1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2008 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
3、reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-
4、776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1798REAF.JUL2008Issued 1997-01Reaffirmed 2008-07Superseding J1798 JAN1997Recommended Practice for Performance Rating of Electric Vehicle Battery ModulesForewordWith the rapid development and depl
5、oyment of Electric Vehicles, it is important to develop performancestandards and guidelines to ensure components utilized in the manufacturing of Electric Vehicles meetrequirements needed for vehicle operations.The mission of this document as an SAE Recommended Practice is to provide direction for s
6、tandardization ofmethods and techniques to verify and determine performance characteristics of the standard Electric Vehiclebattery modules, as described in SAE J1797 or manufacturers specifications. This document will provide industrythe opportunity to establish and maintain performance standards t
7、o meet vehicle requirements. It is intended thatthe test procedures provide guidance for battery manufacturers, test facilities, and vehicle manufacturers toassess module performance with the same testing platform. This document is a menu for recommended tests thatmay be run as required for comparat
8、ive measurements. It is understood that all module chemistries may not beused at the temperatures specified in any given procedure.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Scope . 21.1 Field of Application . 21.2 Product Classification. 21.3 Form . 22. References . 22.1 Applicable Documents 22.2 Related Documents 33. De
9、finitions. 34. Battery Module Selection . 35. Test Conditions 35.1 Test Samples . 35.2 Test Temperature. 35.3 Temperature Sensing Locations. 35.4 Data Recording 45.5 Sampling Frequency 45.6 Measurement Accuracy 4SAE J1798 Reaffirmed JUL2008-2-5.7 Module Inspection.45.8 Module Conditioning .45.9 Data
10、 Reporting46. Module Performance 46.1 Static Capacity Test (Constant Current Method) 46.2 Static Capacity Test (Constant Power Method)56.3 Charge Retention Test66.4 Charge Acceptance Test 76.5 Peak Power Capability Test76.6 Dynamic Capacity Tests .10Appendix A 131. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice
11、 provides for common test and verification methods to determineElectric Vehicle battery module performance. The document creates the necessary performance standards todetermine (a) what the basic performance of EV battery modules is; and (b) whether battery modules meetminimum performance specificat
12、ion established by vehicle manufacturers or other purchasers. Specific valuesfor these minimum performance specifications are not a part of this document.1.1 Field of ApplicationElectric Vehicles.1.2 Product ClassificationElectrochemical Storage Devices.1.3 FormAn Electric Vehicle propulsion battery
13、 will consist of a battery configuration of several (typically 12 V)modules interconnected in one or more series strings. This document provides test methods to determineperformance of such modules, including but not limited to modules built in accordance with SAE J1797. Use ofthis document is inten
14、ded for independently packaged modules operating at ambient temperature. Testing ofa fully configured propulsion battery system, or battery subsystems designed to operate at elevatedtemperatures, is expected to require additional testing methods beyond those included in this document.2. References2.
