1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (412) 772-8512 FAX: (412) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER; (412) 776-4970 FAX: (412) 776-0790Copyright 1997 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ2319ISSUEDAPR97Issued 1997-
4、04LOW-SPEED IMPACT BUMPER SYSTEM TEST PROCEDURE FOR PASSENGER VEHICLESForewordThis SAE Recommended Practice establishes a complete test procedure to evaluate the impactresistance of passenger vehicles in low-speed front and rear impacts. It is a replacement for SAE J980a Procedureas written by the P
5、assenger Car Bumper Committee in July of 1971 which used only a pendulum as the impactingdevice.1. ScopeThe scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is restricted to the testing of original equipment onpassenger vehicles and to provide for a uniform industry test procedure.1.1 PurposeThe purpose of th
6、is document is to define a test procedure for evaluating bumper systems, utilizingboth pendulum and fixed barrier impact testing.1.2 Field of ApplicationThe test consists of longitudinal and angular pendulum impacts into a stationaryvehicle and moving vehicle impacts into a stationary flat barrier.1
7、.3 Product ClassificationThis document applies to passenger motor vehicles other than multipurposepassenger vehicles.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. The latest issue of publications shall apply.2.1.1
8、SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonweatlh Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J222Parking Lamps (Front Position Lamps)SAE J585Tail Lamps (Rear Position Lamps) for Use on Motor Vehicles Less Than 2032 mm in OverallWidthSAE J586Stop Lamps for Use on Motor Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in Over
9、all WidthSAE J588Turn Signal Lamps for Use on Motor Vehicles Less than 2032 mm in Overall WidthSAE J592Clearance, Side Marker, and Identification LampsSAE J593Backup Lamps (Reversing Lamps)SAE J599Lighting Inspection CodeSAE J602Headlamp Aiming Device for Mechanically Aimable Headlamp UnitsSAE J980
10、CANCELLEDBumper Evaluation Test Procedure, Passenger CarsSAE J1319Fog Tail Lamp (Rear Fog Lamp) SystemsSAE J2087Daytime Running LampsSAE J2319 Issued APR97-2-2.1.2 FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY REGULATIONAvailable from the Superintendent of Documents, U. S.Government Printing Office, Mail Stop: SSOP,
11、 Washington, DC 20402-9320.Title 49 CFR, Part 581Bumper StandardFMVSS definitions, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 CFR 571.3FMVSS 1082.1.3 CANADA MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARDAvailable from Transport Canada, Road Safety and MotorVehicle Regulation Directorate, P.O. Box 8880, Ottawa Post Termin
12、al, Ottawa, Ontario, K1G.3J2.CMVSS No. 108CMVSS No. 2152.1.4 OTHER APPLICABLE REFERENCESIndividual state laws if applicableMotor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, P.L. 92-513,15 U.S.C. 1901-19913. DefinitionsAll terms defined in the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act, P.L. 92-513
13、, 15 U.S.C.1901-1991, are used as defined therein.3.1 Unloaded Vehicle WeightThe weight of a vehicle with maximum capacity of all fluids and lubricantsnecessary for operation of the vehicle, but without occupants or cargo.3.2 Maximum Option Vehicle WeightThe “unloaded vehicle weight” of a vehicle mo
14、del when it is equipped withmaximum weight available factory installed options on the particular model.3.3 Passenger CarMeans a motor vehicle with motive power, except a multipurpose passenger vehicle,motorcycle, or trailer, designed for carrying 10 persons or less.3.4 Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle
15、Means a motor vehicle with motive power, except a trailer, designed tocarry 10 persons or less which is constructed either on a truck chassis or with special features for occasionaloff-road operation.3.5 Bumper Face BarAny component of the bumper system that contacts the impact ridge of the impactpe
16、ndulum test device or any component that is part of the same load-bearing structure.4. Technical Requirements4.1 Test Facilities4.1.1 Impact pendulum test device (IPTD) construction and characteristics are described and shown in Figures 1and 2.4.1.1.1 The IPTDs impacting block shall be contoured as
17、specified in Figures 1 and 2. The impact ridge is madeof AISI steel with a minimum hardness of 30 Rockwell C.4.1.1.2 The IPTD shall be constructed in such a way as to maintain Plane A vertical within 0.25 degree and theimpact line horizontal within 0.25 degree from release until the onset of rebound
18、.4.1.1.3 Planes A and B of the IPTD shall be instrumented to measure the longitudinal contact force during impacttests. Capabilities shall exist for recording contact loads to at least 1140 kg (2500 lb) on each contactplane. Methods shall be used to compensate for inertial induced errors. The system
