1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
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4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1661_201104SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1661 APR2011 Issued 1993-06 Stabilized 2011-04 Su
5、perseding J1661 NOV1998 Procedure Retrofitting CFC-12 (R-12) Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems to HFC-134a (R-134a) RATIONALE The technical report covers technology, products, or processes which are mature and not likely to change in the foreseeable future. STABILIZED NOTICE This document has been dec
6、lared “Stabilized“ by the SAE Interior Climate Control Committee and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability of technical requirements. Newer technology may exist. Copyright SAE International Provided by I
7、HS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1661 Stabilized APR2011 Page 2 of 7 1. ScopeThe purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide a service procedure for retrofitting aCFC-12 (R-12) system to HFC-134a (R-134a) whil
8、e preserving performance and integrity of the air-conditioning (A/C) system. The steps outlined in this procedure are complete when combined with goodservice practices and the vehicle manufacturers recommendations (if available) for retrofitting their models.Separate service equipment, for CFC-12 (R
9、-12) and HFC-134a (R-134a), including refrigerant recovery/recycle (R/R), service manifolds, vacuum pumps, and charging equipment shall be used to preserve the purityof the refrigerants and the mobile A/C systems. This procedure will minimize release of refrigerant to theatmosphere, and will preserv
10、e the integrity of the recycled CFC-12 (R-12) and HFC-134a (R-134a) supplies.This document applies to A/C systems used to cool the passenger compartment of automobiles, light trucks,and other vehicles with similar CFC-12 (R-12) systems. Due to technical advancements in recent years, thisprocedure is
11、 recommended for common vehicle platforms produced in the mid-1980s and later. Vehiclesproduced before this time period may require additional retrofit requirements. A/C systems used on mobilevehicles for refrigerated cargo that have hermetically sealed systems are not covered by this document.This
12、document is only complete when combined with the requirements of SAE J1657 “Selection Criteria forRetrofit Refrigerants to Replace CFC-12 (R-12) in Mobile Air-conditioning Systems.“2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent speci
13、fiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J639Safety and Containment of Refrigerant for Mechanical Vapor Compression Systems Used forMobile Air-Conditioni
14、ng SystemsSAE J1628 Technical Procedure for Using Electronic Refrigerant Leak Detectors for Service of MobileAir-Conditioning SystemsSAE J1657Selection Criteria for Retrofit Refrigerants to Replace CFC-12 (R-12) in Mobile Air-Conditioning SystemsSAE J1660Fittings and Labels for Retrofit of CFC-12 (R
15、-12) Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems toHFC-134a (R-134a)Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1661 Stabilized APR2011 Page 3 of 7 SAE J1771Criteria for Refrigerant Identification Equip
16、ment for Use With Mobile Air-ConditioningSystemsSAE J1989Recommended Service Procedure for the Containment of CFC-12 (R-12)SAE J1990Extraction and Recycle Equipment for Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems CFC-12 (R-12)SAE J1991Standard of Purity for Use in Mobile Air-Conditioning Systems CFC-12 (R-12)SA
17、E J2084Air-Conditioning Hose Requirements for HFC-134a (R-134a)SAE J2099Standard of Purity for Recycled HFC-134a (R-134a) for Use in Mobile Air-ConditioningSystemsSAE J2196Service Hoses for Automotive Air ConditioningSAE J2197HFC-134a (R-134a) Service Hose Fittings for Automotive Air-Conditioning Se
18、rviceEquipmentSAE J2209CFC-12 (R-12) Extraction Equipment for Mobile Air-Conditioning SystemsSAE J2210HFC-134a (R-134a) Recycling Equipment for Mobile Air-Conditioning SystemsSAE J2211Recommended Service Practice for the Containment of HFC-134a (R-134a)3. Air-Conditioning System Preparation Prior to
19、 Retrofit3.1 Determine that the vehicle A/C system has not been previously retrofitted. Talk to the customer and obtain theservice history of the A/C system.3.1.1 Since the A/C system may contain another refrigerant, a combination of refrigerants, or excessnoncondensables (NCGs), the system s conten
