 000 200 000 1 380 000 200 000 2400 350 800 14 000 2032 2.5 3.4 105/205 130 1 380 000 200 000 1 380 000 200 000 2060 300 800 10 500 1524 1.6 2.1 105/225 135 1 380 000 200 000 1 380 000 200 000 2060 300 800 7 000 1016 0.8 1.1 110/230 135 1 380 000 200 000 1 380 0
15、00 200 000 1890 275 FIGURE 2 - WORK SHEET 2 SAE J745 Revised JUN2009 Page 4 of 12 PERFORMANCE DATA FOR A PRESSURE COMPENSATED HYDRAULIC PUMP Manufacturer: ACME Mfg. Co. Test Fluid: Dexron II ATF Series or Type: ZYX Fluid Temperature: 49 C (120 F) Model: 9Y13 Fluid Viscosity: 24.5 mm2/s (114 SUS) Rot
16、ation: Clockwise Pump Inlet Pressure: 772 mm Hg abs (14.9 psia) SAE Derived Capacity: 134.4 mL/rev (8.2 in3/rev) Speed Standby Pressure Standby Input Power Flow Response Time Flow Recovery Time Rate of Pressure Rise Rate of Pressure Drop rpm kPa psi kW HP ms ms kPa/s psi/s kPa/s psi/s 1400 1400 203
17、1.0 1.3 60 80 750 000 109 000 700 000 102 000 1600 1400 203 0.7 0.9 85 140 750 000 109 000 700 000 102 000 800 1400 203 0.3 0.4 125 200 750 000 109 000 700 000 102 000 FIGURE 3 - WORK SHEET 3 3. CONSTANT AND HYDRAULIC POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT HYDRAULIC PUMPSGENERAL DEFINITIONS 3.1 Delivery The flow out
18、put per unit time expressed in liters per minute (L/min) or gallons per minute (gpm). 3.2 Deadhead Pressure The pressure developed by a pressure compensated pump when the outlet is blocked (delivery is zero). 3.3 Standby Pressure The pressure developed by a flow compensated pump when no load signal
19、pressure is present and the pump outlet is blocked. 3.4 Margin Pressure In a flow compensated pump, the differential between the pressure measured at the pump outlet port and the pressure controlling pump displacement at some condition other than standby. SAE J745 Revised JUN2009 Page 5 of 12 3.5 Re
20、sponse Time, Pressure Compensator The time in milliseconds between the instantaneous pressures crossing of deadhead pressure on the pressure rise and its subsequent reaching of deadhead pressure on the pressure drop when tested according to Test 4 of this procedure. (See Figure 4.) FIGURE 4 - PRESSU
21、RE COMPENSATOR RESPONSE AND RECOVERY 3.6 Recovery Time, Pressure Compensator The time in milliseconds between the start of the pressure drop and the subsequent reaching of 75% of the deadhead pressure on the first rise of the instantaneous pressure curve when tested according to Test 4 of this proce
22、dure. (See Figure 4.) 3.7 Settling Time The time in milliseconds between the instantaneous pressures crossing of deadhead pressure on the pressure rise and its subsequent decay into the repeatable pressure ripple when the pressure compensator is tested according to Test 4 of this procedure. (See Fig
23、ure 4.) 3.8 Response Time, Flow Compensator The time in milliseconds between the start of the pressure drop and the subsequent reaching of the standby pressure when tested according to Test 6 of this procedure. (See Figure 5.) 3.9 Recovery Time, Flow Compensator The time in milliseconds between the
24、start of the pressure rise and the initial development of 75% of deadhead pressure when tested according to Test 6 of this procedure. (See Figure 5.) 3.10 Derived Capacity The actual pump displacement as measured in Test 1, expressed in mL/rev or in 3 rev. 3.11 Overshoot The difference between the p
25、eak pressure spike and the mean steady-state deadhead pressure observed during the response time test. (See Figure 4.) SAE J745 Revised JUN2009 Page 6 of 12 4. MATERIAL AND APPARATUS 4.1 Test Fluid Test fluid shall preferably be per SAE J1276. The actual fluid type and viscosity shall be recorded on
26、 work sheets (Figures 1 to 3). FIGURE 5 - FLOW COMPENSATOR RESPONSE AND RECOVERY 4.2 Pump Torque and Speed Measuring Apparatus Torque measurement must be accurate within 1% and speed measurement must be accurate within 0.5%. The test setup shall not impose radial or axial loads upon the driveshaft o
27、f the hydraulic pump under test. Torque shall be expressed in Newton meters (Nm) or inch pound-force (lbfin). 4.3 Flow Measurement Flow measurement shall be accurate within 1.0%. Outlet pressure shall be expressed in kilo-pascals gage (kPag) or pounds per square inch gage (psig). Inlet pressure shal
28、l be expressed in millimeters of Mercury absolute (mm Hg abs) or inches of Mercury absolute (in Hg abs). 4.4 Temperature Measurement and Control Fluid Temperature shall be measured in the reservoir at the entrance to the pump supply line by means of a thermometer or thermocouple. Fluid temperature s
29、hall be maintained at the prescribed level throughout the test within 3 C (5 F). Temperature shall be expressed in degrees Celsius (C) or degrees Fahrenheit (F). 4.5 Pump Inlet Line Total pressure drop from the reservoir to the pump inlet shall not exceed 127 mm (5 in) Hg. Unless otherwise required,
30、 the pump inlet pressure at the inlet fitting shall be maintained within 25.4 mm (1 in) Hg of atmospheric pressure at pump maximum displacement and rated speed. This can be controlled by reservoir fluid level and/or reservoir pressure. The inlet pressure will be permitted to rise as variable pump di
