1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1994 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National Sta
4、ndardJ1142REV.FEB94Issued 1976-07Revised 1994-02-02Superseding J1142 JUN91(R) TOWABILITY DESIGN CRITERIA AND EQUIPMENT USEPASSENGER CARS, VANS, AND LIGHT-DUTY TRUCKSForewordThis Document has also changed to comply with the new SAE Technical Standards Board format.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Scope . 21.1 Pur
5、pose 22. References . 22.1 Applicable Documents 23. Definitions. 24. Towing Equipment 144.1 Chains and Hooks for Use With Towing Equipment . 144.2 Tow Sling 174.3 Wheel-Lift Equipment . 174.4 Car Carrier Equipment . 204.5 Towing Dolly . 225. Passenger Car, Van, and/or Light-Truck Design Requirements
6、 . 235.1 Towing Equipment Connecting Points 235.2 Chassis Frame . 245.3 Bumper Systems 245.4 Body Panels . 245.5 Underbody 255.6 General. 256. Towing Instruction Requirements . 257. Labels. 268. Notes 268.1 Marginal Indicia 268.2 Key Words 26COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by
7、 Information Handling ServicesSAE J1142 Revised FEB94-2-1. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice describes the type of equipment commonly used with towingequipment, provides information to calculate safe steering loads, and outlines design criteria.1.1 PurposeTo provide guidelines for equipment usage a
8、nd the design of vehicles to minimize damage in thetowing of vehicles up to 4173 kg (9200 lb) GVWR in the event of disablement.NOTESee Section 3 for glossary.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless oth
9、erwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J179LabelingDisc Wheel and Demountable RimsTrucksSAE J208Safety for Agricultural TractorsSAE J254Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhau
10、st Gas Emissions MeasurementSAE J274Rated Suspension Spring CapacitySAE J284Safety Alert Symbol for Agricultural, Construction, and Industrial EquipmentSAE J670Vehicle Dynamics TerminologySAE J687NomenclatureTruck, Bus, TrailerSAE J706Rating of WInchesSAE J743Pipelayers and Side Booms, TractorMounte
11、dSpecifications ListSAE J853Vehicle Identification NumbersSAE J980Bumper Evaluation Test ProcedurePassenger CarsSAE J1041Brake Test Procedure and Brake Performance Criteria for Agricultural EquipmentSAE J1085Test for Dynamic Properties of Elastomeric IsolatorsSAE J1143Towed Vehicle/Tow Equipment Att
12、achment Test ProcedurePassenger Cars, Vans, andLight-Duty TrucksSAE J1213Glossary of Reliability Terminology Associated with Autmotive ElectronicsSAE J1229Truck Identification TerminologySAE J1451A Dictionary of Terms for the Dynamics and Handling of Single Track Vehicles (Motorcycles,Mopeds, and Bi
13、cycles)SAE J1473Braking PerformanceRubber-Tired Earthmoving Machines2.1.2 FEDERAL PUBLICATIONSAvailable from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.Federal Motor Carrier Regulations 393.70 and 393.71Federal Highway Administration Title 49, Section 393.1
14、02(b), Securement SystemsFederal Highway Administration Title 49, Section 393.106, Front-end Structure2.1.3 OTHER PUBLICATIONSPublic Law 89-5633. Definitions3.1 Above Cab CarrierA platform above the cab, which may be in a fixed or hydraulically adjustable position, fortransporting vehicles.3.2 Aero-
15、SkirtingAero-designed panels attached to lower side, or surrounding the lower side of the vehicle.See Air Dam, Fascia, Valence, and Cladding.3.3 Air DamFlexible air deflecting panel usually located below radiator support.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling
16、 ServicesSAE J1142 Revised FEB94-3-3.4 Air ResistanceA measure of the “drag“ on a vehicle moving through air. Air resistance increases as asquare of the speed, thus power requirements increase much faster than vehicle speed.3.5 Ambient TemperatureThe temperature of the environment surrounding the te
17、st specimen. (See SAEJ1085.)3.6 Anchoring DeviceUsed to attach cable ends, snatch blocks, safety chains, and tie-down assemblies to thetowing vehicle.3.7 Approach AngleAngle between the plane of the platform and the ground.3.8 Auxiliary Braking DeviceA device which attaches to the disabled vehicle t
18、o assist the tow trucks brakes inretarding or stopping both vehicles.3.9 Auxiliary EquipmentEquipment that is not necessary to perform the basic function of the primaryequipment.3.10 Auxiliary Fuel TanksFuel tanks installed in addition to the standard equipment tank.3.11 Auxiliary Towing LightsStop,
19、 tail, and turn signal lights attached to the trailing end of the towed vehicle andoperated as part of the towing vehicle lighting system.3.12 Axle CoversDevice used to cover drive axle shaft openings to eliminate contamination or loss of wheelbearing lubrication during transporting operations.3.13
