1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、 (outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J551/16_201710 SURFACE VEHICLERECOMMENDED PRACTICEJ551 -16 OCT2017 Issued 2005-09 Revised 2012-05
5、 Reaffirmed 2017-10 Superseding J551-16 MAY2012 Electromagnetic Immunity - Off-Vehicle Source (Reverberation Chamber Method) - Part 16 - Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields RATIONALE J551-16 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE Five-Year Review policy. 1. SCOPE1.1 Vehicle electrical/el
6、ectronic systems may be affected when immersed in an electromagnetic field generated by sources such as radio and TV broadcast stations, radar and communication sites, mobile transmitters, cellular phones, etc. This part of SAE J551 specifies off-vehicle radiated source test methods and procedures f
7、or testing passenger cars and commercial vehicles within a Reverberation Chamber. The method is used to evaluate the immunity of vehicle mounted electronic devices in the frequency range of 80 MHz to 2 GHz, with possible extensions 20 MHz to 10 GHz, depending upon chamber size and construction. Thre
8、e methods for calibrating and applying electromagnetic fields are described in the document: 1) Mode Tuned Reverberation Chamber method, 2) Mode Stir (Standard) Reverberation Chamber method and 3) Mode Stir (Hybrid) Reverberation Chamber method. Optional pulse modulation testing at HIRF (High Intens
9、ity Radiated Fields) test levels, based upon currently known environmental threats, has been included in this revision of the standard. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages which are discussed in each individual test section. All methods have been proven to be effective at finding potent
10、ial field issues at the vehicle level. SAE J551-1 specifies general definitions, practical use, and basic principles of the test procedure. Specific chamber characterization procedures, formulas and calibration procedures for the Mode Tuned and Mode Stir (Standard) methods can be found in SAE J1113-
11、28 and J1113-27 respectively. Chamber characterization procedures for the Mode Stir (Hybrid) method are described in 6.3 of this document. 1.2 This document provides vehicle manufacturers with a test procedure and performance requirements necessary to evaluate the immunity of vehicles early in the d
12、esign stage as well as pilot and production stages. This method is an alternative to testing in an absorber lined chamber. 1.3 Rationale and Application Vehicle electrical/electronic systems may be affected when immersed in an electromagnetic field generated by sources such as radio and TV broadcast
13、 stations, radar and communication sites, mobile transmitters, cellular phones, etc. This part of SAE J551 specifies off-vehicle radiated source test methods and procedures for testing passenger cars and commercial vehicles within a Reverberation Chamber. The method is used to evaluate the immunity
14、of vehicle mounted electronic devices in the frequency range of 80 MHz to 2 GHz, with possible extensions 20 MHz to 10 GHz, depending upon chamber size and construction. Three methods for calibrating and applying electromagnetic fields are described in the document: 1) Mode Tuned Reverberation Chamb
15、er method, 2) Mode Stir (Standard) Reverberation Chamber method and 3) Mode Stir (Hybrid) Reverberation Chamber method. Optional pulse modulation testing at HIRF (High Intensity Radiated Fields) test levels, based upon currently known environmental threats, has been included in this revision of the
16、standard. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages which are discussed in each individual test section. All methods have been proven to be effective at finding potential field issues at the vehicle level. SAE J551-1 specifies general definitions, practical use, and basic principles of the te
17、st procedure. Specific chamber characterization procedures, formulas and calibration procedures for the Mode Tuned and Mode Stir (Standard) methods can be found in SAE J1113-28 and J1113-27 respectively. Chamber characterization procedures for the Mode Stir (Hybrid) method are described in 6.3 of th
18、is document. This document provides vehicle manufacturers with a test procedure and performance requirements necessary to evaluate the immunity of vehicles early in the design stage as well as pilot and production stages. This method is an alternative to testing in an absorber lined chamber. 2. REFE
