1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 1+ 724-776-4970 (outside US
4、A) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2275_201001SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDJ2275 JAN2010 Issued 1996-07 Revised 2010-01 Superseding J227
5、5 APR2007 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston Ring-Grooves RATIONALEThis standard was updated to delete references to the SAE standards because they have been obsoleted and superseded by the ISO documents. Additionally some of the figures were updated for clarity. 1. SCOPE There is no ISO standard equ
6、ivalent to this SAE Standard. This SAE standard identifies and defines the most commonly used terms for piston ring-groove characteristics, specifies dimensioning for groove widths, and demonstrates the methodology for calculation of piston groove root diameter. The requirements of this document app
7、ly to pistons and rings of reciprocating internal combustion engines and compressors working under analogous conditions, up to and including 200 mm diameter and 4.5 mm width for compression rings and 8.0 mm width for oil rings. The specifications in this document assume that components are measured
8、at an ambient temperature of 20 C (68 F). Tolerances specified in this document represent practical functional limits and do not imply process capabilities. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein.SAE J2275
9、 Revised JAN2010 Page 2 of 272.1.1 ISO Publications Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org.TR refers to Technical Report. ISO 6621/1 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsVocabulary ISO 6621/2 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsMeasuri
10、ng Principles ISO 6621/3 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsMaterial Specifications ISO 6621/4 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsGeneral Specifications ISO 6621/5 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsQuality Requirements ISO 6622/1 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsRectangular Rings
11、ISO 6222/2 TR Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsRectangular Rings With Narrow Ring Width ISO 6623 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsScraper Rings ISO 6624/1 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsKeystone Rings ISO 6624/2 TR Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsHalf Keystone Rings ISO 66
12、25 Internal Combustion EnginesPiston RingsOil Control Rings ISO 6626 Internal Combustion EnginesCoil Spring Loaded Oil Control Rings ISO 6627 TR Internal Combustion EnginesExpander/Segment Oil Control Rings ISO 6507/3 Metallic MaterialsHardness TestVickers TestPart 3: Less Than HV 0.2 3. PISTON GROO
13、VE NOMENCLATURE (See Figure 1.) SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 3 of 27FIGURE 1A - PISTON GROOVE NOMENCLATURE GrooveTop Side Groove TopO.D. ChamferRadial BackClearanceGroove RootDiameterSideClearanceRing and GrooveBottom SideGrooveBottom O.D.ChamferID Radius(or Chamfer)RingWidthGrooveWidthGrooveRoot
14、FilletRadiusFIGURE 1B - PISTON RECTANGULAR GROOVE NOMENCLATURE SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 4 of 27Groove Top Side Groove Top O.D. Chamfer Radial BackClearanceGroove Root DiameterSide Clearance at Gage Point Ring and Groove Bottom Side Groove Bottom O.D. Chamfer Groove Root Fillet RadiusID Radius
15、(or Chamfer)Ring Width at Gage Point Groove Width at Gage Point h3 Ring Gage Height a6Ring Gage Point Groove Included Angle FIGURE 1C - PISTON KEYSTONE GROOVE NOMENCLATURE 4. PISTON GROOVE TERM DEFINITIONS 4.1 Piston Vertical Axis The geometric axis of the piston skirt. To establish the piston verti
16、cal axis it requires alignment of a minimum of 8 points with 4 target points on each of two datum planes. See Figure 2. FIGURE 2 - PISTON VERTICAL AXIS SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 5 of 274.2 Wind (also “Winde”) This term means the planar tilt of the ring groove sides to the piston vertical axis,
17、or ring groove squareness over a given distance to the piston vertical axis. See Figure 3. FIGURE 3 - WIND (ALSO “WINDE”) 4.3 Circumferential Groove Waviness (also “Wave”) Ring groove axial undulations are measured circumferentially over 360 degrees of the ring groove, and frequently specified over
18、shorter defined intervals. See Figure 4. FIGURE 4 - CIRCUMFERENTIAL GROOVE WAVINESS (ALSO “WAVE”) SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 6 of 274.4 Ring Groove Chatter (also “Chatter”) Tool marks in the surface of the groove sides. These are of a higher frequency than waviness yet lower than surface roughne
19、ss. See Figure 5. FIGURE 5 - RING GROOVE CHATTER (ALSO “CHATTER”) 4.5 Groove Side Surface Finish (also “Roughness”) The surface texture of the top and bottom sides of the ring grooves. Generally measured radially in the ring groove to factor out wave and chatter contribution. See Figure 6. FIGURE 6
20、- GROOVE SIDE SURFACE FINISH (ALSO “ROUGHNESS”) SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 7 of 274.6 Groove Radial Profile (also “Groove Profile”) This refers to the radial straightness of the ring groove sides usually measured over a minimum of 2/3s of the radial depth of the ring groove side. See Figure 7. F
21、IGURE 7 - GROOVE RADIAL PROFILE (ALSO “GROOVE PROFILE”) 4.7 Radial Tilt (also “Inclination”) Is the downward, zero, or upward slope of the ring grooves. This can be intentionally specified to enhance ring performance. Illustrated is upward tilt of compression grooves. See Figures 8 and 9. FIGURE 8 -
22、 EXAMPLE OF RADIAL UPWARD TILT (ALSO “INCLINATION”) Example of Upward Tilt SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 8 of 27FIGURE 9 - EXAMPLE OF UPWARD RADIAL TILT KEYSTONE GROOVES (ALSO “INCLINATION”) 4.8 Ring Groove Depth Is the radial distance from the root of the ring groove to the largest adjacent land.