20、Axle (Dead)A dead axle is merely a means of support for the wheels at each end. This is contrasted to a“live“ axle which is connected to the wheels and rotates with the wheels.3.14 Axle (Drive)Axle designed to support a portion of the vehicle weight and to transmit a driving force to thewheels. (See
21、 SAE J687c.)3.15 Axle (Tandem)Any group of two or more axles, any of which may be powered, and/or steering, and whichare attached one behind the other to the same vehicle and associated through a mechanism designed toprovide a specific relationship between loading. (See SAE J687c.)3.16 BA (Bumper to
22、 Axle)The distance from the foremost point on the front bumper to the centerline of the frontaxle. See Chassis Manufacturers Dimensions.3.17 BaffleA plate or shield used for deflecting, checking, or regulating the flow of liquids, gases, or air.3.18 BarrelA cylindrical component of the hydraulic cyl
23、inder (piston chamber).3.19 BatteryA DC voltage source which converts chemical, nuclear, thermal, or solar energy into electricalenergy. (See SAE J1213.)3.20 BBC (Bumper to Back of Cab)The distance from the foremost point on the front bumper to the back of thecab. See Chassis Manufacturers Dimension
24、s.3.21 Bending MomentThe force times the distance from a reference point to the point the force is appliedcausing bending.3.22 BHPBrake Horsepower.3.23 BodyThe structure mounted on a chassis cab or that portion of the vehicle that carries the load.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licen
25、sed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1142 Revised FEB94-4-3.24 Body HingeThe attachment mechanism connecting the body to the hinge pin at the pivot axis about whichthe body rotates into the tilt position.3.25 Body SubframeAnother term for body understructure or mounting subframe.3.26 Body Unders
26、tructureCrossmembers and longitudinal members under body floor.3.27 Body WeightUnmounted weight of body with applicable options.3.28 Bogie AxleSee Tandem Axle.3.29 BolstersThe transverse members that are used to define the horizontal support for the diagonal braces of avertical mast.3.30 BoomThe str
27、uctural member that supports the load. (See SAE J743.)3.31 Boom AngleThe boom angle is measured between a horizontal line and a line through the boom pivot andthe center of the sheave.3.32 Boom HeadThe structural member at one end of the boom which can swivel and support the load liftedthrough the s
28、heave and sheave support device.3.33 Brake, EngineThe engines compression pressure is used for retarding the truck.3.34 BrakesParkingA system used to hold a stopped machine in a stationary position. (See SAE J1473.)3.35 BrakesServiceThe primary brake system used for retarding and stopping the truck.
29、 (See SAE J1041.)3.36 BridleA V or Y type coupling device used to attach and center a cable in recovery, loading, and unloadingoperations.3.37 Bumper SystemsA system, the primary function of which is to provide protection against damage affectingthe performance of front and rear external lamps and o
30、ther components during low-speed impacts, as invehicle parking maneuvers. (See SAE J980a.)3.38 CA (Cab to Axle)The distance from the back of the truck cab to the center of the rear axle. See ChassisManufacturers Dimensions.3.39 CabThe driver/passenger carrying compartment.3.40 Cab ProtectorReference
31、 to Federal Highway Administration Title 49, Section 393.106.3.41 Cab Control LeversControl handles to engage power takeoff and hydraulic valve, usually located in truckcab convenient to drivers hand.3.42 CableSteel wire rope used for pulling or support.3.43 CamberThe inclination of the wheel plane
32、to the vertical. It is considered positive when the wheel leansoutward at the top and negative when it leans inward. (See SAE J670c.)3.44 Car CarrierVehicles equipped to transport other vehicles mounted on a flat platform and/or with anadditional assembly attached to the rear to facilitate towing a
33、second vehicle. These units are also known asslidebacks, rollbacks, transporting equipment carriers, and flatbeds. See Carrier.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1142 Revised FEB94-5-3.45 CG (Center of Gravity)If the vehicle is supported at t
34、his point, it will not rotate due to the force of gravity.(See SAE J1451.)3.46 CarrierA platform body with a winch for loading.3.47 CasterThe angle in side elevation between the steering axis and the vertical. It is considered positive whenthe steering axis is inclined rearward (in the upward direct