19、s accuracy shall bedemonstrated prior to the initiation of testing.SAE J2319 Issued APR97-3-FIGURE 1BUMPER IMPACT PENDULUM TEST DEVICE WITH “PLANE B” INSTALLEDSAE J2319 Issued APR97-4-FIGURE 2BUMPER IMPACT PENDULUM TEST DEVICE WITH “PLANE A” ONLYSAE J2319 Issued APR97-5-4.1.1.4 The arc described by
20、any point on the impact line shall be constant, with a minimum radius of 3.35 m(11ft), and lie in a plane perpendicular to Plane A of the IPTD.4.1.1.5 The test area for the IPTD impacts is a flat, level, rigid surface large enough to allow proper positioning ofthe test vehicle, and that does not res
21、trict vehicle motion during impact.4.1.1.6 The height of the IPTDs impact line from the test surface must be adjustable over the range of the bumperface bar build heights.4.1.1.7 The effective Impact Pendulum Test Devices (IPTD) impacting mass shall be within +11 to 0 kg (+25 to0lb) of the measured
22、mass of the test vehicle. Its mass is comprised of the pendulum box, ballast, impactridge, Plane A, Plane B (when used), all instrumentation and hardware mounted on the pendulum box, andeffective mass of the pendulum arms (as designed by each test facility).4.1.1.8 Center of percussion of the IPTD s
23、hall be located on the impact line.4.1.2 FIXED COLLISION BARRIER4.1.2.1 The barriers impact surface must be sufficiently large so that when struck by the test vehicle no portion ofthe vehicle projects or passes beyond its surface.4.1.2.2 When struck by the test vehicle, the surface and the barriers
24、supporting structure shall not absorb anysignificant portion of the vehicles kinetic energy.4.1.2.3 The barriersvehiclecontactinstrumentedsurfacetomeasureimpactforcescanbefacedwith19mm(3/4 in) thick plywood.4.1.2.4 The approach to the barrier shall be a horizontal surface that is large enough for th
25、e vehicle to attain astable attitude and speed before impact and will not restrict vehicle motion during impact.4.2 Test EquipmentAll instrumentation is to be calibrated as required. Record instrumentation details and dateof calibration unless the information is otherwise preserved in the testing la
26、boratory records.4.2.1 A speed transducer, fifth wheel tachometer generator, light trap or equivalent is used to indicate impactspeed within 0.17 km/h (1/10 mph) of programmed impact speed.4.2.2 The vehicle propulsion system shall provide accurate, continuous, and longitudinal alignment of the testv
27、ehicle as it is towed toward the impact barrier that is perpendicular to the line of travel of the vehicle. Thevehicle towing device shall disengage from the test vehicle just before vehicle contact with the barrier.4.2.3 A protractor or similar equipment should be available for measuring vehicle an
28、gular position relative to theimpact pendulum test device.4.2.4 A wheel alignment John Bean “Visualiner,” Hunter, or equivalent device should be available.4.2.5 Mechanical headlamp aiming devices conforming to SAE J602 or process as recommended by themanufacturer.4.2.6 TIRE PRESSURE GAGESAE J2319 Is
29、sued APR97-6-4.2.7 VEHICLE WEIGHT SCALE4.2.8 Photographic equipment capable of obtaining both still and high-speed motion pictures of the test vehicle forboth pre- and post-test conditions are required. All still and motion pictures of a test are to contain anidentifying test placard.4.2.8.1 The hig
30、h-speed color cameras shall operate at a minimum speed of 500 frames per second and capable ofviewing at least 1/2 of the test vehicles length throughout each impact condition. The recommendedplacement of cameras is as follows:a. Barrier overhead aligned on the center of the vehicle.b. Barrier sidev
31、iew in as close proximity as possible to the vehicle, perpendicular to the vehicle path, andapproximately the same height as the leading edge of the vehicle surface to be impacted.c. A supplemental hand-held camera (high-speed not required) may be used as needed.4.2.8.2 The photographs shall be glos
32、sy color 8 x 10-in prints and properly focused for clear images. As aminimum, the following pre- and post-test photographs shall be included for each test vehicles test data.a. Full front view and/or rear viewb. 3/4 left front and/or rear viewc. 3/4 right front and/or rear viewd. Underside view of t
33、est vehicles bumper impact energy absorption system without any disassembly4.2.8.2.1 Document with photographs in the event of a test incident, such as:a. Test vehicle underhood views including engine mounts, fuel, cooling, exhaust, braking, and steeringsystem componentsb. Test vehicle underbody vie
34、ws including fuel supply and return lines, vapor lines, cooling, exhaust,propulsion, braking, steering, and suspension systemsc. Views that show the vehicles bumper face bar and adjacent body panels, filler panels, and decorativemoldingsd. Any loss of fluid from the test vehicle during or immediatel