23、Ring groove depth can vary with runout differences of the ring groove root and land diameters to the piston vertical axis, ring groove root or land roundness variation, or addition of land ovality. See Figure 10. FIGURE 10 - RING GROOVE DEPTH Example of Upward Tilt SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 9 o
24、f 274.9 Groove Root Runout Relative to the piston vertical axis. See Figure 11. PistonVerticalAxis RminRmaxGrooveRootTraceRunout = Rmax - RminGroove RootDeviation fromPiston VerticalFIGURE 11 - GROOVE ROOT RUNOUTSAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 10 of 274.10 Groove Root to Land Runout This refers to th
25、e Ring Groove Root Diameter runout to the adjacent land diameter. See Figure 12. Groove RootVertical AxisRminRmaxPistonLandTraceRunout = Rmax - RminPiston LandDeviation fromGroove RootVertical AxisFIGURE 12 - GROOVE ROOT TO LAND RUNOUT 4.11 Ring Groove Side Parallelism (Rectangular Grooves Only) All
26、 points of one groove side are equidistant from the perpendicular corresponding points on the other groove side. See Figure 13. FIGURE 13 - RING GROOVE SIDE PARALLELISM SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 11 of 274.12 Land Run Out This term is the piston land diameter run out to the piston vertical axis.
27、 See Figure 14. PistonVerticalAxis RminRmaxPistonLandTraceRunout = Rmax - RminPiston LandDeviation fromPiston Vertical AxisFIGURE 14 - LAND RUNOUT 4.13 Land Offset This term refers to the intentional offset of the ring land vertical axis to the piston vertical axis for any number of ring lands. May
28、be added as a design feature. See Figure 15. PistonVertical AxisPiston LandVertical AxisPiston LandOffsetFIGURE 15 - LAND OFFSET SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 12 of 274.14 Land Profile This refers to the vertical shape of the ring lands of a piston. There may be a design feature (i.e. taper, barrel
29、, etc.) that accommodates for thermal expansion, and mechanical clearance, of the ring lands. See Figure 16. FIGURE 16 - LAND TAPER 4.15 Land Ovality Land ovality is a design feature that will compensate for cylinder bore and piston shape changes due to thermal conditions. The major axis of the oval
30、ity may be designed on an axis other than the skirt or pin axis. Ovality is defined as the major minus the minor diameter of the land (positive ovality is shown in the figure). There are applications with asymmetric and non-oval circumferential profiles. See Figure 17. FIGURE 17 - LAND OVALITY SAE J
31、2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 13 of 275. PISTON RING AND GROOVE WIDTH 5.1 Widths of Rectangular Compression Rings, Oil Control Rings, and Mating Piston Grooves 5.1.1 Rectangular Compression Rings Typical Nominal Ring and Groove widths that may be used are (mm) 0.80, 1.00, 1.20, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, 2.50, 3
32、.00, 3.50, 4.00, 4.50 Typical Ring Width Tolerance: Typical Groove Width Tolerance (See Note 4) -0.010/-0.030 mm +0.030/+0.050 mm (Spark Ignition Engines) -0.010/-0.040 mm +0.040/+0.060 mm (Compression Ignition Engines) -0.010/-0.030 mm +0.040/+0.060 mm (Two Stroke Engines) Typical Minimum Ring to G
33、roove Clearance for Uncoated Rings (Min Groove Width - Max Ring Width): 0.040 mm (Bore 125mm) NOTE 1: For all engine applications, the second ring to groove clearance is typically 0.010 mm narrower than the clearances above.NOTE 2: For small bore engine applications (approximately 80 mm or less) or
34、compressor applications, the ring to groove clearance is typically 0.010 mm narrower than the clearances above. NOTE 3: For small IDI diesel engines with top ring groove protector, top ring to groove clearance are typically 0.010 mm wider than the clearances above. NOTE 4: Dimensions apply to uncoat
35、ed rings and untreated ring grooves. Applications with coating and groove treatment must be considered on a case-by-case basis. 5.1.2 Three Piece Oil Rings Typical Nominal Ring and Groove width that may be used are (mm) 2.00, 2.50, 3.00, 3.50, 4.00 Typical Groove Width Tolerance: +0.030/+0.050 mm 5.
