1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001INFORMATIONREPORTJ2374ISSUEDJUL1999Issued 1999-07Location Referencing Me
4、ssage SpecificationForewordThis SAE Information Report describes a suite of alternative location referencing interface profiles foruse in Intelligent Transportation Systems. Location referencing profiles enable the location of an event or thing tobe communicated from one component of an ITS system t
5、o another component in an unambiguous and mutuallyunderstandable way. The profiles, when incorporated into relevant standards, will provide common language forthe expression of location between the different components of an integrated transportation system, based onwhat is appropriate for its compu
6、ter systems, digital map data sets, communications media, and users. Theprofiles specified here recommend standard meanings (semantics) for the content of location referencemessages, and standard, public domain formats (syntax) for the presentation of location references to applicationsoftware.This
7、document is based on the Location Reference Message Specification (LRMS) Revision B (MDI), dated May22, 1997, with additional inputs received from both private sector and public sector parties. The LRMS wasdeveloped by Viggen Corporation, on contract to the US Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) fo
8、r a projectsponsored by the U.S. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). This document also incorporates recentunpublished input from U.S. public sector agencies. The LRMS profiles included in this report are in varying statesof development and will continue to evolve as ITS user requirements and res
9、ults of computer and field testsbecome available. Extreme care will be taken in the evolution of the LRMS profiles to ensure that future profileswill maintain backward compatibility with those systems which are based on the Revision B LRMS and thisdocument.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Scope . 22. References
10、. 22.1 Related Publications. 23. Definitions. 44. Requirements of LRMS Profiles . 74.1 Scope Requirements 74.2 Functional Requirements 84.3 Quality Requirements. 84.4 Performance Requirements 95. The LRMS Profiles . 9SAE J2374 Issued JUL1999-2-5.1 Introduction to the LRMS Profiles .95.2 The Geometry
11、 Profile95.3 The Geographic Coordinate Profile 125.4 The Grid Profile. 155.5 The Linear Referencing Profile . 185.6 The Cross-Streets Profile . 205.7 The Address Profile 215.8 The MDI Profile. 216. Named Objects . 281. ScopeThe LRMS is intended to provide a practical approach to standardization for
12、location referencingwithin a mixed data set environment, i.e., where more than one kind of spatial data set exists, and wherespatial references between these data sets must be made. Although some ITS applications in local areas maybe satisfied by having one common data setfor which location referenc
13、es may be implemented in anynumber of waysmany ITS applications will have broad interoperability requirements within the nation or aregion. For example, a vehicle driven from California to Florida in the U.S. should be able to receive andunderstand spatial references for traffic information or routi
14、ng instructions throughout the trip. Similarly,information sent from a vehicle to a central site should be understood in any city regardless of the kinds of datasets in use, whether they are public or private, or how locations are referenced internally to particular data sets.The LRMS can be applied
15、 to ITS systems involving mobile vehicles on roads, rails, and waterways. It can alsobe applied to location references to and from central sites to non-mobile sites such as kiosks, other centralsites, or pedestrians. The broadest scope of the LRMS is therefore intermodal spatial data set interoperab
16、ilityat the national level and across all of ITS. Given the great variety of ITS systems, it is expected that individualLRMS profiles will generate location referencing standards for subsets of ITS applications, such asISPVehicleISP, or centercenter.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe follow
17、ing publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest version of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J2369Standards for ATIS Message Sets Deliver
18、ed Over High Speed FM Subcarriers2.1.2 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (NIST) DOCUMENTAvailable from NIST, FIPS PUB 173,U.S. Government Printing Office, National Technical Information Service U.S Department of Commerce,Springfield, VA 22161.FIPS PUB 173Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SD
19、TS), 19922.2 Related PublicationsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not arequired part of this document.2.2.1 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS (AASHTO) PUBLICATIONSAvailable from AASHTO, Suite 225, 444 North Capital Street,