35、ion) and negative when the steering axis is inclinedforward. (See SAE J670.)3.48 Certification LabelRequired by Public Law 89-563, which states that a motor vehicle or item of motorvehicle equipment complies to all applicable Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) in effect on thedate of man
36、ufacture.3.49 Chassis CabA vehicle consisting of a chassis on which is mounted a cab, capable of being driven by theaddition of wheels or other items of running gear, but lacking a body or load-carrying structure.3.50 CladdingSee Aero-Skirting.3.51 Classification of Trucks by Ground ContactTrucks ar
37、e classified by the number of wheels and the numberof driving wheels. If a truck is designated as a 4 x 2, it has four wheels and two driving wheels. A 4 x 4 truckhas four wheels and four driving wheels. A 6 x 4 truck has six wheels and four driving wheels. Wheels areconsidered a unit whether they h
38、ave single or dual tires.3.52 ClawsSee Wheel Arm.3.53 COE (Cab Over Engine)Cab design where driver is actually as far forward as possible. Engine directlyunder cab.3.54 Completed VehicleA vehicle that requires no further manufacturing operations to perform its intendedfunction, other than minor fini
39、shing operations such as painting.3.55 Control LeverA device for imparting motion into control linkage.3.56 CrossbarSee Lift Bar.3.57 Cross-MembersGeneral term applied to transverse members in the understructure.3.58 Curb WeightThe weight of a vehicle in operational status, with all standard and com
40、monly installedequipment and the gas tank filled to capacity. (See SAE J254.)3.59 CylinderA complete hydraulic cylinder assembly.3.60 Cylinder BaseEnd of hydraulic cylinder opposite to header or rod end.3.61 Cylinder HeadEnd of a hydraulic cylinder through which the piston rod extends. Also called h
41、eader.3.62 Damage ResistanceIncreases in resistance due to damage to the load. See Resistance.3.63 DeflectorSee Snatch Block.3.64 D-RingSee Anchoring Device.3.65 Disabled VehicleAny vehicle that cannot operate under its own power.COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information
42、 Handling ServicesSAE J1142 Revised FEB94-6-3.66 DisplacementVolume of oil required to extend piston rod through its working stroke. Product of multiplyingthe area times the length of stroke, usually measured in cubic inches.3.67 Diverter ValveAuxiliary valve to provide hydraulic power from the hydr
43、aulic pump by switching the oil flowfrom its usual passageways into additional pieces of equipment such as snow plows or other lifting cylinders.Also called diversion or selector valve.3.68 DollyA four-wheeled carriage used in towing to support the trailing end of the towed vehicle.3.69 Dolly Towing
44、Procedure used to support wheels, not supported by sling or wheel-lift towing equipment, thatshould not touch road surface as damage to driveline may result. (See 4.5.1.) 3.70 DOT (Department of Transportation)A federal agency dealing with regulations concerning both themanufacture and operation of
45、motor vehicles and motor vehicle equipment. See NHTSA.3.71 DrivelineThe driveshaft and associated joints.3.72 DrivetrainCombination of a specific transmission (make, model, size, type), a specific differential assembly(make, model, size, type), and a specific driveline, if required.3.73 Dynamic Appl
46、icationReference to rating specifications.3.74 Electrical PowerDerived from energy produced by electricity. See Power.3.75 Equipment CarrierSee Car Carrier.3.76 Extension CylinderReference to Slide Back Extension Cylinder.3.77 FasciaFlexible material commonly used as a bumper cover (could extend bel
47、ow bumper).3.78 FC (Frame to Cab)Distance from the top of the frame rail to the top of the cab.3.79 Final Stage ManufacturerA person, firm, or corporation who performs such manufacturing operations onan incomplete vehicle that it becomes a completed (end-user) vehicle. (See SAE J1229.)3.80 FMVSS (Fe
48、deral Motor Vehicle Safety Standard)Regulations promulgated by NHTSA under Public Law89-563, which are mandatory and must be complied with when motor vehicles or items of motor vehicleequipment are manufactured and certified thereto.3.81 Frame CutoffCenterline of rear axle(s) to the rearmost point o
49、f the chassis frame as modified for bodyinstallation.3.82 Frame LiftSee Underlift.3.83 Free SpoolThe operation of unspooling wire rope from a drum by pulling on the end of the rope while thewinch is stationary. The drum is disconnected (declutched) from its powertrain during this operation.3.84 ForksA device attached to the lift bar for lifting a vehicle by the tires, axle, frame, or structural member. Maybe classified as chain, axle, or frame forks.3.85 Full DrumA d