35、y following impacts4.2.8.2.2 The impacted area of the test vehicle shall be photographed and shall be suitably identified. The subjectarea being photographed shall be adequately illuminated. The photographs will be used as an aid indetermining whether any damage is “normally observable.” Damage that
36、 is visible to the unaided eye ina good quality photographic print of the questionable area will be considered “normally observable.”4.2.9 Safety equipment as necessary to protect people and facilities.4.3 Test Vehicle4.3.1 A vehicle is selected by a model and body style that is representative of a
37、class of vehicles to be tested.4.3.2 The same test vehicle shall be used for a complete test sequence (i.e., pendulum impacts and then barrier)on a given bumper system, front or rear. The same vehicle need not be used for both front and rear bumpersystem tests.4.3.3 The vehicle shall be tested at th
38、e maximum option vehicle weight included in the class of vehicles underconsideration.4.3.4 Ballast, if necessary, the test vehicle to within +11 to 0 kg (+25 to 0 lb) of the vehicle test mass, including totalfront and rear wheel reaction, by adding ballast as required. Added ballast is to be secured
39、 so it does notcontact the components that are being evaluated or cause ride height change during the test. The vehicletest weight shall include the upper positive level production mass variation.SAE J2319 Issued APR97-7-4.3.5 The test vehicle is to be stabilized at a temperature between 32 C to 16
40、C (90 F to 60 F) before eachimpact test.4.4 Test Vehicle Preparation4.4.1 The test vehicle shall be prepared and inspected prior to the test. Vehicle inspections are permitted betweenimpacts but no repairs or adjustments are allowed4.4.1.1 The vehicle is to be at maximum option vehicle weight.4.4.1.
41、2 The tires are to be inflated to the vehicle manufacturers recommended pressure for the specified loadingcondition.4.4.1.3 The exterior lamps and reflective devices, except license plate lamps are to be free of cracks and meet thevisibility requirements of FMVSS 108.4.4.1.4 The aim of each headlamp
42、 and front fog lamp shall be adjusted to within the beam aim inspection limits inSAE J599.4.4.1.5 The hood, trunk, and doors shall operate in the normal manner.4.4.1.6 The fuel and cooling systems shall have no leaks or constricted fluid passages. All sealing devices,radiator, and fuel filler caps s
43、hall operate in the normal manner.4.4.1.7 The exhaust system shall have no leaks or constrictions.4.4.1.8 The propulsion, suspension, steering, and braking systems are to be in adjustment and operating in thenormal manner.4.4.1.9 The fuel tank has been filled with fuel or other approved test liquid
44、to at least rated capacity.4.4.1.10 The exterior protection bumper systems are to be properly assembled with their fasteners torqued withinproduction specifications.4.4.1.11 The bumper to body clearances are to be within production specifications.4.4.1.12 If the vehicle is equipped with an automatic
45、 leveling system, the system should be checked for properoperation.4.4.1.13 Vehicle exterior surfaces shall be inspected for scratches, nicks, separations and other imperfections of thedecorative coatings/finishes, and ripples, dents, or other displacements/deviations from original contour orpositio
46、ns of exterior surfaces. All such imperfections are to be identified and recorded prior to testing.4.4.1.14 The vehicle shall be reviewed for loose or improper connections of fasteners or joints with specialemphasis placed on areas surrounding the bumper systems with irregularities corrected to with
47、inproduction specifications.4.4.1.15 If the bumper system is equipped with a pressure vessel to absorb the impact energy, inspect for leakinggas or fluid.4.4.1.16 The bumpers, shielding panels, and adjacent exterior panels near the bumper systems are photographedfor documentation purposes.SAE J2319
48、Issued APR97-8-4.4.1.17 Perform a front wheel alignment check and also a rear wheel check if alignment is specified for the testvehicle. If the alignment values exceed the design specifications, align the wheels to be within thespecifications.4.4.1.18 If the vehicle is equipped with a manual levelin
49、g system (load levelers), the system should be set per theOwners Manual instructions.4.4.1.19 Trailer hitches and license brackets are to be removed from the test vehicle. The test vehicle is to have anyavailable optional production installed equipment such as running lamps, fog lamps, and componentsmounted on the bumper system which could contact the impact ridge of the impact pendulum test deviceor affect bumper system performance.4.4.2 TEST VEHICLE DRIVEABILITY EVALUATION4.4.2.1 An experienced observer shall drive the vehicle to determine tha
