1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001STANDARDSubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ56REV
4、.JUN1999Issued 1978-09Revised 1999-06Superseding J56 JUN83(R) Road VehiclesAlternators with RegulatorsTest Methods and General Requirements1. ScopeThis SAE Standard specifies test methods and general requirements for the determination of theelectrical characteristic data of alternators for road vehi
5、cles.It applies to alternators, cooled according to manufacturers instructions, mounted on internal combustionengines.This document attempts to follow ISO 8854, dated 1988. ISO 8854 has been modified herein to reflect localmarket requirements and historical precedent.2. References2.1 Applicable Publ
6、icationThe following publication forms a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein.2.1.1 ISO PUBLICATIONAvailable from ANSI, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ISO 8854Road vehiclesAlternators with regulatorsTest methods and general requirements3. DefinitionsFor the purposes
7、 of this document, all currents defined are considered to be net output of themachine (gross output minus the field excitation) with the regulator connected to the output.The following definitions apply.3.1 Test Voltage, VtSpecified value, in volts, at which the current measurements shall be carried
8、 out.3.2 ISO 8854 Cut-In Frequency, nA(Copied from ISO 8854, FOR REFERENCE ONLY). Alternator rotationalfrequency (i.e., speed), which is the number of revolutions divided by time, in minutes to the power minus one,at which it begins to supply current when frequency is increased for the first time. T
9、his depends on pre-exciting power (input), frequency changing velocity, battery voltage, and the residual flux density of the rotor(speed when the charge indicator system indicates the commencement of battery charging.)3.3 Cut-Out Speed, n0Alternator rotational speed, in Revolutions per Minute (rpm)
10、, at specified test voltage, Vt,where output falls to zero amperes as the speed is decreased. Historically, in North America, this point isreferred to as “cut-in,” to remove the hysteresis from the alternator rating curve.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Copyright SAE International Pro
11、vided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J56 Revised JUN1999-2-3.4 Rated Low Application Speed, nLAlternator rotational speed, in rpm, which corresponds approximately tothe idling speed of the engine. This rotational spee
12、d is set at 1500 rpm for the purpose of this specification.3.5 Low Speed Rated Current, ILCurrent, in amperes, which is delivered by the alternator at test voltage, Vt,and at rated low application speed, nL.3.6 Rated Speed, nRAlternator rotational speed, in rpm, at which it supplies its rated curren
13、t, IR, The ratedspeed is specified as nR = 6000 rpm for the purpose of this specification.3.7 Rated Current IRMinimum current, in amperes, which the alternator shall supply at test voltage, Vt, andrated speed, nR.3.8 Maximum Rated Speed, nmaxMaximum continuous rotational speed for generating electri
14、c power, in rpm,as specified by the alternator manufacturer.3.9 Current at Maximum Rated Speed, In(max)Current, in amperes, which the alternator supplies at testvoltage, Vt and maximum rated speed, nmax.3.10 Shaft Input Power, PiPower, in watts, required to turn alternator at required speed to gener
15、ate measuredcurrent at specified Vt.3.11 Maximum Drive Torque, TmaxMaximum torque required to drive alternator, at a constant speed, underspecified operating conditions. (Reference Only)4. Test Conditions4.1 The tests shall be carried out at an ambient temperature of 23 C 5 C. The actual test temper
16、ature shall berecorded on all published performance reports.4.2 The direction of alternator rotation shall be as indicated by the manufacturer.4.3 A battery and an adjustable resistor, R, shunted to the battery, are used in the measuring circuit, as shown inFigure 1.4.4 The tests shall be conducted
17、using a fully charged lead-acid battery of the correct nominal voltage having anominal capacity, expressed in ampere-hours, of not less than 50% of the rated alternator current, IR (i.e.,100-A alternator will have at least a 50 A-h battery in the test circuit.)4.5 The overall capability of the test
18、equipment shall allow parameter measurements within the followingtolerances:a. Voltage: 0.3%b. Current: 0.5%c. Torque: 2.0%d. Rotational Speed: 1.0%e. Temperature: 1.0 C4.6 All measurements of current shall be carried out by adjusting the load resistor, R, to maintain a constant testvoltage, Vt. Tes
19、t voltages shall be recorded on all published performance reports.4.7 The measurements shall be carried out with the regulator operating normally, with its power coming from theoutput of the machine being tested.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo repro
20、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J56 Revised JUN1999-3-4.8 Measurements shall be made at the following test voltages:a. 13.5 V 0.1 V for 12-V nominal systemsb. 27.0 V 0.2 V for 24-V nominal systemsIf test voltages other than 13.5/27.0 are used, they must be recorded on
