1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1994 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National Sta
4、ndardJ1143REV.FEB94Issued 1976-07Revised 1994-02Superseding J1143 JUN91(R) TOWED VEHICLE/TOW EQUIPMENT ATTACHMENT TEST PROCEDUREPASSENGER CARS, VANS, AND LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKSForewordThis Document has also changed to comply with the new SAE Technical Standards Board Format.Definitions has been changed t
5、o Section 3.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Scope . 12. References . 22.1 Applicable Publications. 23. Definitions. 24. Test Equipment. 24.1 Tow Truck 24.2 Vehicle Ballast 24.3 Wheel Alignment Checking Device 25. Test Procedure . 25.1 Towed Vehicle Preparation . 25.2 Front Towing Test Procedure 65.3 Rear Towing
6、 Test Procedure 76. Notes 86.1 Marginal Indicia 86.2 Key Words 81. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice provides a means to observe and evaluate a towed vehicle undera variety of road conditions to determine its behavior. The drivetrain should be evaluated by conducting SAEJ1144.COPYRIGHT Society of A
7、utomotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1143 Revised FEB94-2-2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated the latest revision of SAE publications shall appl
8、y.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAEJ1142Towability Design Criteria and Equipment UsePassenger Cars, Vans, and Light-DutyTrucksSAE J1144Towed Vehicle Drivetrain Test ProceduresPassenger Cars, Vans, and Light-Duty Trucks3. DefinitionsSee SA
9、E J1142, 2.2.4. Test Equipment4.1 Tow Truck4.1.1 TOW-SLING EQUIPMENTPASSENGER CARS, VANS, AND LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKS BEING TOWED WITH TOW-SLINGEQUIPMENTThe tow vehicle used will conform to the criteria set in SAE J1142, 3.2.1 through 3.2.3.1.4.1.2 WHEEL-LIFT EQUIPMENTPASSENGER CARS, VANS, AND LIGHT-DUTY
10、TRUCKS BEING TOWED WITH WHEEL-LIFTEQUIPMENTThe tow vehicle used should conform to criteria set in SAE J1142, 3.3.1 through 3.3.3.4.1.3 Additional towing equipment as necessary to safely tow the vehicle. See SAE J1142, 3.1 through 3.1.6.4.1.4 Other equipment and information as required. See SAE J1142
11、, Section 5.4.2 Vehicle Ballast4.3 Wheel Alignment Checking Device5. Test Procedure5.1 Towed Vehicle PreparationNOTEFor recording purposes, use the applicable test data sheet (Figures 1 to 3).5.1.1 The vehicle shall be at curb weight.5.1.2 The tires shall be those with the smallest static-loaded rad
12、ius available for the vehicle at the heaviest curbweight in 5.1.1.5.1.3 The tire pressures shall be to vehicle manufacturers lowest recommended pressure.5.1.4 Optional equipment including, but not limited to, bumper guards, aero-skirting, automatic level controlsystems, which may affect tow equipmen
13、t attachment and/or reduce towed vehicle ground clearance duringtowing, shall be installed.5.1.5 The trim height shall be within the vehicle manufacturers specifications prior to testing.5.1.6 Check the front and rear wheel alignments, if applicable, and record on the test data sheet. Reset to vehic
14、lemanufacturers specification, if required.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1143 Revised FEB94-3-FIGURE 1TEST DATA SHEET 1 (FRONT TOW)COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1143 Revised
15、FEB94-4-FIGURE 2TEST DATA SHEET 2 (REAR TOW)COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1143 Revised FEB94-5-FIGURE 3TEST DATA SHEET 3 (VEHICLE DATA)5.1.7 Sheet metal, doors, deck lid, or tailgate clearance shall be within the vehicle manufacturers to
16、lerances. Forlight trucks, cab-to-body clearance shall be set to minimum dimensions, if applicable.5.1.8 Check the bumper system for clearances to sheet metal, grilles, etc., to the vehicle manufacturerstolerances. Realign, if required.5.1.9 Check the bumper system fastener torques to the vehicle ma
17、nufacturers tolerances. Retorque tospecifications, if required.5.1.10 TEST VEHICLE LOADS5.1.10.1 The passenger cars shall be loaded to the vehicle manufacturers recommended cargo capacity.5.1.10.2 The vans and light-duty trucks shall be loaded as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.5.1.11 Record t
