1、 _ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVU eport is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is
2、 the soOHUHVSRQVLELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
3、be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1986_201603 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1986 MAR2016 Issued 1993-02 Revised 2016-03 S
5、uperseding J1986 APR2001 Balance Weight and Rim Flange Design Specifications, Test Procedures, and Performance Recommendations RATIONALE This document is being revised to add a shear force value when testing the Adhesive Weight removal, Paragraph 8.7.8. Test procedures 8.3, 8.7.6,10.01 were updated.
6、 1. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice is intended to serve as a guide for standardization of features, dimensions, and configurations of balance weights for aluminum and steel wheels intended for use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpose vehicles to assure good installation and retenti
7、on of the balance weight. This document also provides test procedures and minimum performance requirements for testing balance weight retention. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indica
8、ted, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J393 Nomenclature - Wheels, Hubs, and Rims f
9、or Commercial Vehicles 2.1.2 Tire & Rim Association Publication Available from The Tire & Rim Association, Inc., 175 Montrose West Avenue, Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321, Tel: 330-666-8121, www.us-tra.org. Tire & Rim Association Yearbook Reference document for Adhesive Wet-Out can be purchased from ISH
10、 Standards Store at . SAE INTERNATIONAL J1986 MAR2016 Page 2 of 12 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 BALANCE WEIGHT ASSEMBLY An assembly of the weight and the clip which is intended for mounting on the rim flange to balance the tire/wheel assembly about its axis of rotation and thus minimize vibrations due to the
11、rotation of the tire/wheel assembly. 3.1.1 Adhesive Weight These weights are used to correct imbalance as in 3.1 and are placed on the inner rim diameter behind the spokes and on the inner diameter at a specified location on the inboard surface. 3.1.2 Weight A specified mass with contours to conform
12、 to the surface of the rim flange for clip on weights. Adhesive weights are a dense mass that can be formed to fit the inner rim diameter. 3.1.3 Clip Specially formed metal affixed to the weight to mount the balance weight on the rim flange. 3.1.4 Spur An optional part of a clip protruding from its
13、surface interfacing with the rim flange that can enhance retention. 3.1.5 Balance Weight Coating Noncorrosive material coating to prevent corrosion. 3.1.6 Balance Weight Key Dimensions Dimensions which are essential for fitting the clip on balance weight on the rim flange. 3.1.7 Balance Weight Size
14、The balance weight size is determined by the magnitude of the balance weight mass and is expressed in gm (oz). 3.1.8 Balance Weight Retention Force A static force required to remove the balance weight from the rim flange as set forth in Section 8. A shear force is required to test retention of the a
15、dhesive weight at its designated location on the inner rim diameter. To achieve proper retention for the adhesive weight DZHW -RXWRILVUHTXLUHGDVGHILQHLQGRFXPHQW*06WDQGDUG*0: 1. 3.1.9 Balance Weight Retention The ability of the balance weight to maintain its secure position on the rim flange and at a
16、n adhesive weight location during various service conditions on the road as well as in the laboratory. 3.1.10 Interference The measure of clip on balance weight press fit computed as the difference between the flange thickness and the weight gap. This does not apply to Adhesive Weights. 3.1.11 For f
17、urther definitions and descriptions of nomenclature of clip on balance weights, see Figure 1. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1986 MAR2016 Page 3 of 12 3.1.12 Rim Flange That part of the rim where the clip on balance weight is mounted. 3.1.12.1 Rim Flange Key Dimensions Dimensions which are essential for fitting
18、 the clip on balance weight on the rim flange. 3.1.12.2 For further definitions and descriptions of nomenclature of rim flange features, see Figure 2 and Figure 3. 4. BALANCE WEIGHT ASSEMBLY TYPES Clip on balance weight types are identified and marked by letter codes (Table 1). Four different types
19、of clip on balance weights have been evaluated and recommended for use in the Industry: P, C, T, and MC (see Figure 4). Adhesive Weights DUHQRWFRQVLGHUHGWREHSDUWRI$VVHPEO7SHV Table 1 - Typical application chart clip on balance weight selection Wheel Rim Type Weight Type Weight Gap Spur Depth Flange
20、Lip Thickness Flange Offset Reference Figure Number 7 Steel Rolled Flange & Light Alloy Rolled Flange C P T MC 1.6-2.0 2.0-2.4 2.7-3.1 4.1-4.5 NA NA NA 0.7-1.1 2.0-2.7 2.7-3.3 3.4-4.6 5.0-6.0 10 1.2 10 1.2 10 1.2 10 1.2 Reference Figure Number 6 Full Face Light Alloy, Steel, Clad T 2.7-3.1 NA 3.4-4.