31、splacement is reduced. A shutoff valve may be installed at least 20 diameters upstream from the pump in the inlet line. 4.6 Reservoir To minimize aeration, the return fluid shall enter the reservoir at a point below the surface of the fluid. Return fluid shall be diffused in such a manner as to mini
32、mize turbulence in the reservoir and to prevent the return fluid short circuiting to the pump inlet. Provision shall be made to prevent settlings entering the inlet line. Filtration shall be provided such that the fluid cleanliness level is maintained within the pump manufacturers recommendations. S
33、AE J745 Revised JUN2009 Page 7 of 12 5. WORKING FORMULAS The following formulas may be utilized to calculate performance parameters: 5.1 SAE Theoretical Hydraulic Power See Equations 1 and 2. Derived Cap. (mL/rev.) x Speed (rpm) x Pressure (kPag)60000- W()=(Eq. 1) Derived Cap. in3rev()Speed rpm()Pre
34、ssure psig()396000- HP()=(Eq. 2) 5.2 Hydraulic Power See Equations 3 and 4. Delivery L min()Pressure kPag()60- W()=(Eq. 3) Delivery gpm()Pressure psig()1714- HP()=(Eq. 4) 5.3 Power Input See Equations 5 and 6. Torque N m()Speed rpm()9.549- W()=(Eq. 5) Torquelbf in()Speed rpm()63025- HP()=(Eq. 6) 5.4
35、 Torque Efficiency, (%) See Equation 7. Theoretical Hydraulic PowerPower Input- 100=(Eq. 7) 5.5 Overall Efficiency, (%) See Equation 8. Hydraulic PowerPower Input- 100=(Eq. 8) 5.6 Power Loss See Equation 9. Power Input Hydraulic Power=(Eq. 9) SAE J745 Revised JUN2009 Page 8 of 12 6. CONSTANT DISPLAC
36、EMENT OPEN CIRCUIT HYDRAULIC PUMP TESTS 6.1 Test 1SAE Derived Capacity 6.1.1 Set up pump as recommended in Figure 6. FIGURE 6 - TYPICAL TEST SETUP FOR DELIVERY AND POWER DETERMINATION FIGURE 6A - TYPICAL TEST SETUP FOR DELIVERY AND POWER DETERMINATION FOR CLOSED CIRCUIT PUMPS SAE J745 Revised JUN200
37、9 Page 9 of 12 6.1.2 Operate pump with an inlet to outlet differential pressure equal to 5% of the pumps continuous pressure rating using fluid at 49 C (120 F). 6.1.3 Record delivery at selected speeds over the full rated speed range. 6.1.4 Ignoring nonlinear ends of the speed-delivery curve, determ
38、ine the SAE derived capacity as the slope of the curve obtained in 6.1.3 (delivery/rpm). 6.2 Test 2Performance Characteristics 6.2.1 Set up pump as recommended in Figure 6. 6.2.2 With discharge pressure adjusted to 690 kPa (100 psi) maximum at rated speed, operate pump from minimum to rated speed in
39、 a suitable number of steps using fluid at 49 C (120 F). Record input torque, delivery, inlet pressure, outlet pressure, and speed. 6.2.3 Repeat 6.2.2 at rated and at least one intermediate discharge pressure. 6.2.4 Repeat 6.2.2 and 6.2.3 with the inlet at 127 mm (5 in) Hg below atmospheric by adjus
40、ting the shutoff valve in the inlet line. Use precautions to avoid the excessive release of entrained air or the ingestion of air into the inlet line. 6.2.5 Repeat 6.2.2, 6.2.3, and 6.2.4 with fluid temperature at 82 C (180 F). 6.2.6 Present performance data in a format similar to that shown on Work
41、 Sheet 1 (Figure 1). 7. CLOSED CIRCUIT HYDRAULIC PUMP TESTS AT CONSTANT DISPLACEMENT This section applies only to pumps without full flow charge pumps. Perform Tests 1 and 2 per 6.1 and 6.2 in an open circuit mode with externally supplied charge pressure. Omit 6.2.4. Alternatively, use the modified
42、circuit of Figure 6A. Maintain pump inlet pressure consistent with the pump manufacturers recommendations. Recognize that inlet to outlet differential pressure should be used in working formulas rather than outlet pressure. 8. VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PRESSURE COMPENSATED PUMP TESTS Perform Tests 1 and
43、 2 per 6.1 and 6.2. Maximum pressure can be 5 to 20% below deadhead pressure, so that pump remains at full displacement. Where required by the pumps control system, increase the specified pressure differential in Test 1 so that full flow is achieved. 8.1 Test 3Pressure Compensator Performance 8.1.1
44、At the minimum, rated, and one intermediate speed used in 6.2 and at rated deadhead pressure, reduce pump delivery from maximum to zero with manual restrictor valve in adequate steps to define performance curves. Record input torque, pressure, delivery, and speed. 8.1.2 Repeat 8.1.1 at recommended m
45、inimum and one intermediate deadhead setting. 8.2 Test 4Response Time and Recovery Time 8.2.1 Add a rapid shutoff valve (such as a direct solenoid operated valve) in series with the manual restrictor valve and connect a pressure transducer in the pump outlet line so that instantaneous pressure can b
46、e recorded against time on an oscilloscope (or oscillograph). (See circuit drawing in Figure 7.) SAE J745 Revised JUN2009 Page 10 of 12 FIGURE 7 - TYPICAL TEST SETUP FOR RESPONSE TIME OF PRESSURE COMPENSATOR 8.2.2 Condition circuit such that pressure rise rate is between 690 000 and 2 060 000 kPa/s (100 000 and 300 000 psi/s) when shutoff valve is closed. Use 1 380 000 kPa/s (200 000 psi/s) as the target pressure rise rate. 8.2.3 With pump running at rated speed, deadhead pressure set at rated pressure, relief valve set to lim