19、RENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. General information regarding this test, including general definitions, and safety considerations
20、 are found in SAE J551-1. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J551-1 Performance Levels and Methods of Measurement of Electromagnetic Comp
21、atibility of Vehicles, Boats (up to 15 m), and Machines (16.6 Hz to 18 GHz) SAE J1812 Function Performance Status Classification for EMC Immunity Testing SAE J1113-27 Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurements Procedure for Vehicle Components - Part 27 - Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields -
22、 Mode Stir Reverberation Method SAE J1113-28 Electromagnetic Compatibility Measurements Procedure for Vehicle Components - Part 28 - Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Fields - Reverberation Method (Mode Tuning) SAE INTERNATIONAL J551-16 Page 2 of 24_ 2.2 Related Publications The following publica
23、tions are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report. NBS Information Report 81-1638 - Evaluation of a Reverberation Chamber Facility for Performing EM Radiated Fields Susceptibility Measurements. Available from NIST, U.S. Department of Commerce,
24、Gaithersburg, MD 20899. Phillips Laboratory Report PL-TR-91-1036 - Frequency Stirring: An Alternate Approach to Mechanical Mode-Stirring for the Conduct of EM Susceptibility Testing Commission Directive 2004/104/EC IEC 61000-4-3 - Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4-3: Testing and Measurement
25、 Techniques - Radiated, Radio-Frequency, Electromagnetic Field Immunity Test IEC 61000-4-21Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) Part 4-21: Testing Measurement Techniques - Reverberation Chamber Test Method GMW3097 (General Motors), “General Specification for Electrical/Electronic Components and Subsy
26、stems; Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)” EMC-CS-2009 (Ford Motor Company), “Component and Subsystem Electromagnetic Compatibility, Worldwide Requirements and Test Procedures” NBS Technical Note 1092, “Design, Evaluation, and Use of a Reverberating Chamber for Performing Electromagnetic Susceptibi
27、lity/Vulnerability Measurements” NIST Technical Note 1506, “Electromagnetic Theory of Reverberation Chambers” NIST Technical Note 1508, “Evaluation of the NASA Langley Research Center Mode-Stirred Chamber Facility” 3. DEFINITIONS Definitions specific to this test method are included. 3.1 REVERBERATI
28、ON CHAMBER A high Q shielded room (cavity) whose boundary conditions are changed via a rotating tuner (either stepped or continuous). This results in a time-averaged uniform electromagnetic field. The chamber size and construction determines the type of tests to be performed, the size of the vehicle
29、 to be tested, and the usable frequency range. See Appendix A for additional information. 3.2 TUNER A large metallic reflector capable of changing the electromagnetic boundary conditions in a reverberation chamber as it rotates or moves. As the tuner moves, the nulls (Emin) and maximums (Emax) of th
30、e field change location, ensuring the vehicle is exposed to a time-averaged uniform field. Several examples of tuner designs are shown in Appendix B. SAE INTERNATIONAL J551-16 Page 3 of 24_ 3.3 MODE TUNED REVERBERATION CHAMBER METHOD During Mode Tuned Reverberation testing, the tuner is operated in
31、a step/stop/step/stop fashion (instead of a continuous rotation). The field generating antenna is pointed into a corner of the chamber to eliminate direct coupling to the vehicle. A constant field can be applied to the vehicle for a specified dwell time at each tuner position, frequency, and modulat
32、ion tested. Multiple test positions about the vehicle are no longer required since the entire vehicle is immersed in the applied field. This method requires characterization of the chamber (per IEC 61000-4-21 also described in SAE J1113-28) with and without the vehicle. 3.4 MODE STIR (STANDARD) REVE
33、RBERATION CHAMBER METHOD During Mode Stir (Standard) Reverberation testing, the tuner is operated in a continuous rotating manner (Typically 10-20 s/revolution). The field generating antenna is pointed into a corner of the chamber to eliminate direct coupling to the vehicle. The dwell time at each f
34、requency and modulation tested is typically the time it takes for one full rotation of the tuner. Multiple test positions about the vehicle are no longer required since the entire vehicle is immersed in the applied field. Characterization of the chamber, with and without the vehicle (per SAE J1113-2