36、1.3 One and Two Piece Oil Rings Typical Nominal Ring and Groove width that may be used are (mm) 2.00, 2.50, 3.00, 3.50, 4.00, 4.50, 5.00, 6.00, 7.00, 8.00 Typical Ring Width Tolerance: Typical Groove Width Tolerance: -0.010/-0.030 +0.030/+0.050 (Spark Ignition Engine) -0.010/-0.040 +0.030/+0.055 (Co
37、mpression Ignition Engine) Minimum Ring to Groove Clearance (Min Groove Width - Max Ring Width): 0.020 mm (Bore 3.0) 0.040 mm (Bore 125 mm) Maximum Ring to Groove Clearance (Min Groove Width - Max Groove Width): 0.060 mm (Bore 3.0) 0.095 mm (Bore 125mm) SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 14 of 275.2 Wid
38、ths of Keystone Rings and Mating Piston Grooves Industry Reference Ring and Groove Width FIGURE 18 - INDUSTRY REFERENCE RING AND GROOVE WIDTH 5.2.1 Keystone Ring Width Definition, Measurement Method Measurement methods for keystone ring width should be in accordance with ISO 6624. 5.2.2 Keystone Gro
39、ove Width Definition, Measurement Method Typically specified on the print as a diameter measured over gage pins. Reading is then translated into a vertical width dimension, W. See Figure 18. diameter over pingage pinRef: ring gageheight a6gage pindiametermeasured fromland. Typ. 1.5mmgroove width Wga
40、ge distance specifiedfrom land diameterFIGURE 19 - KEYSTONE GROOVE WIDTH DEFINITION SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 15 of 27Where a nominal groove width dimension is specified on the print, it is recommended that the datum for the gage distance (typical 1.5 mm) is the largest adjacent land, not the c
41、ylinder bore diameter. See Figure 18. 5.2.3 Keystone Ring-to-Groove Clearance, Calculation Clearance should be calculated and specified in the vertical plane. Typical ring and groove designs have asymmetrical angles, therefore the clearance could be specified at the ID, OD, and Gage point of the rin
42、g/groove. See Figure 20.C“C2“C1CC2C = C + C“C2 = C2 + C2“gagea6Side clearance interpretationoptions (ID, OD, Gage point)with dis-similar ring &groove angles.The ring is flushwith the largestadjacent land.FIGURE 20 - KEYSTONE RING-TO-GROOVE CLEARANCE The ID and OD clearances (C1 and C2) method should
43、 assume maximum material conditions (mmc). Minimum clearance may occur at either C1 or C2. The clearance at the gage point should be checked at nominal dimensions. Recommended clearances are specified in Table 1. See Figure 20. SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 16 of 275.2.3.1 Keystone Ring Groove Clea
44、rance Calculation See Figure 21 for an example calculation. C“ CC = C + C“ Gagea6 The ring is flush with the largest adjacent land. L = Largest adjacent land diameter FIGURE 21 - KEYSTONE RING GROOVE CLEARANCE (EXAMPLE CALCULATION) vz = Radial Distance from Center of Pin to Gage Point = (D-d)/2 - (L
45、/2 - g) (Eq. 1) az = Radial Gage Point to Tangent Point = (d/2)sin(A/2) vk = Axial Distance From Tangent Point to Gage Point = (vz - az)tan(A/2) cz = Axial Height from Pin Center to Tangent Point = (d/2)cos(A/2) kx = Width of Groove at Gage Point = 2(cz-vk) C = Clearance at Gage Point = kx-jx The re
46、sultant reference clearance C should then fall within the recommended limits. Recommended clearances should not be the starting point of ring or groove dimension calculations. 5.2.4 Keystone Groove Reference Clearance Recommendations Keystone compression ring tolerances - reference ISO 6624. Piston
47、groove dimensions, typical tolerances, 15 degree included angle: Diameter over Pin: 0.12 Piston land diameter: 0.10 Land run-out to piston axis: 0.05 Keystone groove, bottom side angle: 0.083 degree (5 minutes) Keystone groove, included angle: 0.125 degree (7.5 minutes) Keystone ring, bottom side an
48、gle: 0.2 degree (12 minutes) Keystone ring, included angle: 0.2 degree (12 minutes) Ring groove run-out to piston axis: 0.10 SAE J2275 Revised JAN2010 Page 17 of 27Heavy-duty engine applications (100 to 200 mm), typical 15 degree included angle. Measured at the ring gage distance a6 from largest adj
49、acent land diameter. See Table 1. TABLE 1 - NOMINAL KEYSTONE GROOVE CLEARANCE AT GAGE POINT(HEAVY-DUTY APPLICATIONS) Reference Clearance Range minReference Clearance Range maxTop Keystone 0.090 0.140 2nd Keystone 0.060 0.110 Small bore engine applications, typical 15 degree included angle. Measured at the ring gage distance a6 from largest adjacent land diameter. See Table