15、1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J1715Elect
16、ric Vehicle TerminologySAE J1797Recommended Practice for Packaging of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules2.1.2 OTHER PUBLICATIONSUnited States Advanced Battery Consortium Electric Vehicle Battery Test Procedures Manual, Revision 2,Published January 1996SAE J1798 Reaffirmed JUL2008-3-2.2 Related Publica
17、tionsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not arequired part of this document.SAE TSB 001SAE Technical Standards Board Rules and RegulationsSAE TSB 002SAE Preparation of SAE Technical ReportsSAE J1115Guidelines for Developing and Revising SAE Nomenclature and
18、 DefinitionsSAE ReportFormat Guidelines for Electronic Capture of SAE DocumentsSAE Committee Guidelines Manuals3. DefinitionsSee SAE J1715 for most definitions. The following are not currently in SAE J1715 but may beadded to a later date:3.1 C1/1The constant current required to discharge modules in
19、1 h at 25 C.3.2 C2/2The constant current required to discharge modules in 2 h at 25 C.3.3 C3/3The constant current required to discharge modules in 3 h at 25 C.3.4 P1/1The constant power required to discharge modules in 1 h at 25 C.3.5 P2/2The constant power required to discharge modules in 2 h at 2
20、5 C.3.6 P3/3The constant power required to discharge modules in 3 h at 25 C.4. Battery Module SelectionIf battery modules are constructed to SAE J1797 or other requirements asdefined by vehicle manufacturer, they should first be determined to comply with the physical requirements ofSAE J1797 or othe
21、r vehicle specification, including dimensions, open circuit voltage, mass, and terminations.If the measured performance is to be used to establish or verify battery ratings, modules selected for testingshould be representative of those to be manufactured and delivered to the market.5. Test Condition
22、s5.1 Test SamplesThe number of test samples required to be subjected to each test condition for each test inthis document will be determined by the vehicle manufacturer or other entity requesting tests. A single batterytested does not assure that any production quantity of modules will meet the test
23、ed values obtained.Reporting 1.28 standard deviation values from a statistical sample size of 23 modules will give assurance of90% conformance, but it is not the intention to propose that any or all variations of the tests in this document berun on such a large sample size.5.2 Test TemperatureTestin
24、g shall be performed at a controlled ambient temperature of 25 C unless otherwisespecified within this document. Measured module temperatures shall fall within this range at the start ofdischarge except for tests specifically required to be performed at other temperatures. This may requirecooling to
25、 be applied to reduce the time between the end of a charge or discharge and the beginning of thenext charge or discharge. If required, cooling shall be applied using the manufacturers recommendedtemperature control means, which shall specify the required coolant flow rates, heat transfer properties,
26、 etc.All temperatures have a 2 C tolerance. Designation of both the cooling method and soak time are to bereported in Appendix A.SAE J1798 Reaffirmed JUL2008-4-5.3 Temperature Sensing LocationsA minimum of one ambient temperature measurement and onetemperature measurement per module, insulated from
27、ambient environment, is recommended. Differentbattery manufacturers may recommend specific locations for temperature sensing such as the center of thecase side wall, one of the terminals, or the center of the end wall. As a default, use the center of the side wall.Placement in any of these locations
28、 should not affect the results as long as the device is not exposed toexternal conditions that may skew the readings. The terminal location on a module may require precautions toensure there is no shock hazard. Designation of the temperature sense location should be reported inAppendix A.5.4 Data Re
29、cordingData recording should include time, temperature, voltage, current, visual observations, andprofiles of any data generated by vibration or shock. Data should include a record of any maintenanceperformed on module during test sequence.5.5 Sampling FrequencyAll parameters should be measured and
30、stored at a sample rate adequate to ensurethat all relevant changes in the parameters are recorded for later data analysis. Additionally, for tests involvingshort-term transient conditions (e.g., peak power measurement) both the sampling frequency (typically onceper second) and the time skew between
31、 corresponding current and voltage measurements (typically 0.1 s orless) are important during the critical test periods.5.6 Measurement AccuracyThe equipment should be able to meet the requirements in Table 1:Additionally, the combination of accuracy and sampling rate should be adequate to assure th
32、at importantderived parameters, including accumulated ampere-hours and kilowatt-hours, can be determined within 3%.NOTEVoltage sense leads should be located as close to the terminals as possible to avoid any ambiguousreadings due to resistance, noise, or other sources for error.5.7 Module Inspection
33、All modules should be visually inspected to ensure that no damage has occurred to testmodules during shipping or other handling. The individual weight and volume of each module should bemeasured and recorded prior to testing for a baseline. These measurements may be used to calculate powerlevels or
34、other criteria in test procedures defined later in this document.5.8 Module ConditioningModule(s) should be conditioned in accordance with manufacturers specificationsprior to performing the following tests. However, this is not intended to cycle the module a significant portion ofits life so a maxi
35、mum of 10 cycles is recommended. Peak values for a given test may require a significantnumber of cycles to be run prior to running a given test. This is to be done per the battery manufacturersrecommendations and is to be recorded in Appendix A as PEAK performance.5.9 Data ReportingAppendix A is a r
36、eport template of the expected output from the tests performed. This is tobe used as a guide from which vehicle manufacturers may choose specific tests and derive information.TABLE 1MEASUREMENT ACCURACYParameter AccuracyVoltage 1% of ReadingCurrent 1% of ReadingTemperature 1.0 CSAE J1798 Reaffirmed
37、JUL2008-5-6. Module Performance6.1 Static Capacity Test (Constant Current Method)6.1.1 PURPOSEThe purpose of this test is to establish the ampere hour and energy capacity provided at variousdischarge rates and temperatures as appropriate to establish vehicle application usage. This may be usedas an
38、application screening test to establish a need for sizing thermal management systems and energyperformance. These tests may also verify performance as stated by the manufacturer, therefore 100%discharge is run to a voltage cutoff for these tests not just to rated capacity.The capacity and energy at
39、C3/3 at 25 C are the recommended values for ratings of battery types. In theindustry, terms such as specific energy and energy density should use this test procedure to validate thevalues derived. These tests correspond to the USABC test procedures (see 2.1.2 for reference).6.1.2 TEST SEQUENCE6.1.2.