35、7), is required for this method. 3.5 MODE STIRRED (HYBRID) REVERBERATION CHAMBER METHOD During Mode Stir (Hybrid) Reverberation testing, the tuner is operated in a continuous rotating fashion (Typically 10-20 s/revolution). Unlike the methods described in 3.3 and 3.4, a combination of direct illumin
36、ation of the vehicle by the RF generating antenna and mode stirring are utilized. This method is typically used to evaluate larger vehicles (i.e., Class 8 trucks, Agriculture Equipment, Earth Moving Equipment, etc.) in large chambers where the other indirect illumination methods are not practical. M
37、ultiple test positions about the vehicle should be utilized, since direct illumination of the vehicle is being utilized. The dwell time at each frequency tested is typically the time it takes for one full rotation of the tuner. Field uniformity characterization of the chamber without the vehicle, us
38、ing methods and requirements derived from IEC-61000-4-3 is required to show the useful frequency range and the performance of the chamber. 3.6 EMAX The peak level (maximum) RF field being generated and moved about the chamber. 3.7 EMIN The minimum level (null) RF field being generated and moved abou
39、t the chamber. 4. TEST CONDITIONS The following test conditions should be considered during the testing. See SAE J551-1 Section 6 for additional guidance on test conditions. SAE INTERNATIONAL J551-16 Page 4 of 24_ 4.1 Test Temperature and Supply Voltage (See SAE J551-1) In addition, heat is generate
40、d in the test facility when the vehicle is operated during the performance of the test. Sufficient cooling must be provided to ensure that the engine does not overheat. The ambient temperature in the test facility shall be recorded if it is outside the 23 C 5 C range. The electrical charging system
41、shall be functional for tests that require the vehicle engine to be running. For tests where the vehicle engine is not required to be running, the battery voltage shall be maintained above 12.2 V and 24.4 V for 12 V and 24 V systems, respectively. 4.2 Frequency Range (See SAE J551-1) In addition, to
42、 test automotive electronic systems, the applicable frequency range of this test method is 20 MHz to 10 GHz. Testing over the full frequency range is not required and should be done at the engineering judgment of the vehicle manufacturer. At a minimum, the testing should be performed over the freque
43、ncy range of 80 MHz to 2 GHz. Different field-generating devices may be required for testing over the full frequency range. This does not imply that testing of overlapping frequency ranges is required. Ultimately, the frequency range will be limited to the chamber performance and the method being ut
44、ilized. 4.3 Modulation (See SAE J551-1) In addition, the characteristics of the systems of the vehicle determine the type and frequency of modulation. If no values are agreed upon between the users of this document, the following shall be used: a) No modulation (CW), b) 1 kHz sine wave amplitude mod
45、ulation (AM) 80% and c) Pulse Modulation should also be considered at frequencies above 800 MHz (See Tables C2 and C3 of Appendix C for suggested Pulse Modulations, test severity levels and Function Performance Status Classification associated with those pulse modulations). 4.4 Dwell Time (See SAE J
46、551-1) In addition, at each frequency the vehicle shall be exposed to the test level for the minimum response time needed to control the subsystems of the vehicle. The dwell time will also be dependent upon the method being utilized. The minimum dwell times are discussed in more detail in the test p
47、rocedure for each method (See 6.1, 6.2 or 6.3). 4.5 Frequency Steps (See SAE J551-1) In addition, the tests will be conducted with the maximum frequency step sizes shown in Table 1. Alternatively, logarithmic frequency steps (shown in Table 2), with the same minimum number of frequency steps in each
48、 frequency band, can be used. The values, as agreed upon by the users of this document, shall be documented in the test report. NOTE If it appears that the susceptibility thresholds of the vehicle are very near the chosen test level, these frequency step sizes should be reduced in the concerned frequency range in order to find the minimum susceptibility thresholds. (Refer to SAE J551-1.) SAE INTERNATIONAL J551-16 Page 5 of 24_