21、6 10 1.2 Reference Figure Number 5 Light Alloy Machined MC 4.1-4.5 0.7-1.1 5.0-6.0 7.6 .5 NOTE: Wheels with Flange Lip thickness or tolerances outside of the typical ranges may require different Flange Offsets to meet retention Force targets. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1986 MAR2016 Page 4 of 12 Figure 1 - B
22、alance weight assembly terminology SAE INTERNATIONAL J1986 MAR2016 Page 5 of 12 Figure 2 - Machined aluminum wheel rim flange terminology Figure 3 - Roll formed wheel rim flange terminology SAE INTERNATIONAL J1986 MAR2016 Page 6 of 12 Figure 4 - Balance weight assembly types 5. RIM FLANGE TYPES Rim
23、flange types are identified by letter codes. Rim flange types covered by this document are: J, JB, and JJ. Alternate rim flange types, for example L, currently in use are not included. Configurations of these rim flanges are shown in the Tire & Rim Association (TRA) yearbook. Dimensions shown in the
24、 TRA book are limited to those pertaining to the rim flange contour on the tire side and do not include dimensions on the balance weight side. Recommended rim flange dimensions and configurations on the balance weight side are discussed in Section 6 and are shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7. 6. RECOMMEND
25、ED RIM FLANGE FEATURES, DIMENSIONS, AND CONFIGURATIONS 6.1 Light Alloy Machined Recommended rim flange features, dimensions, and configurations are shown in Figure 5. The rim flanges shown in Figure 5 are intended for MC type balance weights. 6.2 Steel and Light Alloy Rolled Rims 5HFRPPHQGHGULPIODQJ
26、HIHDWXUHVGLPHQVLRQVDQGFRQILJXUDWLRQVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJX UHDQGXVHWKH&370&WSHweights. 6.3 Fabricated, Full Face Wheels, Light Alloy Wheels 5HFRPPHQGHGULPIODQJHIHDWXUHVGLPHQVLRQVDQGFRQILJXUDWLRQVDUHVKRZQLQ )LJXUHDUHLQWHQGHGIRUWKH7WSHweight. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1986 MAR2016 Page 7 of 12 7. BALANCE WEIGHT ASSE
27、MBLY SELECTION Recommended balance weights for different rim types are shown in Table 1. 8. TEST PROCEDURE - AXIAL REMOVAL TEST 8.1 Preparation of Clip on Balance Weights for Test 8.1.1 Selection of Balance Weights For each test use a set of new balance weights of different sizes representative of t
28、he wheel for which they are intended. The balance weights of each size shall be equally divided into two groups each containing the same number. For testing purposes, one group shall be mounted on the outboard flange and the other group on the inboard flange. 8.1.2 Measurements of Dimensions of Bala
29、nce Weights For balance weights intended for Light Alloy wheels, measure weight gap and spur depth (where used). For balance weights intended for steel wheels, measure weight gap only. The measured values of weight gap and spur depth shall be within design specification shown in Table 1. 8.1.3 Marki
30、ng of Balance Weights Individual balance weights of different sizes shall be picked at random from the selected group and marked by using sequential numbers. One half of the group are to be tested on the outboard flange and the other half on the inboard rim flange. 8.2 Preparation of the Wheel 8.2.1
31、 Cleaning Clean the surfaces of the outboard and the inboard rim flanges to remove any dirt or grease by using an OSHA approved solvent such as 50/50 alcohol and water that leaves no residue. 8.2.2 Marking Using a felt pen, make equally spaced marks around the circumference of the outboard and inboa
32、rd flanges to indicate mounting points for each of the balance weights. The flange surface at each mounting point shall be free of scratches, gouges, and welds. 8.2.3 Measurement of Rim Flange Dimensions Measure and record the following dimensions on the outboard and inboard rim flanges: Flange Lip
33、Thickness, Flange Offset, and Flange Width for all Wheel Types and Weight lead in and optional groove location for full Face and Clad Wheels (see Figures 6 and 7). All measured dimensions shall be within design specifications shown in Figures 6 and 7. 8.3 Test Equipment The test equipment shall be c