21、all published performance reports.NOTEExisting ISO and JIS specifications use 13.5 and 27.0 V.5. Test Equipment Connection DiagramFor alternator tests, connections shall be made in accordance withFigure 1.FIGURE 1TEST CONNECTION DIAGRAMThe voltmeter shall be connected directly to the alternator powe
22、r output terminals.The voltage drop shall be 0.5 V or less for all test conditions. The voltage drop as shown in Figure 1, is definedas V1 + V2 which is the voltage from the alternator B+ to alternator ground, minus the load voltage drop.6. Measurement Procedure6.1 Current/Rotational Speed Character
23、istics6.1.1 STABILIZED PERFORMANCE TESTS (REQUIRED FOR RATING)Current measurement shall be taken at least atthe following rotational speeds, in rpm. The current shall be allowed to reach equilibrium (within 2% ofreading for 5 min) at each individual speed before current and torque values are recorde
24、d:a. 2-A speed, 1500, 1800, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 5000, 6000, nmaxb. Cut-Out Speed, n0, (Indirect Measurement)Reduce the alternator rotational speed until an alternatoroutput current between 5% of IR and 2 A, but not less than 2 A, is reached. Record speed and currentfor graphic determinatio
25、n of the Cut-Out Speed: i.e., the Cut-Out Speed is determined by extension ofthe current/rotational speed characteristic until the abscissa is intersected. The graphic extrapolationshall be made after completing the measurements.The shaft input power shall be determined for each measurement point.Co
26、pyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J56 Revised JUN1999-4-6.1.2 SWEPT SPEED, TEMPERATURE STABILIZED TESTThe alternator under test shall be warmed up for 30 min at3000 rpm. It is, however,
27、 permissible to reduce this time if it can be shown that the temperature which wouldbe reached after 30 min has been attained in a shorter period. The voltage and load shall be constant andequal to the test voltage, Vt, and load during the warm up and measuring period.After the warm up period, the r
28、otational speed shall be reduced until the current is between 2 A and 0.05 IR.Record the current and rotational speed.Current measurements shall be taken while the speed is swept from n0 to no less than nR.The test time shall not exceed 30 s, with constant rate of change of speed.6.1.3 SWEPT SPEED,
29、NON-TEMPERATURE STABILIZED TESTSame procedure as 6.1.2, except that temperaturestabilization is not required.6.2 Cold Temperature Stabilized Performance Test (Optional)Same procedure as 6.1.1, except at 0 Cambient. Recording torque data during this procedure is optional.6.3 High Temperature Stabiliz
30、ed Performance Test (Optional)Same procedure as 6.1.1, except at 100 Cambient. Recording torque data during this procedure is optional.6.4 Testing of Functional Ability of RegulatorThe alternator shall be run at rated rotational speed and ratedcurrent until the temperature of the regulator becomes s
31、table. The load shall then be reduced to 10% of IR, butnot less than 5 A, and a check made to determine that the voltage does not rise above the alternator voltagespecified by the alternator manufacturer.NOTEThe setting of the regulator is specific to the vehicle manufacturer.7. Presentation of Resu
32、ltsMeasurements of current, rotational speed, and torque characteristics shall bepresented in accordance with Figure 2. Calculations of power and efficiency are optional on Figure 2.The tests described in 6.1.1 and 6.1.2 will produce different characteristic curves and therefore differentmaximum cur
33、rent values. The manufacturer shall indicate which test method has been used.7.1 Displayed Rating FormatAny references to performance marked on an alternator shall follow this format:“ IL / IR A VT V”where:IL = Low Speed Rated CurrentIR = High Speed Rated CurrentVT = Test VoltageFor example: “50/120
34、A 13.5V”The sample size used to generate the curves in Figure 2 shall be reported on the curve.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J56 Revised JUN1999-5-FIGURE 2PRESENTATION OF RESULTSC
35、opyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J56 Revised JUN1999-6-8. Notes8.1 Marginal IndiciaThe change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locatingareas wh
36、ere technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the leftof the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.PREPARED BY THE SAE VEHICLE ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS STANDARDS COMMITTEECopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under licens
37、e with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J56 Revised JUN1999RationaleNot applicable.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardThis document attempts to follow ISO 8854, dated 1988.ISO 8544 has been modified herein to reflect local market requir
38、ements and historical precedent.ApplicationThis SAE Standard specifies test methods and general requirements for the determination ofthe electrical characteristic data of alternators for road vehicles.It applies to alternators, cooled according to manufacturers instructions, mounted on internalcombu
39、stion engines.Reference SectionISO 8854Road vehiclesAlternators with regulatorsTest methods and general requirementsDeveloped by the SAE Vehicle Electric Power Supply Systems Standards CommitteeCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-