40、1 The battery manufacturer is to define the C1/1, C2/2, and C3/3 rates at 25 C. Since these tests arecomparative, the discharge rates are not changed for other discharge temperatures. For example, if C1/1is defined at 70 A at 25 C then this rate is to be run at any temperature.6.1.2.2 Module(s) shou
41、ld be discharged at the C3/3 rate until a voltage, temperature, or other discharge limit(cutoff) is reached as specified by module manufacturer. The beginning of discharge must be at the testtemperature, for initial testing the test temperature is 25 C. The discharge temperature may be changedas des
42、cribed later in this procedure.6.1.2.3 Since the discharge portion of this test may be run at temperatures other than 25 C, place the dischargedmodule(s) in a controlled temperature of 25 C and allow module(s) temperature to stabilize to this valuefor three consecutive 1 h readings. For test tempera
43、tures at 25C, the 3 h wait is not necessary.6.1.2.4 When module(s) temperature has stabilized in accordance with 6.1.2.3, module(s) shall be fully charged inaccordance with manufacturers specification requirements.6.1.2.5 Open circuit time periods between charge and discharge will be determined by m
44、odule and vehiclemanufacturers. This time may be dictated by the designation that the beginning of discharge temperatureis defined for these tests. At 25 C, the open circuit time may be short while at other temperatures aminimum soak of 16 h is recommended.6.1.2.6 Repeat test sequence (6.1.2.2 throu
45、gh 6.1.2.5) for a minimum number of cycles determined by vehiclemanufacturer, or until the measured capacity is repeatable to within 2% for three consecutive cycles.6.1.2.7 Repeat test sequence (6.1.2.2 through 6.1.2.6), using discharge rates of C1/1 and C2/2.NOTEThe discharge limits specified by th
46、e manufacturer may be different for different discharge rates.6.1.2.8 This section may be required at the discretion of the vehicle manufacturer since the temperatures chosenmay not be appropriate for a given module chemistry or vehicle system that is managed thermally. Repeattest sequence (6.1.2.2
47、through 6.1.2.7) using the test discharge temperatures of 45 C, 0 C and 20 C.To ensure the module is at temperature, the module should be soaked at the test temperature at least 16 hprior to discharge.SAE J1798 Reaffirmed JUL2008-6-6.2 Static Capacity Test (Constant Power Method)6.2.1 PURPOSEThe pur
48、pose of this test is to establish the ampere hour and energy capacity provided at variousdischarge rates and temperatures as appropriate to establish vehicle application usage. This may be usedas an application screening test to establish a need for sizing thermal management systems and energyperfor
49、mance. These tests may also verify performance as stated by the manufacturer, therefore 100%discharge is run to a voltage cutoff for these tests not just to rated capacity. These tests correspond to theUSABC test procedures (see 2.1.2 for reference).6.2.2 TEST SEQUENCE6.2.2.1 The battery manufacturer is to define the P1/1, P2/2, and P3/3 rates at 25 C. Since these tests arecomparative, the discharge rates are not changed for other discharge temperatures. For example, if P1/1is defined at 800 W at 25 C then this rate is to