18、he final vehicle weights.5.1.12 Drive the vehicle to determine if the vehicle is operating normally.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1143 Revised FEB94-6-5.2 Front Towing Test Procedure5.2.1 With the tow truck and vehicle on level ground, a
19、ttach the tow-sling or wheel-lift equipment to the front end ofthe vehicle using the vehicle manufacturers recommended procedure if available.5.2.1.1 For tow-sling equipment, raise the front wheels to 102 mm (4 in) from the bottom of the tire above ground.5.2.1.2 For wheel-lift equipment, position r
20、etaining/L arms as recommended by the equipment manufacturer andraise the front wheels to 255 mm (10 in) from the bottom of the tire above ground.5.2.2 Determine the minimum ground clearance at the rear of the vehicle. Record the component closest to theground and the amount of clearance on the appl
21、icable test data sheet.5.2.2.1 If clearance is less than 4 in, use of a towing dolly is required. When dollies are used, increase the fronttire ground clearance the same amount that the vehicle height is increased by use of towing dollies.5.2.3 Set the ignition switch and transmission selector in th
22、e applicable position for towing and release the parkingbrake.NOTEThe following sequence is recommended, but not mandatory. Events may be resequenced aslong as all the tests are performed.5.2.4 CURB TEST (SLING VEHICLES ONLY)This test is to determine ground clearance. At creep speed, drive off a102
23、mm (4 in) curb with the towed vehicle centerline at 45 degrees to the curb on the right side. Repeat withthe towed vehicle centerline at 45 degrees to the curb on the left side.5.2.5 Conduct a visual inspection of the vehicle and towing equipment. Record any irregularities on the applicabletest data
24、 sheet.5.2.6 HIGH-FREQUENCY VERTICAL SHOCK TESTThis test is to induce vertical shock loads to determine stability ofvehicle attachments. (This test is not to determine ground clearance which is evaluated in other portions ofthis procedure; however, after test is completed, verify that no detrimental
25、 damage has occurred to thevehicle.) Drive 1.6 km (1 mile) at 24 km/h (15 mph) on Belgian-block type road as specified by the vehiclemanufacturer.5.2.7 Repeat 5.2.5.5.2.8 ROLL TESTThis test is to induce opposing roll between the towing and towed vehicles. Drive 0.8 km(0.5miles) at 56 km/h (35 mph) o
26、n twisted-plane type road as specified by the vehicle manufacturer.5.2.9 Repeat 5.2.5.5.2.10 PITCH TESTThis test is to induce pitch between the towing and the towed vehicles. Drive at 24 km/h(15mph) in the normal traffic lane through a 90-degree intersection of two highly crowned roads as specifiedb
27、y the vehicle manufacturer.5.2.11 Repeat 5.2.5.5.2.12 HIGHWAY TESTThis test is to evaluate both the handling characteristics of the combination during highwaytowing and the distance capabilities of the combination. Drive 80 km (50 miles) at 88 km/h (55 mph).Removal of axle shafts or driveshafts shou
28、ld be avoided and is not generally recommended. If required bythe vehicle manufacturers recommended towing procedure, driveshaft, or axle shafts as applicable, may bedisconnected or removed for towing on the drive wheels at these speeds and distance. The use of a dollymay be specified when towing on
29、 the drive wheels. Refer to SAE J1142, 3.5 and 4.6.5.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1143 Revised FEB94-7-5.2.13 Repeat 5.2.5 (if applicable, reinstall driveshaft or axle shafts removed in 5.2.12).5.2.14 GRADE TESTThis test is to evaluate
30、approach, departure and breakover, and stability of the towingequipment on grades. Drive 15% grade (8.5 degrees) uphill. Repeat drive in downhill direction. Theentrance to the grade, the run of the grade, and the departure from the grade must each exceed the length ofthe towing/towed vehicles combin
31、ation.5.2.15 Repeat 5.2.5.5.2.16 NORMAL BRAKE STOPThis test is to evaluate the stability of tow-sling equipment under normal brakingconditions. Recognizing that movement damage could occur, the recommended method should minimizesuch damage. Make normal brake stops from 8.0 km/h (5 mph) to 56 km/h (3