20、ts should be identified before removing the refrigerant. Notidentifying the refrigerant type prior to removal can result in contamination of R/R equipment. Use ofrefrigerant identification equipment certified to SAE J1771 should be used to determine what refrigerant is inthe mobile A/C system about
21、to be recovered.3.1.2 Check the engine compartment area for a system label to determine the existing system identification and/orif a retrofit label has been installed.3.1.3 Determine that CFC-12 (R-12) service ports are on the A/C system. CFC-12 (R-12) high and low side ports.(SAE 3/8 in-24 and 7/1
22、6 in-20 refrigeration flares as defined in SAE J639).3.1.4 Check all service ports and identify the usage (e.g., switches). Refer to 5.3 for retrofit fitting and labelrequirements.3.2 Determine possible refrigerant leaks and system performance.3.2.1 Connect the CFC-12 (R-12) manifold set including s
23、ervice hoses that meet SAE J2196 to the system.During initial inspection and service, use CFC-12 (R-12) refrigerant recovery/recycle (CFC-12 (R-12) R/R)equipment meeting SAE J1990 or SAE J2209.3.2.2 With the engine off, check the A/C system pressure. If the system does not have pressure, inspect the
24、system for possible leak points. Follow SAE J1628 Leak Check procedure by adding refrigerant CFC-12(R-12) to determine if the system has any leaks. System components that are found to be leaking shall berepaired or replaced in a manner compatible with the retrofit.3.2.3 With the refrigerant system p
25、roperly charged, operate the A/C system and observe the high and lowpressures, panel outlet discharge temperature, and other parameters recommended by the vehiclemanufacturer.3.2.4 Determine necessary repairs and component replacements in addition to those required for retrofitting thevehicle A/C sy
26、stem. Refer to 5.2.1 for repairs.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1661 Stabilized APR2011 Page 4 of 7 3.3 Using CFC-12 (R-12) refrigerant recovery/recycle equipment (CFC-12 (R-12)
27、 R/R equipment) meeting SAEJ1990 or J2209, recover the refrigerant according to the service procedure in SAE J1989. During refrigerantrecovery, observe A/C system components (e.g., accumulator) for frosting. If frosting has occurred or if the lowside pressure rises above atmospheric pressure within
28、2 min, additional refrigerant is in the system and it shallbe removed. Gently applying heat to the frosted components will reduce the time for the refrigerant recoveryprocess. An open flame or torch should not be used.3.3.1 To assure recovery of CFC-12 (R-12) refrigerant during system processing as
29、defined in 3.3 or after flushingas defined in 4.2, the SAE J1989 procedure shall be used. SAE J1989 states, “Start the recovery processand remove the refrigerant from the vehicle A/C system. Operate the recovery unit until the vehicle systemhas been reduced from a pressure to a vacuum. With the reco
30、very unit shut off for at least 5 min, determinethat there is no refrigerant remaining in the vehicle A/C system. If the vehicle system has pressure,additional recovery operation is required to remove the remaining refrigerant. Repeat the operation until thevehicle A/C system vacuum level remains st
31、able for 2 min.“3.4 Evaluate the retrofit requirements which will vary by vehicle and model year.3.4.1 Improper retrofit procedures may affect performance or result in damage to the A/C system. Carefully readthe vehicle manufacturers requirements, if available, for retrofitting the particular vehicl
32、e A/C system to HFC-134a (R-134a).3.4.2 Determine the suitable lubricant type to be used with the HFC-134a (R-134a) retrofit refrigerant. Refer to themanufacturers procedure, if available, to determine which components need inspection, cleaning, orreplacement. Affected components may include hoses,
33、seals, expansion devices, accumulators, receiverdriers, and possibly other components depending on system design.4. System Cleanup Procedure4.1 CFC-12 (R-12) RemovalTo protect the integrity of the HFC-134a (R-134a) recycled refrigerant supply,CFC-12 (R-12) must be removed from the A/C system before
34、charging with HFC-134a (R-134a) at the end ofthe retrofit procedure. Service procedures shall reduce the CFC-12 (R-12) content in the retrofitted system.Excess CFC-12 (R-12) levels may cause system chemical contamination and system damage. Procedures in3.3.1 and/or 4.1 and 4.2 when followed, will pr