20、 NW, Washington, DC 20001.GIS-T95Reinterpreting the Location Referencing Problem: A Protocol ApproachProceedings,Geographic Information Systems for Transportation Symposium (GIS-T)Reno, NV, April 35, 1995,Goodwin, C., Gordon, S., and Siegel, D.GIS-T 92Dynamic Segmentation Revisited: A Milepoint Line
21、ar Data Model, Proceedings, GeographicInformation Systems for Transportation Symposium (GIS-T)Portland, OR, March 1992, Dueker, K.SAE J2374 Issued JUL1999-3-and Vrana, R.2.2.2 FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION DOCUMENTSAvailable from U.S. DOT, FHWA, Office of Safety andTraffic Operations, ITS Research
22、Division, HSR 10, 6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, VA 22101.Task A: Spatial Data Interoperability Protocol for ITS ProjectLocation Reference Protocol Requirements,December 29, 1995, Goodwin, C., Siegel, D., Gordon, S.Task B: Spatial Data Interoperability Protocol for ITS ProjectLocation Reference Messa
23、ge ProtocolPreliminary Specification, February 29, 1996, Goodwin, C., Siegel, D., and Gordon, S.Task B: Spatial Data Interoperability Protocol for ITS ProjectLocation Reference Message Specification:Final Design, June 28, 1996, Goodwin, C., Siegel, D., and Gordon, S.Task B: Spatial Data Interoperabi
24、lity Protocol for ITS ProjectLocation Reference Message Specification:Revision A, September 18, 1996, Goodwin, C., Siegel, D., and Gordon, S.Task B: Spatial Data Interoperability Protocol for ITS ProjectLocation Reference Message Specification:Revision B (MDI), May 22, 1997, Goodwin, C., Siegel, D.,
25、 and Gordon, S.Task C: Spatial Data Interoperability Protocol for ITS ProjectThe ITS Datum Preliminary Data Structureand Content, February 25, 1996, Siegel, C., Goodwin, C., and Gordon, S.Task C: Spatial Data Interoperability Protocol for ITS ProjectITS Data Final Design Report, June 28,1996, Siegel
26、, D., Goodwin, C., and Gordon, S.Task A3: Nationwide Map Database and Location Referencing System ProjectFunctional Requirementsfor National Map Databases for ITS, December 31, 1994, Goodwin, C., Xiong, D., and Gordon, S.Task B3: Nationwide Map Database and Location Referencing System ProjectTechnic
27、al Requirementsfor National Map Databases for ITS, July 31, 1995, Goodwin, C., Gordon, S.Task F1: Nationwide Map Database and Location Referencing System ProjectRecommendation forLocation Referencing for ITS, December 31, 1994, Goodwin, C., Gordon, S., and Xiong, D.2.2.3 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION S
28、OCIETY (ITS) OF AMERICAN DOCUMENTSAvailable from ITS America, 400Virginia Avenue, SW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20024-2730.Standard Location (SLR) System: Road Name ID SchemeProceedings of the ITS America AnnualMeeting, 1994, Ramakrishnan, R., Collier, C., Behr, D.U.S. National Architecture Program
29、Documents on World-Wide Webhttp:/www.itsa.org/archdocs/national.html2.2.4 MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION DOCUMENTAvailable from Minnesota Department ofTransportation, Transportation Data Section, Ford Building, 117 University Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55155.Mn/DOT GIS Statewide Base MapReport of
30、the GIS Base Map Task Force to the Minnesota Departmentof Transportation Council for Geographic Information, January 1993.2.2.5 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM (NCHRP) DOCUMENTAvailable from TransportationResearch Board/NCHRP, 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20418.Project
31、20-27(2)Report on the Results of a Workshop on a Generic Data Model for Linear ReferencingSystems (second draft), 1995Development of System and Application Architectures for GeographicInformation Systems in Transportation2.2.6 OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY DOCUMENTSAvailable from Oak Ridge National
32、Laboratory, Center forTransportation Analysis, Oak Ridge, TN 37831.2.2.7 TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD PUBLICATIONAvailable from Transportation Research Board, 2101Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington DC 20418.Transportation Research Circular 412Primer on Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems, 1993, Sh
33、uman, V.SAE J2374 Issued JUL1999-4-2.2.8 UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PUBLICATIONAvailable from US Geological Survey, U.S. GovernmentPrinting Office, Washington, DC 20402.U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1048An Enhanced Digital Line Graph Design, 1989.2.2.9 UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICEAvailable fr
34、om USPS, Customer Support Center, Memphis, TN 38188-0001.United States Postal Service, Postal Addressing Standards, Publication 28, August 19952.2.10 VIGGEN CORPORATION DOCUMENTSAvailable from Viggen Corporation, InterOp Division, 105 David lane,Knoxville, TN 37922-3204.E1 ReportLocation Referencing