32、5 mph) in 8.0 km/h (5 mph)increments.5.2.17 Repeat 5.2.5.5.2.18 PANIC BRAKE STOPThis test is to evaluate the stability of tow-sling equipment under severe brakingconditions. Recognizing that major movement damage can occur, the recommended method shouldminimize such damage. Make panic brake stops (b
33、oth feet on brake pedal) from 8.0 km/h (5 mph) to 32 km/h (20 mph) in 8.0 km/h (5 mph) increments.5.2.19 Repeat 5.2.5.5.2.20 FINAL INSPECTIONDepending on towing equipment used, detach vehicle and inspect for bumper system, airdam, and paint damage; buckles in body or sheet metal; proper opening and
34、closing of doors, hood, anddeck lid (or tailgate); and deformation of fuel tank, filler pipe, transmission and engine oil pan, and exhaustsystem. Perform a general undercarriage inspection including T-hook, J-hook, or grab-hook attachmentpoints for deformation. Check front and rear wheel alignments
35、after the test vehicle has been driven at least1.6 km (1 mile) to normalize suspension components. Check the brake systems. Note observations and theresults of all inspections on test data sheet (Figure 3).5.2.21 Drive the vehicle to determine if the vehicle is operating normally.5.3 Rear Towing Tes
36、t Procedure5.3.1 Set the front wheels in a straight ahead position and secure with an acceptable steering wheel locking device(refer to SAE J1142, 3.1.5).CAUTIONDo not use the vehicles steering column lock.5.3.2 With the tow truck and vehicle on level ground, attach the towing equipment to the rear
37、of the vehicle.Connect the steering wheel locking device.5.3.2.1 For tow-sling equipment, raise the rear wheels to 102 mm (4 in) from the bottom of the tire above ground.5.3.2.2 For wheel-lift equipment, raise the rear wheels to 255 mm (10 in) from the bottom of the tire above ground.5.3.3 Determine
38、 the minimum ground clearance at the front of the vehicle. Record the component closest to theground and the amount of clearance on the test data sheet.5.3.3.1 If clearance is less than 102 mm (4 in), use of a towing dolly is required.5.3.4 Put the ignition switch and transmission selector in an app
39、licable position for towing and release the parkingbrake (see note in 5.2.3).COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1143 Revised FEB94-8-5.3.5 Repeat 5.2.4.5.3.6 Repeat 5.2.5.5.3.7 Repeat 5.2.6.5.3.8 Repeat 5.2.7.5.3.9 Repeat 5.2.8.5.3.10 Repeat
40、5.2.9.5.3.11 Repeat 5.2.10.5.3.12 Repeat 5.2.11.5.3.13 Repeat 5.2.12.5.3.14 Repeat 5.2.13.5.3.15 Repeat 5.2.14.5.3.16 Repeat 5.2.15.5.3.17 Repeat 5.2.16.5.3.18 Repeat 5.2.17.5.3.19 Repeat 5.2.18.5.3.20 Repeat 5.2.19.5.3.21 FINAL INSPECTIONConduct the complete inspection listed in 5.2.20 including th
41、e check of the front and rearwheel alignments.5.3.22 Drive the vehicle to determine if the vehicle is operating normally.6. Notes6.1 Marginal IndiciaThe change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locatingareas where technical revisions have been made to the previ
42、ous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the left ofthe document title indicates a complete revision of the report.6.2 Key WordsAutomobile, car, pickup truck, minivan.PREPARED BY THE SAE TOWABILITY COMMITTEECOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE
43、J1143 Revised FEB94RationaleThe following revisions have been made to this SAE Recommended Practice:a. Revised clearance from bottom of tire to ground for wheel-lift equipment from 102 mm (4 in) to255mm (10 in).b. Added instructions to increase tire-ground clearance at the vehicle hookup point by th
44、e sameamount of height added when using wheel dollies on the trailing end.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot applicable.ApplicationThe purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to subject a vehicle to sling- and wheel-lifttowing equipment under a variety of road conditions and to obse
45、rve and evaluate its behavior. Thepowertrain should be evaluated by conducting SAE J1144.NOTEThe glossary as included in 2.2 of SAE J2242 will be used in conjunction with this document.Reference SectionSAEJ1142Towability Design Criteria and Equipment UsePassenger Cars, Vans, and Light-DutyTrucksSAE J1144Towed Vehicle Drivetrain Test ProcedurePassenger Cars, Vans, and Light-Duty TrucksDeveloped by the SAE Towability CommitteeCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling Services