35、ovide proper HFC-134a (R-134a) purity.The importance of evacuation per 6.3 in removing CFC-12 (R-12) must be emphasized. SAE and industryconducted a survey on residual CFC-12 (R-12) levels in refrigerants sampled from retrofitted A/C systems.System cleanup procedures were reviewed to determine their
36、 effect on CFC-12 (R-12) levels. Systemevacuation after completing the retrofit procedure is the most effective procedure in achieving low CFC-12(R-12) levels.4.2 Lubricant RemovalDepending on the retrofit lubricant choice and the particular A/C system, part or all ofthe mineral oil may need to be r
37、emoved. Draining oil from components, replacing components, or flushing canbe used for this purpose. It is essential to follow the manufacturers recommendations (if available) forremoving and replacing lubricant (see 5.2.2).4.3 Vehicle Manufacturers Recommended Cleanup Procedure (Procedure 1)4.3.1 C
38、onsult vehicle manufacturers recommendations, if available. The vehicle manufacturers recommendedservice procedures shall meet the HFC-134a (R-134a) purity level, of less than 2.0% CFC-12 (R-12) in 4.1.These procedures will likely emphasize evacuation for a period of time not less than called for in
39、 6.3.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1661 Stabilized APR2011 Page 5 of 7 4.4 Flush the A/C System with CFC-12 (R-12) Refrigerant (Procedure 2)4.4.1 The CFC-12 (R-12) mobile A/C s
40、ystem components can be flushed using refrigerant CFC-12 (R-12)charging equipment and recovery/recycling equipment. Adapter fittings and hoses are attached to the A/Ccomponent to be flushed. Prepared for flushing by opening the A/C system to provide a flushing inlet and anoutlet to the A/C system or
41、 component being flushed. Consult, if available, the vehicle manufacturersrecommended procedure to determine the flushing connections and which components to leave in during theflushing procedure.4.4.2 Attach the refrigerant charging equipment to the inlet of the component to be flushed.4.4.2.1 Depe
42、nding upon the selected direction for flushing, the inlet hose should be attached to the component tobe flushed. If backward circuit flushing is being performed, the inlet hose should be attached to the normaloutlet flow connection.4.4.3 Connect the R/R equipment to the other end of the component be
43、ing flushed. This hose should have anin-line filter to collect any foreign material that may be removed during the flushing process.4.4.3.1 It is advisable to periodically replace the in-line filter after the flushing procedure is complete.4.4.4 Check all connections to be sure they are leak free. F
44、or systems which have an A/C compressor that isdesigned to retain oil in the crankcase, consult the manufacturers procedures to drain oil from thecompressor.4.4.5 Evacuate the portion or component of the A/C system with the R/R equipment which was open to theatmosphere while making the flushing conn
45、ections. This will prevent air from being introduced into theCFC-12 (R-12) equipment. Shut the R/R equipment off. Be sure that the refrigerant flow valves are closed.4.4.6 Using the refrigerant charging equipment, charge the component being flushed so that it becomes filled withliquid refrigerant. W
46、hen the pressure has equalized, shut the refrigerant charging equipment off. Be surethat the refrigerant flow valves are closed.4.4.7 Completely recover the CFC-12 (R-12) refrigerant by using the recovery/recycling equipment. Since the A/Csystem or component will be completely filled with liquid CFC
47、-12 (R-12), the recovery process should bemonitored for frosting of components to assure that all the refrigerant has been removed. Gently apply heatto components which have become frosted during the recovery process. Lubricant removed during theflushing process will be collected in the R/R equipmen
48、t storage lubricant container. At the end of the flushingprocedure, the recovered refrigerant shall be recycled to SAE J1991 purity before beginning the next flushingoperation.4.4.8 This flushing procedure should only be used when CFC-12 (R-12) is the flushing solution. The use of otherflushing solu
49、tions, with this procedure may contaminate the A/C system and equipment.Retrofit to HFC-134a (R-134a) Procedure5.1 Remove all CFC-12 (R-12) service equipment. Disconnect the CFC-12 (R-12) manifold and CFC-12 (R-12)R/R equipment from the system. Evacuation and charging will be accomplished with HFC-13