35、 Systems: Analysis of Current Methods Applied to IVHS User Services(Draft), November, 1993FHWA Location Referencing System for ITS User Services White PaperAn Alternative Approach:Coordinate Snapping, November, 1994FHWA Location Referencing System for ITS User Services White PaperStreet Naming Conve
36、ntions,November, 1994ITS Location Referencing System: Dynamic Assignment of Network Attributes SpecificationDraft,Version C, October, 1994FHWA Location Referencing System for ITS User Services White PaperAn Alternative Approach: Cross-Streets, November, 1994Linear Referencing Using DANA: Resolution
37、of Control, November, 19943. Definitions3.1 AltitudeElevation above or below a reference datum, as defined in FIPSPUB 70-1; the z-value in a spatialaddress.3.2 Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS)The acquisition, analysis, communication, presentation,and use of information to assist the tran
38、sport traveler through single or linked, multiple nodes. Sources ofinformation include value-added service providers and traffic management centers. ATIS communicationtechnologies can include the following:a. FM subcarrierb. Television broadcastc. Digital cellulard. Dedicated short-range communicati
39、ons (DSRC)e. Beacon unit-to-unit transfer3.3 Advanced Transportation Management Systems (ATMS)An array of institutional, human, hardware, andsoftware components designed to optimize traffic flow on roadways, including managing signals and lanes,ramp metering, and road pricing.3.4 AttributeA defined
40、characteristic of an entity type. (NIST, 1992) Within a digital map database, attributevalues of the digital object representation of an entity are typically alpha-numeric data within well-definedranges.3.5 Base MapA map portraying background reference information onto which other information is pla
41、ced. Basemaps usually show the location and extent of natural Earth surface features and fixed position man-madeobjects. (Krzanowski et al, 1993)SAE J2374 Issued JUL1999-5-3.6 BeaconA roadside device for transmitting information to nearby passing vehicles. Beacons are typicallyelectromagnetic device
42、s, operating in near infra-red, radio, or microwave frequencies.3.7 CellAn element of a space that has been subdivided into regular tiles by tessellation. (Krzanowski et al,1993)3.8 ChainAn ordered sequence of connected lines.3.9 Computer-Aided Design (CAD)A combination of hardware and software used
43、 to assist people in thedesign of structures, devices, and plans, e.g., road networks.3.10 (Ground) ControlA system of points with established horizontal and vertical positions that are used as fixedreferences in positioning and relating map features. (NIST, 1992)3.11 CoordinatesPairs of numbers exp
44、ressing horizontal distances along orthogonal axes; alternatively, tripletsof numbers measuring horizontal and vertical distances. (NIST, 1992)3.12 DatumA set of parameters and control points used to accurately define the three-dimensional shape of theEarth (e.g., as an ellipsoid). The corresponding
45、 datum is the basis for a planar coordinate system. (MnDOT1993)3.13 Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC)General category of devices and methods oftransferring information from roadside to vehicle and vice-versa.3.14 Digital Map DatabaseA structured set of digital and alpha-numeric data that p
46、ortray geographic locationsand relationships of spatial features. Typically, such structures represent, but are not limited to the digital formof hard copy maps. For example, CAD drawings may be imported into a GIS and considered a form of digitalbase map.3.15 Geodetic DatumA mathematical model of t
47、he Earths shape. (Krzanowski et al, 1993) A geometric set offive quantities which serves as a locational reference or base for other quantities. The five quantities are thelatitude and longitude of an initial point, the azimuth of a line from this point and two constants necessary todefine the terre
48、strial spheroid. (MnDOT 1993)3.16 Geographic Information System (GIS)A computer software system for the collection, integration,management, analysis, and display of geographic data with which spatial information may be captured, stored,analyzed, displayed, and retrieved. (Krzanowski et al, 1993)3.17
49、 GeoidAn equi-gravitational potential surface around the Earth such that each point on the surface is normalto the direction of gravity; coincides with mean sea level of the oceans. (Krzanowski et al, 1993)3.18 GridA set of grid cells forming a regular, or nearly regular, tessellation of a surface. The tessellation isregular if formed by repeating the pattern of a regular polygon, such as a square, equilateral triangle, or regularhexagon. The tessellation is nearly regular if formed by repeating the pattern of an “almost