34、apable of removing the balance weight from the rim flange as well as measuring and reading the maximum force required to initiate movement. 8.3.1 Calibrate Test Equipment Calibrate the equipment load cell using 10Kg. (25 pound.) increment weights designated as Masters up to 45Kg. (100 pound.). Calib
35、ration sequence can be developed at the discretion of the individual test house. 8.4 Test Sequence There is one distinct method to evaluate axial retention. The test shall be conducted using the Pull off Test method (see Figure 10). SAE INTERNATIONAL J1986 MAR2016 Page 8 of 12 8.4.1 Install the clip
36、 on balance weight using a nonmetallic hammer. NOTE: The wire loop shall be located under the weight clip on the inboard and outboard rim flange (see Figure 10). Strike the balance weight in such a manner that one hit properly seats it on the rim flange. 8.4.2 Install the wheel in the test fixture a
37、nd center it on the base of the fixture as shown in Figure 10. 8.4.3 Connect the wire loop to the force indicator. 8.4.4 Set the force indicator on the test equipment to zero. 8.4.5 Gradually increase the force on the lever until the balance weight moves. Record the maximum indicated force. 8.4.6 Di
38、scard the balance weight removed from the rim flange and do not use it in future testing. 8.4.7 Repeat steps 8.4.1 through 8.4.6 for each balance weight to be installed on the inboard and outboard rim flange using small, medium, and large weights (10 weights per side minimum). 8.5 Calibrate load cel
39、l using 10 kg (25 lb) increment weights up to 45 kg (100 lb). 8.6 Performance Requirements The minimum value of clip on balance weight retention force determined in accordance with the Static Test procedure described in Section 8 is shown on Table 2. Table 2 - Clip on balance weight axial force valu
40、es Mass (g) 5 10-15 20, 25, 30, 35 40-80 t90 Min. Force (N) 50 60 150 200 300 8.7 Adhesive weight test procedure for all size weights and wheels. 8.7.1 Adhesive weight removal can use the same test fixture as in Figure 10 except the fixture will be set up to push instead of pull The fixture is to be
41、 calibrated according to the push or pull test using the appropriate fixture head. (see Figure 9 and 10). The push off head should encompass the entire length of the weight being tested as well as the radii of the wheel. 8.7.2 Prepare wheel inner rim surface using an appropriate solvent for cleaning
42、. Allow solvent to dry prior to test. 8.7.2.1 Selection of Adhesive Balance Weights For each test use a set of new weights of different sizes, weights need to be alternately selected by mass increments in the case of cut to length weights where the mass increments are defined in table #2 The test ca
43、n be performed on weights located behind the spokes or at the inner rim outboard location as per Customer requirements. 8.7.3 Remove protective backing from the weight adhesive and apply weight to the correction location on the wheel. 8.7.4 Apply normal load force to the weight using a tool to achie
44、ve a minimum wet out of 85%. A specified tool and force to achieve the required wet out is to be developed by the respective Assembly Process Engineers. The unit is to set for one hour prior to test. Figure 9 shows proper alignment of the tool for all size wheels. A test data sheet is UHFRPPHQGHGWRU
45、HFRUGUHVXOWVDVUHTXLUHGIRUHDFK&XVWRPHU)RULQIRUPDWLRQRQYDOLGDWLRQ RIWKHSHUFHQW:HWRXWUHIHUHQFH*06WDQGDUG*0: 8.7.5 Set up wheel in the test fixture such that the weight can be put into shear by the probe. 8.7.6 Set up the probe to contact the side of the weight and not on any part of the adhesive. 8.7.7
46、 Move the probe down until the weight begins to shear the backing of the adhesive. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1986 MAR2016 Page 9 of 12 8.7.8 When the backing begins to break and the adhesive does not come away from the wheel or the weight, the test is a pass. A testing force value for shear is 410 kPa minute. 9. THE TANGENTIAL TEST METHOD OR SLIDE TEST FOR CLIP ON WEIGHTS ONLY 9.1 Set up the test as per Figure/Diagram 8. 9.2 Apply force at the end of the weight with the tool in a tangential direction at an angle of less then 10 degrees in an effort to begin to move th
